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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(10%)

中国政府已做出了重大的努力,动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策,普及环境知识,使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。

【答案】TheChinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstomobilizepeopletoimproveecologicalenvironmentaccordingtolocalconditions.Wewilldoubleourefforttoraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.Thenewsmediaareneededtopublicizetheenvironmentalpolicyinourcountry,popularizetheknowledgeaboutenvironment,makingeverycitizentakeanactivepartinecologicalenvironmentprotection.

2.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisacceptableandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtoarts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower;norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascismWhathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherband,Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.

ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven'smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven().

2.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe().

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasofFlorentineCamerataare().

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartistictranscendslimitswith().

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT().

问题1选项

A.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandInterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

问题2选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.resultofhighlycreativescientificcreativity

D.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular.

问题3选项

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinamusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleoforganizationwasintroduced

问题4选项

A.moderateamusement

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.deepskepticism

问题5选项

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

C.IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltradition:thatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者认为贝多芬的音乐具有一种令人瞩目的独创性,因为贝多芬……”。文章最后一段提到贝多芬打破了常规,把音乐从令人窒息的陈规陋习中解放出来。但是仔细研究他的作品会发现,贝多芬并没有推翻认为原则。相反,他是一位无与伦比的战略家,他以惊人的独创方式利用各种从前辈那里继承下来的限制条件,比如规则、形式和惯例(IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways),由此可知选项A“以一种高度创造性的方式利用已有的惯例”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者认为一种把各种现象连贯地联系起来的新理论是……”。文章第一段提到“对于科学来说,一个新的理论是创造行为的目标和最终结果。创新的科学产生新的命题,在这些命题中,不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式彼此关联”(Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways),由此可知选项C“是高创造性科学的结果”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中提出佛罗伦萨歌剧是……”。文章第二段提到一般来说,一首乐曲是否在音乐史上确立了一个新的原则与它的美学价值几乎没有关系。一些音乐作品,比如佛罗伦萨乐团的歌剧,因为包含了一种新的组织形式,而具有显著的历史重要性,但是很少有听众或音乐家会把这些作品列入伟大的音乐作品之列(Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic),因此选项B“虽然它们在音乐史上很重要,但一般认为没有很高的美学价值”符合题意。

4.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者认为一切具有高度创造性的艺术都是超越界限的……”。文章第一段提到“由高创造性艺术产生的美学细节只会是对现有模式限制的延伸,而不会是对其超越”(Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform),由此可知作者对于那种认为创造性艺术可以超越现有模式限制的观点是不认可的,因此选项D“深度怀疑”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“这篇文章提供了回答以下所有问题的信息,除了……”。文章第一段提到“非凡的创造性活动被认为是革命性的”(Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary),由此可知选项A“不寻常的创造性活动被定性为革命吗?”在文章中有回复的信息,排除;文章最后一段提到“莫扎特的《费加罗的婚礼》无疑是音乐的杰作之一,尽管它的适度创新仅限于扩展现有的手段”(Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans),由此可知选项C得到了回答,排除;文章最后一段提到贝多芬打破了常规,把音乐从令人窒息的陈规陋习中解放出来。但是仔细研究他的作品会发现,贝多芬并没有推翻认为原则。相反,他是一位无与伦比的战略家,他以惊人的独创方式利用各种从前辈那里继承下来的限制条件,比如规则、形式和惯例(IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways),由此可知选项B在文章得到了回答,排除。综上,选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

One’schancesofgettingintocollegecanbebolsteredbywritinganeffectiveapplicationessay.

问题1选项

A.boasted

B.gratified

C.strengthened

D.indulged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干bolstered“加强,改善”。A项“自夸;自吹自擂”,B项“使高兴;使满意”,C项“加强;增强”,D项“沉湎,沉迷”。因此选C。句意:通过撰写有效的申请论文,可以提高一个人上大学的机会。

4.单选题

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

问题1选项

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。formidable表示“强大的,可怕的”;A项difficult“困难的,艰难的”,B项sustainable“可以忍受的,足以支撑的”,C项external“外部的,外表的”,D项unpredictable“不可预知的,出乎意料的”。句意:尽管取得了巨大成就,但发展仍将面临巨大障碍。根据句意可知,该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthe(1)clawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot(2)withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws(3)animpressive“small-fire”weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves(4)runningswiftlylikehorse,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen(5)tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere(6)withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnot(7)byanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch(8)thepickingsoftheforest,theape-manhad(9)efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor(10)theanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnotpossess.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange(11)theape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar(12)hereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlongdistancesightwas(13)anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethehighertheviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight,so(14)theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot(15).Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men(16)theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighas(17)ontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalkupright.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill.(18)theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame(19)tothenew,unstablepositionthat(20)themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

问题1选项

A.big

B.weak

C.strong

D.small

问题2选项

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

问题3选项

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

问题4选项

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

问题5选项

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

问题6选项

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

问题7选项

A.managed

B.possessed

C.posed

D.opposed

问题8选项

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

问题9选项

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

问题10选项

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

问题11选项

A.urged

B.permitted

C.banned

D.caused

问题12选项

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

问题13选项

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

问题14选项

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

问题15选项

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

问题16选项

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

问题17选项

A.valuable

B.acceptable

C.possible

D.able

问题18选项

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

问题19选项

A.suited

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.accustomed

问题20选项

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】(1)考查前后逻辑。neither…nor…“既不······也不······”,两个词接后面接类似的词,neither后面接的是powerful,所以nor后面应该接四个选项里的strong。选项C符合题意。

(2)考查动词词义辨析。match“使匹配,使相称”;compare“比较”;rival“与······竞争”;equal“等于,比得上”。空格处所在句子的句意是:他们比不上狗熊,狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能够提供很好的武器。选项A符合题意。

(3)考查动词词义辨析。become“成为”;equip“装备;配备”;pose“摆姿势”;provide“提供”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第32题,选项D符合题意。

(4)考查介词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是:他们甚至不能像马和斑马那样通过奔跑来保护自己。by“通过”,符合题意。

(5)考查动词词组辨析。bedrivento“沉浸于”;bedoomedtosth.“注定”;beforcedto“被迫”;leadto“导致”。空格处所在句子的句意是:如果一个类人猿试图在野外与其他动物搏斗,他们注定失败并且灭绝。选项B符合题意。

(6)考查动词词义辨析。bestow“赠给”,常与on或upon搭配;give“给”,常与to搭配;present“赠予”,常与with搭配;endow“天生具有,赋予”,一般用被动式与with搭配。空格处所在句子的句意是:他们天生拥有其他任何竞争对手所不具有的某种巨大的隐蔽的优势。选项D符合题意。

(7)考查动词词义辨析。manage“成功做”;possess“占有”;pose“摆姿势”;oppose“反对”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第36题。选项B符合题意。

(8)考查固定搭配。inthesearchof是固定搭配,“在寻找······的过程中”。选项B符合题意。

(9)考查动词词义辨析。generate“生成,产生”;progress“进展,进步”;develop“形成,获得”;advance“前进,发展”。空格处所在句子的大意是在生存竞争中类人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地动物不具有的立体视觉和颜色辨色能力。选项C符合题意。

(10)考查定语从句。先行词是efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor,先行词有两个,所以只能用that。选项D符合题意。

(11)考查动词词义辨析。urge“催促”;permit“允许”;ban“禁止”;cause“引起”。空格处前面theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange“能够近距离看到目标的能力”这个能力为它们研究实际问题提供条件,即“允许”它们去研究实际问题。选项B符合题意。

(12)考查固定搭配。beyondthereachof“在······范围之外”。选项C符合题意。

(13)考查副词词义辨析。quite是程度副词,可以用在限定词another前面,而另外三个副词则不可以。选项B符合题意。

(14)考查从句引导词。本句是由so引导的一个从句,句子缺少一个引导词,该引导词充当theyhadtodo的宾语,all符合题意。

(15)考查形容词词义辨析。available“可得到的;可用的”;enough“足够的”;sufficient“充足的”;convenient意为“方便的”。空格处句子所在的句意是:然而,在空旷的野外,这种方法是行不通的。选项A符合题意。

(16)考查动词词义辨析。choose“选择,挑选”;adopt“采用;采纳”;accept“接受”;take“实施;采取”。空格处所在句子的句意是:类人猿采用了唯一可行的方法。选项B符合题意。

(17)考查形容词词义辨析。valuable“有价值的”;acceptable“可接受的,合意的”;possible“可能的”;able“能够的”。空格处所在句子的句意是:它们的后肢尽可能高地抬起,开始直立行走。选项C符合题意。

(18)考查前后逻辑。however“然而”;therefore“因此”;meanwhile“同时”;subsequently“随后”。空格处所在句子与前面的句子提到直立行走使得类人猿站不稳,并且跟其他动物相比本来速度就慢了,现在变得更慢了(Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill)。空格处后面提到类人猿继续坚持并且使得骨头结构开始逐渐变化,可以看出前后存在转折关系,所以however符合题意。

(19)考查形容词词义辨析。besuitedtosth.“适合······的”;beaccustomedto“习惯于”;befamiliarizedwith“与······相熟”;adapttosth.“适应”。空格处所在句子的句意是:它们的骨骼渐渐适应了这种新的行走方式。选项C符合题意。

(20)考查动词词义辨析。obtain“获得”;call“叫”;deserve“值得”;earn“赚得,赢得”。空格处所在句子提到由于类人猿的骨骼逐渐适应了直立行走,因此赢得了“直立人”的称号。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Ahumanbeingisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.ludicrous

B.logical

C.frail

D.valiant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项ludicrous“滑稽的,荒唐的”,B项logical“逻辑的”,C项frail“脆弱的,虚弱的”,D项valiant“英勇的,勇敢的”。根据关键词thin“薄的,瘦的”和easilybreached“很容易被打破”,可知填入C项符合语境。句意:人类是一种非常脆弱的生物,因为掩盖恐惧和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱,而且经常很容易被打破。因此,该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally(

)oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

问题1选项

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection“反映”;demonstration“示范”;illumination“照明”;reproduction“繁殖”。句意:许多试图向世界反映现实的小说,都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat()andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项integrity“完整;正直;诚实;廉正”;B选项instinct“本能;直觉;天性”;C选项intensity“强度;强烈”;D选项insanity“疯狂;精神错乱;愚顽”。句意:这位市长是一位非常正直的女性,因此值得我们的政治和财政援助。根据句意,A选项正确。

9.单选题

Toomuch()toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】词汇题。

disclosure披露,

揭发;exhibition展览,

显示;contact接触,

联系;exposure暴露,

曝光。句意:过度暴露在x射线下会导致皮肤灼伤、癌症或对身体造成其他伤害。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

We’ll____youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.compensate给(某人)赔偿(或赔款)B.remedy改正;纠正

C.supplement增补;补充D.retrieve取回;索回

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意:我们在你房子里的时候,如果给你房子造成任何损坏,我们会……。根据逻辑,住在别人的房子里时,如果造成损坏应该对房子的主人进行赔偿。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我们在你房子里的时候,如果给你房子造成任何损坏,我们会赔偿的。

11.翻译题

世界上一些国家发生问题,从根本上来说,都是因为经济上不去,没有饭吃,没有衣穿,没有房住,工资增长被通货膨胀抵消。

【答案】

Basically,problemsinsomecountriesarecausedbypooreconomy,nofoodandnoclothingandnoshelter.Meanwhile,wagegrowthisoffsetbyinflation,whichalsoresultsintheseproblems.

12.单选题

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin()withtheImperialMuseum.

问题1选项

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羡慕地看着由柯林斯与帝国博物馆合作出版的照片。

考查短语辨析。incombinationwith与…结合,联合;incollaborationwith与…合作;写作;inconnectionwith与…有关。没有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B项正确。

13.单选题

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’,tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe(

).

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

).

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

).

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

问题1选项

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

问题2选项

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

问题3选项

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

问题4选项

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

问题5选项

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“本文最佳标题是……”。文章首先是通过一些实例来引出不同文化间的交流障碍这个话题,比如一位亚洲工程师被派到美国实验室后几乎精神奔溃;随后提到跨国公司开始重视这个问题并且采取了一些措施来解决这些问题,四个选项中选项A包含了其他三个选项的内容,最适合做文章标题。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知,baloney与哪个单词意思最接近”。文章倒数第二段提到(Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney)与(Icanseeitisarealproblem),把之前的观点与现在的观点进行对比,前后发生了变化,由此可知baloney的意思与“arealproblem”是相反的,即“胡说八道”的意思。选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么日本员工向他们美国经理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“这位美国经理说他花费了一年半的时间来明白日本员工认为的公平是被平等对待”(“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’,tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”),由此可以看出是因为对fair这个单词的误解,使得日本员工对此抱怨。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于……来说,文化交流问题正变得特别重要”。文章第三段提到跨国公司开始重视文化(Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture),因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“被提升的日本籍经理为什么要求换工作”。文章倒数第二段提到“不能适应职位提升的日本经理不能用更直接的语言与自己在英国的上司进行沟通从而提出了调换工作的要求”(TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors),选项C“他不能适应新工作”符合题意。

14.单选题

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofthemoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture:ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionof1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20centuryallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizedeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashope.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepoperatingefficientlyarethetaskofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

66.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis______.

67.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofparagraph1iscomparablehereto______.

68.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat______.

69.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

70.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economistshaveto______.

问题1选项

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

问题2选项

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

问题3选项

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

问题4选项

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

问题5选项

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】66.推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是……”。由第一段最后一句Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.(可以肯定的是,有管理,有发挥作用的市场力量,但也有许多其他因素帮助或阻碍经济功能)和文章最后一段第五句Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.(由于衰退的原因不确定,因此补救措施也同样不确定)可知,文章的主要目的是探索经济衰退的原因,故B项“探讨周期性经济衰退的原因”符合题意。A项“考察影响经济运行的因素”、C项“讨论政府在现代工业化社会中扮演的角色”和D项“提出纠正经济衰退的补救措施”都只是部分提及,不足以概括全文主旨。因此,该题选择B项正确。

67.推理判断题。题干意思是“第1段第一句的‘机器’在这里相当于……”。根据题干定位到文章第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.(机器越大,零件越多,故障的可能性就越大,维修费用也就越昂贵),第一段后面有提到Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.(现代工业国家的经济庞大而复杂),由此可知,这里machine相当于theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnations,即一个国家的经济,故B项“一个国家的经济”正确。A项“一个国家的政治制度”、C项“市场的力量”和D项“一个国家的政府”都不正确。因此,该题选择B项正确。

68.细节推理题。题干意思是“这里用汽车排放标准的例子来说明……”。第二段第三句提及Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostandreducingtheirprofits.(所有的法规都会影响企业的运作方式,通常会增加成本,减少利润),接着就引用了汽车排放标准的例子,这是用来说明规章制度

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