考研考博-英语-北京科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

SinceWorldWarII,therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.Manyyouthsbegindatinginthefirststagesofadolescence,gosteadythroughhighschool,andmarrybeforetheirformaleducationhasbeencompleted.Insomequarters,thereismuchshakingofgrayinglooksandcluckingofmiddle-agedtonguesoverthewaysof"waywardyouth."However,emotionalmaturityisnorespecterofbirthdays;itdoesn'tarriveautomaticallyattwenty-oneortwenty-five.Someachieveitsurprisinglyearly,whileothersneverdo,eveninthree-scoreyearsandten.

Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.Anditcanalmostbeputdownasadictumthatanymarriageenteredintoasanescapecannotproveentirelysuccessful.Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.Furthermore,itisdoubtfulwhetherthehomeasaninstitutioniscapableofcarryingailthattheyoungareseekingtoputintoit;onemightsayintheologicalterms,thattheyareforsakingoneidolonlytoworshipanother.Youngpeoplecorrectlyunderstandthattheirparentsarewronginbelievingthat"success”istheultimategood,buttheyerroneouslybelievethattheythemselveshavefoundthetruecenteroflife'smeaning.TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopianandthereforeincapableoffulfillment.Theywanttoomuchandtragicdisillusionmentisoftenboundtofollow.

Shallwe,then,jointhechorusof"Miserere,"overearlymarriage?Onecannotgeneralize:allearlymarriagesarenotbadmorethanalllateronesaregood.Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.Therefore,eachcasemustbejudgedonitsownmerits.Iftheearlymarriageisnotanescape,ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?Goodmarriagescanbemadefromsixteentosixty,andsocanbadones.

1.Accordingtothisarticle,thetreadtowardearlymarriages（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,successfulmarriagesaredeterminedbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartnersandnotby（）.

3.Moreoftenthannot,earlymarriagewill（）.

4.Youthfulexpectationsofmarriagecanbedescribedas（）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

7.Youngpeoplecanmarryearly（）.

问题1选项

A.istheresultoftheGreatDepressionofthe30s

B.cannotbeeasilydetermined

C.isonethatcanbeclearlyseen

D.isanoutgrowthofthemorallaxitybroughtaboutbyWorldWarII

问题2选项

A.financialconsiderations

B.parentalconsent

C.educationalbackgrounds

D.chronologicalage

问题3选项

A.notaffectone'sproblems

B.solveaperson'sproblems

C.intensifyone'sproblems

D.easeone'sproblems

问题4选项

A.Utopian

B.realistic

C.materialistic

D.tragic

问题5选项

A.peoplematureemotionallyatdifferentpaces

B.peoplethatmarryearlyhaveamiserablelife

C.allyoungpeoplemarryearlierthantheirparentsexpected

D.earlymarriagesareasbadaslatemarriages

问题6选项

A.itisnaturalforparentstobelieve"success"istheultimategood

B.youngpeoplemarryearlyforvariousreasons

C.youngpeopledateasearlyastheygotoelementaryschool

D.manyoldpeopleandthemiddle-agedpeoplethinkpositivelyofearlymarriages

问题7选项

A.iftheyarenotlonelyandisolated

B.iftheybelievethattheyareemotionallymature

C.iftheyarecapableofdealingwithpersonalproblems

D.iftheyholdfewillusionsforamarriageandeconomicallyaffordit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.”可知,早婚是一个明显的趋势,所以选项C符合原文。

2.根据最后一段第三句“Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.”令人满意的婚姻不是由时间顺序决定的,而是由伴侣的情感成熟度决定的。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第二段第三句“Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.”可悲的事实是,婚姻几乎不会解决一个人的问题；更多的时候,它只是在强调问题。也就是使问题变得更激烈,所以选项C正确。

4.根据第二段倒数第二句“TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopian...”可知选项A正确。

5.根据第一段最后两句可知,情感成熟与年龄无关,有的人很早就实现了,有的人从未实现过。由此可知,选项A符合原文。其他选项均表述太绝对,所以不正确。

6.根据第二段第一句“Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.”许多学生把结婚作为一种逃避,不仅是为了逃避不满意的家庭生活,也是为了逃避自己的孤立和孤独。由此推断,年轻人早婚的原因有很多。选项B正确。

7.根据最后一段倒数第二句“ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?”可知,选项D与原文描述一致。

2.单选题

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

问题1选项

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“尽管”；inasmuchas“因为”。句意：我想没有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因为它让我们成为人类，与其他动物区分开来。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Haveyouafunny（）orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?

问题1选项

A.amusement

B.incident

C.accident

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同寻常的经历吗？

考查名词辨析。amusement娱乐，快乐；incident事件；accident意外事故；section部分，地区。因此B符合句意。

4.单选题

Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual（1）,andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.（2）this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork（3）hisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers

（4）hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,heshouldhavemorethananodding（5）withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto

（6）

rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanotheraswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently

（7）ofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator'swork,i.e.theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,

（8）thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage（9）ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan（10）with.Itis,

（11）

,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedto（12）

howpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.Thesame（13）toanabilitytowritehissourcelanguages.Ifhecan,wellandgood;ifhecannot,not（14）.Therearemanyotherskillsand（15）

thataredesirableinatranslator.

问题1选项

A.application

B.use

C.utility

D.usage

问题2选项

A.Morethan

B.Exceptfor

C.Becauseof

D.Inadditionto

问题3选项

A.of

B.by

C.for

D.on

问题4选项

A.should

B.when

C.because

D.if

问题5选项

A.familiarity

B.acquaintance

C.knowledge

D.skill

问题6选项

A.change

B.transform

C.turn

D.switch

问题7选项

A.lacked

B.required

C.faced

D.confronted

问题8选项

A.essential

B.unnecessary

C.advantageous

D.useless

问题9选项

A.over

B.despite

C.ratherthan

D.instead

问题10选项

A.deal

B.concern

C.work

D.doaway

问题11选项

A.however

B.accordingly

C.consequently

D.thus

问题12选项

A.knowing

B.havingknown

C.know

D.haveknown

问题13选项

A.refers

B.comes

C.applies

D.amounts

问题14选项

A.matter

B.mind

C.harm

D.work

问题15选项

A.characteristics

B.qualities

C.distinctions

D.features

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:A

第15题:B

【解析】（1）名词辨析。application“应用，指将理论或什么用到一个特殊的情况下”；use“使用，指为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物”；utility“实用，特指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用”；usage“使用，侧重为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗”。此处指为了达到沟通目的的语言的使用，固定搭配beofuse，B选项正确。

（2）逻辑关系。由空格后面列举的“aninquiringmind,wideinterests”与空格前列举的译者需具备的东西知道这里应该是说“除了这个外，还应该具备什么”，D选项inadditionto“除…之外（包括除去的内容）”正确。morethan“多于，超出，比……多”；exceptfor“除了……以外（不包括除去的内容）”；becauseof“因为，由于”，均不符合题意，排除。

（3）固定搭配。onone’sown“依靠某人自己的力量去做某事”，D选项正确。

（4）语法倒装句。由空格后否定句“hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand”中没有助动词（如do等）可推测这里是用if引导的条件句采用虚拟结构shoulddo，但是这里采用了倒装结构，把should提前，并且省略了if，A选项正确。

（5）固定搭配。familiaritywith“熟悉，精通”；acquaintancewith“了解：知道”；knowledge“（与of连用）知识；学问”；skill“（与of连用）技能；技术”。由空格前的morethan“多于；超出”确定句意是‘他应该能够快速而准确地打字，如果他主要为出版物工作，他应该对印刷技术和校对不只是了解。’，所以B选项正确。

（6）固定搭配。change“改变;交换”；transform“转化，改变”；turn“转变，转弯”；switch“转换”。switchfrom…to…将…….转换成……，由常识“翻译指将一种语言转换为另外一种语言”，D项正确。

（7）固定搭配。requiresth.ofsb.“要求某人某事”，文中用的是被动语态，sthberequiredofsb.B选项正确。

（8）形容词辨析。essential“基本的，必要的”；unnecessary“不必要的，多余的，无用的”；advantageous“有利的；有益的”；useless“无用的；无效的”。由空格前的theprocessingofthewrittenword“书面文字的处理”与空格后tospeakthelanguages“去讲这些语言”的对应关系确定句意应是‘考虑到译者的工作性质，即对书面文字的处理，严格地说，他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。’所以选项B“不必要”正确。

（9）逻辑关系。根据上一句句意‘考虑到译者的工作性质，即对书面文字的处理，严格地说，他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。’可知这里是肯定advantage“优势”而否定hindrance“障碍”；所以空格处需要填写一个肯定前面内容而否定后面内容的连词，C选项ratherthan“而不是”正确。

（10）固定短语。dealwith“处理，涉及”；concernwith“使关心，关于”；workwith“与……共事，对……有效”；doawaywith“废除，去掉”。由关键信息but“但是”表转折关系以及单词aluxary确定这里句意是“译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能”，由此知D项正确。

（11）逻辑关系。however“然而，但是”；accordingly“因此，于是，相应地”;consequently“因此，结果，所以”；thus“因此，从而，这样，如此”。由空格后关键信息“shouldhaveanapproximateidea”及evenif“即使”知这里句意是‘然而，他应该对他的源语言的发音有一个大致的概念，即使这是……’，应该填一个表示“然而或但是”转折意义的词，故A项正确。

（12）固定搭配。berestrictedtodoingsth.“限制做某事”，排除C和D选项，这里表示一般时态，A项正确。

（13）固定搭配。referto“参考，涉及”；cometo“想起，共计”；applyto“适用于，应用于”；amountto“相当于，总计为”。由空格前的thesame“同样的（道理）”、空格后的anabilitytowritehissourcelanguages“:写他的源语言的能力”跟前面的thepronunciationofhissourcelanguages“读他的源语言的能力”的对比关系知这里指“同样的（道理）也适用于……”，所以C选项正确。

（14）固定搭配。空格处句意为“如果他能，那很好；如果译者不具有书写源语言的能力，这也没关系”。Itdoesnotmatter“没关系，不要紧”，A选项正确。

（15）名词辨析。characteristic“特征，特性，特点”；quality“质量，品质，素质”；distinction“区别，差别”；feature“特色，特征，容貌”。由关键信息and“和，并且”表示并列关系知空格处填写的词应该与名词skill“技能”同类；再由文章第二句中的hisprofessionalequipment“他的专业素养”的对应关系知这里指“其它技能与素质”，B选项正确。

5.单选题

Onemoretry,（

）youwillsucceed.

问题1选项

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.and

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑连词。or表示选择关系，but表转折关系，so常用来连接表示因果关系的句子，and表示并列关系。此句中前后句为并列顺延的关系。句意：再试一次，你就会成功。故D项正确。

6.单选题

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

问题2选项

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

问题3选项

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

问题4选项

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

问题5选项

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲对有权势的女性穿着所出现的挑剔报道。选项A正确。

2.根据一二段的内容可知,选项A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正确,只有选项D错误。

3.根据第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."几乎无一例外地,很少有人去细究男政治家们的服装选择。所以,选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."当媒体强调女性的外貌时,这会在更大范围内使贬低和限制女性的态度持久化。选项C符合原文。

5.根据关键词"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它强调的是她的能力而不是一种娱乐。你理所当然地认为这不再值得评论。选项A符合原文。

7.单选题

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

问题1选项

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项uplevel仅有uplevel形式，意为“高电平”；B选项uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；报升”；C选项upmarket“质优价高的；高级的；在高档之列”；D选项upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鲜花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高档零售商的销售一直很火爆，在上个假期期间，占Numi销售额的比例从9%跃升至26%。upscale“高消费阶层的，高档的”，C选项与该词词意最相近，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleamed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项glance“瞥闪，扫视，匆匆一看”；B选项glimpse“瞥见”；C选项glare“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项gleamed“闪烁；隐约地闪现”。句意：这本小说包括对19世纪乡村生活的一瞥，绝妙而富于启发。glimpse“瞥见”，是glance的结果。“takeaglanceat...”（看一看）的结果便是“getaglimpseof...”（瞥见了），此句中，小说提到的是19世纪的乡村生活，是结果不是看一看的动作。因此B选项正确。

9.翻译题

从某种意义上讲，现代生活方式使人们彼此疏远，人与人之间仅存在一种有限责任。事实上，只要我们彼此履行了各自的有限责任，至于他人干什么，想什么，我们根本不在乎。人们不会再为朋友两肋插刀，一生一世的朋友也不复存在，因为现代社会的朋友关系是建立在共同利益的基础上，当利害关系改变时，朋友关系也定会改变，在一个正在经受着历史巨变的社会中，人的利害关系如果不瞬息万变，那才是怪事呢。

【答案】参考译文：

Inasense,themodernwayoflifealienatespeoplefromeachother,andthereisonlyalimitedliabilitybetweenpeople.Infact,aslongaswefulfillourlimitedresponsibilitiesrespectively,wewillnotkeepinmindwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneorthought.Thewillingnesstodedicatelivestofriendsandthefriendshipthroughthelifetimearenolongerinexistence,becausethefriendshipsinmodernsocietyaresetuponthebasicofcommonbenefits.Withthetransformationofinterests,friendshipwillbeboundtochange.Inasocietywhichisundergoinganenormoushistoricalchange,itisnotsurprisingtofindtheever-changingbenefitbasedrelationshipbetweenpeople.

10.单选题

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution,competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,saferandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarboncostoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Byitsproductivity.

B.Byitssustainability.

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

问题2选项

A.localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

问题4选项

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

问题5选项

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。通过题干定位到原文第一段“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻译：这种情况在农业上尤其如此，可持续发展经常被当成是农业进步的唯一衡量标准，而农业的历史和文化方面却没有被恰当地了解。综合考虑，选项B“通过它的可持续性”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.”，中文翻译：然而，这些改变也导致栖息地的减少和生物多样性的不断减少。可知最佳答案为D选项“生物多样性的减少”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词traditionalfarmingpractices定位到原文第二段“Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.”，中文翻译：在能源使用和产品获取的营养方面，它（传统农业）是相对低效的。可以推断出答案选择C“它们不一定是可持续的”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段“Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.”，中文翻译为：这一切意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪的农业迥然不同。因此判断正确答案为A“它将会经历彻底的变化”。

5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段中心句“Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.”，中文翻译为：相反，我们需要一个更动态的解释，该解释会考虑所有各种各样土地使用方式的利与弊。以及文章第一段中“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻译为：这种情况在农业上尤其如此，可持续发展经常被当成是农业进步的唯一衡量标准，而农业的历史和文化方面却没有被恰当地了解。可知，正确答案为D项“催促人们反思可持续的农业是什么”。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我们可以把神秘的、不可知的未来塑造成我们所能想象到的任何东西，就像雕刻家将不成形的石头上雕刻成雕像一样。我们都站在农民的立场。如果我们播下好的种子，我们就会收获好收成。如果我们的种子贫瘠，杂草丛生，我们就会收获无用的庄稼。如果我们什么都不种，我们就什么也收获不了。

我希望未来比过去更美好。我不希望它会被那些充斥在过去中的错误与过失所污染。我们都应该关心未来，因为我们将在未来度过余生。

往昔已逝，静如止水。我们所能做的一切都改变不了它。未来就在我们面前，充满活力。我们所做的每一件都将会影响它。只要我们认识到这些，在我们的家中和在企业中，每一天都会带来新的领域。在人类努力开拓的每一片领域上，我们正处于进步的开端。

12.单选题

Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould（）fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.

问题1选项

A.conceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceive“设想、想象”；B选项discern“辨别、识别”；C选项recognize“承认、认出”；D选项distinguish“区分、辨别”，句意为：虽然他什么也没说，但从他的表情我们可以看出他不高兴。从表情可以区分出人的情绪，distinguishfrom为固定搭配，因此选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits（）inAmericaismuchlarge.

问题1选项

A.species

B.counterpart

C.analogy

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟,但在美国它的物种要大得多。species物种,种类；counterpart相似物；analogy类比,类似；category种类,分类。选项A形容生物种类,所以选项A正确。

14.单选题

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

问题1选项

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.careless不仔细的，粗心的（没有足够的关注和思考）B.doubtful不确定的，怀疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless没用的，无价值的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】sloppy的意思为“马虎的，草率的（缺乏关心、思考或努力）”，在这里指研究的样本太小，这样的研究非常随意，欠缺考虑，careless与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】愤怒的工程师们质疑这项研究中小样本的统计意义，并将其贴上草率的标签。

15.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施扫清“黄毒”，依法处理相关违法人员。

劳教制度废止后，未触犯刑法的违法者，将由社区采取措施进行矫正。

醉酒驾驶机动车的行为，要追究法律责任。

中国渔政船频繁开赴钓鱼岛，维护国家