考研考博-英语-南京邮电大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京邮电大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thewoodencasesmustbesecuredbyoverallmetalstrappingsothattheycanbestrongenoughtostandroughhandlingduring（）.

问题1选项

A.transit

B.motion

C.shift

D.traffic

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transit“搬运”；B选项motion“运动”；C选项shift“转移”；D选项traffic“交通”。句意：木箱必须用整体金属带固定，这样才能保证木箱在运输过程中足够坚固，经得起粗暴的搬运。本句表示木箱的搬运过程，因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Doctorssaythatmoderatedrinkingcanhaveabeneficial（）onyourhealth.

问题1选项

A.impact

B.generation

C.disposition

D.dependence

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。impact“影响”;generation“一代，产生”;disposition“性情，处置”;dependence“独立”。句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

问题1选项

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：马林是一个有独立思考能力的年轻人，他对他的政治领袖阿谀奉承。根据固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B选项。句子中的时态用的是现在时，所以后面的句子没有必要用完成时。

4.单选题

Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:thecorrectactionswerederivablefromclassicalfirstprinciplesorahierarchicallyrankedpantheonofprinciples.Thismodel,though,isbankrupt.

Isuggestwethinkofethicsasanalogoustolanguageusage.Therearenounivocalrulesofgrammarandstylewhichuniquelydeterminethebestsentenceforaparticularsituation.Norislanguageusageuniversalizable.Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.

Thisshouldnotsurpriseusintheleast.Allintellectualpursuitsarerelativisticinjustthesesenses.Politicalscience,psychology,chemistryandphysicsarenotcertain,buttheyarenotsubjectiveeither.AsIseeit,ethicalinquiryproceedslikethis:wearetaughtmoralprinciplesbyparents,teachers,andsocietyatlarge.Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.Orwemayfindourselvesinexplicablymakingcertainvaluations,possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.Wemay“learnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.Orwemayreflectuponourownandothers’“theories”orpatternsofbehavioranddecidetheyareinconsistent.Theresultingviewsare“tested”;weactaswethinkweshouldandevaluatetheconsequencesofthoseactionsonourselvesandonothers.Wetherebycorrectourmistakesinlightofthetestoftime.

Ofcoursepeoplemakedifferentmoraljudgments;ofcoursewecannotresolvethesedifferencesbyusingsomealgorithmwhichisitselfbeyondjudgment.Wehavenovantagepointoutsidehumanexperiencewherewecanjudgerightandwrong,goodandbad.Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.

Weareleftwithintherealworld,tryingtocopewithourselves,witheachother,withtheworld,andwithourownfallibility.Wedonothaveallthemoralanswers;nordowehaveanalgorithmtodiscernthoseanswers.Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.

Ifweunderstandethicsinthisway,wecansee,Ithink,therealvalueofethicaltheory.Somepeopletalkasifethicaltheoriesgiveusmoralprescriptions.Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.Notheoryprovidesasetofabstractsolutionstoapplystraightforwardly.Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.

21.Ethicalprinciplesaregenerallythoughttobe________.

22.Inwhatwayisethicssimilartolanguageuse?

23.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwemaylearnmoralprinciples“thehardway”?

24.Itisimpliedinthetextthatarelativisticviewofethnics________.

25.Theauthorassertsthatthetruevalueofethicaltheoryliesin________.

问题1选项

A.explicitlyclear

B.implicitlyvague

C.certainbutnon-rational

D.relativebutnotsubjective

问题2选项

A.Bothhaverulestodeterminetheoptimalchoiceunderacircumstance.

B.Bothvaryaccordingtothecontexttheyareapplicableto.

C.Bothareobjective,notsubjective,entities.

D.Similarsetsofrulescanbeappliedinquitedifferentsituations.

问题3选项

A.Wereevaluateourpreviouslyheldbeliefsaswegrowolder.

B.Werefutesomemoralprinciplesonlyafterwefindtheminconsistent.

C.Weacquireasenseofrightandwrongfromreallifelessons.

D.Weactbyignoringourinheritedaltruistictendencies.

问题4选项

A.canonlybeacquiredafterreallifelessons

B.oftengenerateunacceptableconsequences

C.ismorematureandrational

D.istooabstracttobeofanypracticalvalue

问题5选项

A.itsprescriptivepower

B.itsdiagnosticfunction

C.itseffectivenessinresolvingmoraldilemmas

D.itsrelevancetothesituation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】21.实施细节题。根据第一段第一句Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.（我们假定道德标准需要确定性的密封，否则它就是非理性的。），可知道德标准被视为非常明确，绝对，并且不是非理性的，A选项“明确清晰的”正确。B选项“隐隐约约，模糊”，C选项“确定但非理性”错误和D选项“相对但不主观”错误。因此A选项正确。

22.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.（虽然一个句子或短语在某种情况下是正当的，但这并不意味着它在类似的情况下自动适用。），可知道德和语言没有固定和绝对的使用方法，而是要根据情况而定，也没有特定情况，B选项“两者都根据它们适用的背景而不同”正确，A选项“两者都有在特定情况下决定最佳选择的规则”错误。C选项“两者都是客观的，而不是主观的实体”：根据第二段最后一句Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.（然而，语言的使用并不是主观的。），作者说的然而，可知作者想要表达的是语言是客观的，而道德不是客观的，故错误。D选项“类似的规则可以应用于相当不同的情况”：没有提到类似的规则的用法，属于过度推断，故错误。因此B选项正确。

23.语义推测题。根据第三段倒数第四句Wemay“learnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我们可能会“吃了苦头才明白”，有些行为会产生不可接受的后果。），行为产生后果，这里指的是在实际生活中检验对错，B选项“我们驳斥一些道德原则，只是在我们发现它们不一致之后”错误和C选项“我们从现实生活的教训中获得对与错的意识”正确。A选项“随着年龄的增长，我们会重新评估以前持有的信念”：根据第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（随着年龄的增长，我们会接触到不同的观点。这些可能会引导我们重新评估目前持有的信念。），可知重新评估以前持有的信念和接触不同观点有关，重新评估不是驳斥，故错误。D选项“我们通过忽视我们遗传的利他主义倾向来行动”：根据第三段第七句possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.（这可能是因为遗传的利他主义倾向。），可知并没有忽视利他主义，故错误。因此C选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.（但是我们也没有一个有利的位置，让我们成为哲学相对主义者。）和第五段最后一句Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.（我们也没有确定语言正确用法的算法，但这并不会让我们因为再也不能交流而绝望地举手投降。），可知相对主义的观念里，事情没有固定的解决办法，有时也会遇到困境，但是总体来说会积极面对，C选项“更加成熟和理性”正确。A选项“只有在真正的生活教训后才能获得”：根据第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（随着年龄的增长，我们会接触到不同的观点。这些可能会引导我们重新评估目前持有的信念。），可知不同的观点也会对此有帮助，故错误。B选项“经常产生不可接受的后果”：根据第三段倒数第四句Wemay“learnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我们可能会“吃了苦头才明白”，有些行为会产生不可接受的后果。），可知不可接受的后果由某些行为产生，与相对主义无关，故错误。D选项“太抽象了，没有任何实用价值”：根据第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（伦理理论之所以重要，并不是因为它们解决了所有的道德困境，而是因为它们帮助我们注意到道德问题的显著特征，并帮助我们在情境中理解这些问题。），可知相对主义在实际生活中有价值，故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.语义推测题。根据第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（伦理理论之所以重要，并不是因为它们解决了所有的道德困境，而是因为它们帮助我们注意到道德问题的显著特征，并帮助我们在情境中理解这些问题。），可知道德论的真正意义是帮助我们在情境中理解问题，不能直接解决问题，D选项“与情况的相关性”正确，C选项“解决道德困境的有效性”错误。A选项“指令权”和B选项“诊断功能”：根据第六段第三、四句Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.（他们认为我们应该像使用膏药一样应用伦理原则：诊断出食物后，我们使用适当的敷料。但这是一个错误。），可知道德论和药不是一回事，诊断以后就可以开药，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激发”；B选项originate“引起；创作”；C选项renovate“更新；修复；革新；刷新”；D选项endorse“背书；赞同”。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它激发进一步研究的能力。根据句意，A选项正确。

6.翻译题

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinaryperson.,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceinother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

【答案】科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动的必要方式的表达；它只是对所有现象进行推理并给予精确和准确解释的方式。科研人员与普通人在思考方面的差别与下面的差别类似：如面包师或屠夫用普通的秤来秤量商品，而化学家用精密的天平和砝码来进行复杂的分析。关键不是使用的秤和天平在构造原理和工作方式上有什么差别，而是后者是一个更精密的仪器，当然测量结果就更准确。

7.单选题

Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith(1875-1948).BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910,hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera’spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.

Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byjuxtaposingimagesandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowsuchastory,Griffithpersistedandexperimentedaswellwithotherelementswhichhavebecomestandardeversince.

Besidesdevelopingthecinema'slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlymoviesincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentofsocialissues.Ashissuccessmounted,hisambitionsgrew.Whenhemadeanewmoviein1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Oneofhismoviesreachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour’srunningtime.Griffith’sintroductionoftheAmerican-mademulti-reelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

2.TheauthorsuggeststhatGriffith’sfilminnovationshadadirecteffectonallofthefollowingexcept（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbefore1910thenormalrunningtimeofafilmwas（）

4.ItcanbeinferredthatGriffithwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardphotographyinthecinemabeforeGriffithcanbebestdescribedas（）

问题1选项

A.discusstheimportanceofGriffithtothedevelopmentofcinema

B.describetheimpactoncinemaoftheflashbacksandothereditinginnovations

C.documentGriffith'simpactonthechoiceofsubjectmatterinAmericanfilms

D.deplorethestateofAmericancinemabeforetheGriffith

问题2选项

A.filmediting

B.scenecomposing

C.camerawork

D.soundediting

问题3选项

A.15minutesorless

B.between30and45minutes

C.between15and30minutes

D.onehourormore

问题4选项

A.Thegooddirectorwillattempttoexplorenewideasasquicklyaspossible.

B.Themostimportantelementcontributingtoafilm’ssuccessistheabilityoftheactors.

C.Thecamerashouldbeconsideredanintegralandactiveelementinthecreationofafilm.

D.Thecinemashouldemphasizeseriousandsoberexaminationsoffundamentalhumanproblems.

问题5选项

A.sympathetic

B.indifferent

C.nostalgic

D.condescending

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.作者意图题。文章第一段第一句就提到“Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith.”电影艺术的成熟是DavidW.Griffith的个人成就,接下来全文主要讲Griffith对电影事业的发展做出的贡献,也就是讲述其重要性。所以选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。文章第一段主要讲述了拍摄技巧上的创新,顺便也提到了场景组合,所以选项B、C正确；第二段主要讲述了视频剪辑的创新,所以选项A也正确,第三段提到的是电影语言而不是声音的处理,所以选项D不正确。

3.判断推理题。根据最后一段后半部分的内容：1911年,Griffith拍摄了一部新电影,他坚持认为一个重要的主题不能用当时传统的一卷胶卷的长度来处理。所以这部电影达到了前所未有的四卷,即一小时的放映时间。格里菲斯引进的美国制作的多卷电影开始了一场巨大的革命。由此推断,1910年以前,电影正常放映的时间是一个胶卷的时间,4个胶卷为1个小时,所以1个胶卷的时间为15分钟,选项A正确。

4.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有合理的论据；文中没有涉及到演员对电影的重要性,所以选项B错误；

选项D电影应该强调对人类基本问题的严肃而冷静的审视,在文中也没有相关论据可以证明,所以错误。

选项C摄影应该被认为是电影创作中不可或缺的积极因素,符合原文。

5.观点态度题。sympathetic同情的；indifferent漠不关心的；nostalgic怀旧的；condescending谦逊的。根据第一段的第二句“BeforeGriffith,photography...”作者只是很平淡的讲述这一事实,没有任何带感情色彩的褒义或者贬义词,所以作者的态度是谦逊的,选项D正确。

8.单选题

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。otherwise表示“否则，要不然”时，其后的句子应用虚拟语气。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故空格处用过去完成时。句意：你没有多穿衣服，否则就不会感冒了。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

问题1选项

A.decreased

B.solved

C.increased

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。decreased减少；solved解决；increased

増加；ignored忽视。句意：文化误解导致语言问题的増加。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

问题1选项

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析题。contemplate“沉思，注视”；deem“认为，视作”；acknowledge“承认”；anticipate“预期，期望”；句意：到本月底还没有交纳注册费的人将被视为已取消该课程。B项符合句意，答案B

11.单选题

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

实际上,

事实上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；选项C缺少连词，所以本题选项D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大气也是。

12.问答题

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查连词。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美国的离婚率仍然是世界上最高的，这一点令人怀疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在欧洲，离婚率的暂时下降并没有达到同样的程度）”可知此处表示转折关系，故用although或while。

13.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

王毅表示，我们对美国有可能在韩部署萨德（THAAD）反导系统的动向表示严重关切。萨德反导系统覆盖范围，特别是其X波段雷达（X-Bandradar）监测范围远远超出半岛防卫需求，深入亚洲大陆腹地，不仅将直接损害中国的战略安全利益，也将损害本地区其他国家的安全利益。

【答案】Theproblemyoumentionedisveryimportant.WeshowgraveconcernsaboutthepossibledeploymentoftheTerminalHighAltitudeAreaDefense(THAAD)missiledefensesystembytheUSintheROK.ThecoverageoftheTHAADmissiledefensesystem,especiallythemonitoringrangeofitsX-bandradar,goesfarbeyondthedefenseneedoftheKoreanPeninsulaandwillreachdeepintotheAsianhinterland.ItwilldamagedirectlyChina’sstrategicsecurityinterestsandalsoharmsecurityinterestsofothercountriesintheregion.

14.翻译题

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(极其单调乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】【参考译文】休假比以前任何时候都更有必要，因为如今一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，相反却变得越来越单调乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在的休假概念。当然，某种方式的休息，历来是人生节奏的一部分，但人类社会早期认为没有必要像现代人那样安排休假。那时的节日足已满足人们的需要。

由于现代人生活越来越紧张，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假变得越来越必要。休假已成为调节修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放纵而生活节奏最紧张单调的美国，休假就成了家庭闲谈的主要话题。

15.写作题

Directions:“GoWest,YoungMan”wasapopularsayingofthe19centuryintheUnitedStates,referringtoopportunitiesonthefrontier.TodayinChina,thereisalsoagreatneedforpatrioticandenergeticyoungpeopletogowestandmakecontributionstothewesternregiondevelopment.WriteontheAnswerSheetanessayofabout150wordstodiscussthesignificanceofthedevelopmentofWestChina.ThesuggestedtitleisGoWest,RevitalizeOurNation.

【答案】GoWest,RevitalizeOurNation

ThewesternregiondevelopmentisakeymovetheStateCouncilhastaken,toachievethebalanceandco-ordinatedevelopmentofeconomyinthedifferenceregionalloverChina.Itcancontributetonationalemploymentaswellaseconomicgrowthofthewesternregion.Therefore,thewesternregionisingreatneedforanarmyoftalentswhowillbededicatedtotheiryouthandblood,inparticular,earlierstageofdevelopment.

Forthewesternprogressandprosperity,youngpeopleshouldcatchthechancetobecomepioneersthereandtoachievetheirownvalueratherthanenjoygoodlivingconditionincities.Thereexistavarietyofresourcestoberequiredforexploitingandutilizing.Thereitisfullofbusinessopportunitiestodemonstrateyourabilityandmakeyourdreamcometrue.

Ifyouareafreshgraduate,ifyouaspiretodobigthings,ifyoucommityourselftorevitalizingournation,gotothewesternregionwhereitsdevelopmentcan4carryonwithoutyourknowledge,enthusiasmanddevotion.Thewestcallsforyou!Youngpeople.

16.单选题

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers,LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublic:buildingsormonuments,wedonothavemultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.The,attitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives-usuallythericher-whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweare,slowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（

）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（

）.

3.Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesinothercountriesbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanscultureblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（

）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.standstill

B.stepforward

C.jumpaside

D.drawback

问题2选项

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.indifferencetowardsforeignaffairs

C.casualmanners

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

问题3选项

A.theycanafforditwithpowerfuleconomyandgreatwealth

B.theyareaggressivebynatureandproudoftheirownculture

C.peopleinotherculturesrespecttheAmericanculture

D.peopleinotherculturesareparticularlytolerant

问题4选项

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollars

问题5选项

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第二段LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable提到拉丁裔人和中东人喜欢靠得更近并且彼此接触，这让美国人感到不舒服，因此可以推测，当美国人遇上中东人这种靠近的行为会后退。选项D符合题意。

2.standstill“站着不动，静止不动”；stepforward“走出，向前进”；jumpaside“闪开”；drawback“后退”。文章中的例子主要是用来批判美国人对自己文化的过分自信，而对他国文化的忽视（linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualness）。选项A中的“文化自我中心”符合题意。

3.文章第六段Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.提到美国和美国人的文化愚昧和语言无知能够维系是因为美国是世界上最强的国家，是资金和物资的提供者。由此可知，美国人之所以这样文化自信，忽略他国文化，是因为本国的经济实力足够强大。选项A符合题意。

4.文章第三段Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld提到由于语言和文化的无知和看到他国的品味、姿势、习俗和语言等的态度，使得美国正在世界中失去朋友、生意和尊重。选项C符合题意。

5.文章提到了美国对他国文化的盲目和无知导致他们会在生活上失去伙伴，会影响美国在世界事务中的地位，因此，熟悉他国的文化非常有必要。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Whilethereislittlesystematicworkrelatingforeignlanguagelearningstrategiestosuccess,thereareanumberofobservationswhichcanbemadeaboutindividualswhoaregoodlanguagelearners.

IhavebeenabletoisolatesomeoftheindividualsbyobservingstudentsinclassroomsinCaliforniaandHawaii,byobservingmyselfandtalkingtoothergoodlanguagelearners,byelicitingobservationsfromsomesecondlanguageteachers.AsIhavebeguntoobserveclasses,whatfascinatesmeishowoftentheteacherplowsaheadwiththelessonseeminglywithlittleawarenessofwhatisgoingonineachstudent,andoftenwithoutdirectingtheattentionofthepoorerstudentstohowthesuccessfulstudentarrivedathisanswer.Thatis,manyforeignlanguageteachersareconcernedwithfindingthebestmethodorwithgettingthecorrectanswer,yettheteachersfailtoattendtothelearningprocess.Iftheyattendedtoitmore,theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needsandmightbeabletoprovidetheirstudentswithtechniquesthatwouldenablethemtolearnontheirown.Indeed,nocoursecouldeverteachallweneedtoknowaboutalanguage,andthestudentsmustfindthemeanstohelpthemselves,whentheteacherisnotaround.

Thetaskofobservingthesestrategiesisacomplicatedonebecausethestrategiesnecessarilyinvolvecognitiveprocesseswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletospecify.However,whenourattentionisfocusedonobservingthesestrategies,Ithinkwemayfinditeasiertoisolatesomeofthem.Justrecently,Idiscoveredthatbyusingvideotapeswehopetohelplearnersandteachersseewhatisgoingonintheclassroom.Wehopetobeable,aswell,toabstractthelearnerstrategiesbyinterviewingthelearnerabouthisbehaviorduringaparticularclassroomwhichshowingthematapeoftheirownbehavior.

Inspiteofthefactthatweareonlybeginningtoisolatethesestrategies,Ithinkthatitisusefultolistsomeoftheonesfoundthusfar.TheyremaingeneralbutgiveanideaofthekindofstrategiesIthinkweoughttobelookingfor.

1.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theauthorformedsomeideasaboutthefeaturesofgoodforeignlanguagelearningbygettinginformationfrom（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatthemostimportanttaskofagoodlanguageteacheris

（

）.

4.“Theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needs”means

（

）.

5.Observinglanguagelearningstrategiesisverycomplicatedbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheSuccessfulLanguageLearner

B.RelationshipbetweenTeachingandLearning

C.LanguageLearningStrategies

D.ObservationsofLanguageClasses

问题2选项

A.languageclassrooms

B.talkswithstudents

C.lecturesonthistopic

D.foreignteachers

问题3选项

A.toteachstudentslearningstrategies

B.tousethetextbookskillfu