阅读理解技巧点拨间接信息题讲义-高三英语二轮复习

高考英语一轮复习备考：阅读理解技巧点拨（间接信息题）理解文中具体信息——简接信息题间接信息题要求考生对原文陈述的事实作出解释或判断，正确选项和原文在表述上有一定的变化，往往是原文信息的同义替换或归纳概括。上一期中讲到的根据题干关键词定位信息句的方法同样适用于解答间接信息题，但要注意这里的关键词有时是原文信息的同义或近义表达，甚至可能对原文进行了一定的概括和总结，因此考生要准确理解题干的意思，然后在文中找出与题干中心意思一致的信息。此外，在解答间接信息题时，我们还可采用排除法，这就要求我们了解选项的特点。间接信息题的正确选项不会照搬原文，会对原文信息进行改写，常见的改写方式有：替换原文中的关键词；改变关键词的词性；简化语言表达。干扰项往往根据文中的某个细节来设置，常有以下几种情况：①无中生有：选项信息在文中根本没有提到或与文中信息完全相反；②张冠李戴：把A事物的信息加诸在B事物上；③断章取义：选项中含有部分原文信息，但整体描述不准确（这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要特别注意）。下面我们结合高考真题对这种题型的解题技巧具体说明。例1：（2020年高考英语全国I卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime....25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者本人重读熟悉的、喜欢的书的经历，表明了重读这种读书方式对他的重要意义。25.根据题干中的关键词AMoveableFeast，我们可将答案定位在第三段。本段中的Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating,anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime介绍了海明威的《流动的盛宴》的内容，其中的memoir（自传）、anagingwriterlookingbackon（一位上了年纪的作家回顾）表明这本书写的是作者海明威自己年轻时的经历。B项中的young是对aging、lookingbackon、anambitiousyetsimplertime等表达的归纳概括，故选B项。例2：（2020年高考英语全国I卷C篇）...Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Nordbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Nordberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts'opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了竞走这项运动的诸多好处，并给想要尝试竞走的人提出了建议。29.题干中的关键词advantage对原文多项信息进行了概括和总结，包括：racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes以及someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers。通过对比选项可知，D项正确。D项是原文信息someoftheinjuries...suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers的同义表达。本题B项干扰性较强，因为文中提到的racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes与lesschallengingphysically在意义上有所关联，但其实这一干扰性属于断章取义。根据第三段中的Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding可知，竞走与跑步一样，对身体要求也很高，由此可排除B项。30.题干中的关键词为Dr.Nordberg’ssuggestion和someonetryingracewalking，由此我们可将答案定位到最后一段中的anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays。此句中的she指代Dr.Norberg；should是提建议的常用词。对比选项可知，A项正确。A项是信息句中consultacoachorexperiencedracer的同义表达。例3：（2020年7月高考英语浙江卷C篇）...ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitivefunctionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus....28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.【分析】本文是说明文。研究发现，从事需要大量分析思维、策划能力以及其他的管理技能的具有挑战性的工作能使大脑得到锻炼，使人年老时仍然保持敏锐。28.题干中的关键词为volunteers和tests，由此可将答案定位到第二段。本段明确指出了测试的具体内容：assessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskills，由此可知，科学家对于志愿者的测试是为了评估他们的智力情况，D项正确。D项中的measure是文中assess的同义替代，mentalability是对memoryandthinkingskills的概括。本题A项干扰性较强，因为assess和healthstatus都是原文词汇，但根据Theresult