考研考博-英语-上海兴伟学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海兴伟学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

问题1选项

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

问题2选项

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

问题3选项

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

问题4选项

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

问题5选项

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据关键词“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高兴看到大多数美国人开始认识到社会道德标准的下降。选项D符合原文。

2.根据到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。选项B以自我为中心的个人主义思想，符合原文。

3.根据第四段的第一句话,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，选项B正确。

4.根据关键词“1950”定位到第三段第二句话,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”指在1950年代闻所未闻，由此说明1950年代不存在校园暴力。选项A正确。

5.根据关键词“Elshtain¤tmoraldecline”定位到最后一段的第一句话“Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety.”除非人们找到对抗社会物质主义的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。由此可见,当人们减少对物质的追求时,道德水准的下降趋势可能得以扭转。选项D符合原文。

2.单选题

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientist.

问题1选项

A.advent

B.adverse

C.advert

D.advise

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。句意：电子计算机的出现为科学家的数据分析开辟了新的道路。advent“来临”，名词；adverse“不利的；相反的”，形容词；advert“引起注意”，动词；advise“建议”，动词。根据题意，选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（

）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelp

himwiththeperformance.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.onaverage

D.atrandom

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。Byaccident“偶然地”；onoccasion“有时”；onaverage“平均地”；atrandom“随意地，任意地”。句意：魔术师从观众中随便挑了几个人协助他进行表演。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.

问题1选项

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.disintegrate

D.disinherit

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。disassemble“拆开；解开”；disembark“登录；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剥夺……的继承权”，飞船失去控制的摇摆，然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件，分析四个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查，关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆，并在最后要着陆的时候……了。故正确答案为选项C。

5.单选题

Hesaidtherewasagreatgapbetweentheviewsexpressedinthemediaandwhat（

）peoplewerethinking

问题1选项

A.usual

B.general

C.normal

D.ordinary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说媒体表达出来的观点与普通大众所想之间存在巨大的差距。usual“普通的”;general“一般的”；normal“正常的；正规的”；ordinary“普通的，平凡的”。ordinarypeople“普通人，一般人”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Shakenbytwodecadesofvirtualanarchy,themajorityofpeoplewerereadytobuy_______atanyprice.

问题1选项

A.order

B.emancipation

C.hope

D.liberty

【答案】A

【解析】order命令,秩序;emancipation解放,释放;hope希望,信心;liberty自由,许可。句意：二十年的无政府状态动摇了大多数人,他们准备好不惜任何代价来换取秩序。选项A符合句意。

7.翻译题

RawmaterialsandpartiallyfinishedgoodsaresenttospecialborderzonefactoriesinsideMexicowhereadditionalassemblyworkiscompletedonthegoods,whicharethentransferredbacktotheUnitedStates.Alldutiesarewaivedbybothgovernments,exceptonthevalueaddedbytheadditionalmanufacturingprocessestakingplaceinMexico.Obviously,themostdesirablebarterwouldbeforgoodsthefirmwouldotherwisehavetopurchaseontheopenmarket.Secondmostdesirablewouldbegoodsthattheglobalsourcingmanagerseesareadymarketforwherehardcurrencycanbeearnedfromtheirsale.

【答案】

原材料和半成品被送往墨西哥境内的边境特区工厂，在那里完成货物的附加组装工作，然后再被转回美国。除了在墨西哥进行的额外生产过程所增加的价值外，两国政府对其他部分都放弃关税。显然，最理想的易货交易对象是公司在自由市场上必须购买的商品。第二可取的是那些商品：全球采购经理看到了一个现成的市场，可以从该商品的销售中获得硬通货。

8.单选题

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

问题1选项

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改变，转化；transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

AfterbreakfastIwentoutintothegarden.Springhadcomelatethatyear,makingnonsenseoflastyear’sgrandioseplans;IwastoSundaysofharddiggingbehindschedule.HarlingCrescentwaspartofanewhousingestateoffSt.ClairPark,oroffEarlRoad,dependingonwhichwayyouwantedtolookatit.(TheestateagentsgenerallycalledittheParkDevelopment,theworldParkhavingmorestatusthatRoad.)

WiththeexceptionofafewbighousesonEarlRoaditself,there’dbeennobuildinginthedistrictuntilafterthewar.WewerethefirstoccupantsofNumberSevenHarlingCrescent,andthegardenhadbeenawildernesswhenwemovedin.Now,afterthreeyearsduringwhichIseemedtohavedonelittleelsebutweedanddigandaddcartloadsoflimeandmanure,itwasbeginningtolookcrediblethatinabouttenyears’timeitmightberemotelylikethegardeninHunlittandLesper’sbrochure.Itwouldn’t,Iknew,boastquiteasmanyrosesandcherry-treesorhavesuchasmoothlygreenlawnorsuchagreeablyfantastictopiarywork,norcouldIeverhopeforalimousineofanythingnearthedimensions(thebonnet,accordingtomycalculations,beingsomefifteenfeetlong)tostandinthedrive.Ihadfewillusionsleftaboutmyvaluetomyfather-in-law’sbusiness.ButitWouldbedefinitelyagarden,andwe’dhaveteathereinthesummerandeatourownstrawberriesandthere’dbeaplayhouseforBarbaraand,assheherselfwouldputit,flowers.Barbarawouldcomehomefromschoolandtherewouldbe“pretty”flowers.Aboveall,thegardenwouldbesomethingI’dmade,somethingwhichbelongedtome,thepoetwhowroteaboutGodwalkinginhisgardeninthecoolofeveninghadgotitallwrong;Ivaluedmygarden-becauseitwasabouttheonlyplaceintheworld,inwhichI,JoeLampton,couldwalkasJoeLampton.

And,sinceI’dbeenthinkingofbeingtwoSundaysbehindschedule,itwastheonlyplacewhereIdidn’tlivetoschedule;inagardenonedidthingsbyseasonandweathernotbyclockandcalendar.

TheSt.ClairmansionstoodnorthofHarlingCrescentwiththeSt.ClairFollyOnthecrestofthehillaboveit.Itwasstillapleasuretolookat,itsproportionsofbalanceandorderandsimplicitywerestillacceptabletome;andtherehadbeenatimewhenthefactofmymother-in-lawbeingaSt.Clairhadgivenmeafeelingofpart-ownershipoftheplace:becausetheSt.Clairsweremychildren’sancestorstheywereminetoo.IfanythingIdidthefamilycredit;amongthemorenotableSt.Clairswereatleasttwoknownmurderers,threeconvictedtraitors,andoneparticularlyambitiousgentlemanwhowasrumoredbothtohaveofferedhisfifteen-year-olddaughtertoEdwardIIandtohavehelpedtoarrangeEdward’smurderatBerkeley.Heiress-huntingandrobberyofonekindoranothertheyallseemedtohavetakenforgranted;Peregrine,whobuildtheFollyin1810,wentthroughtwowives’fortunesandthenmadeanotherascolonelofaregiment.Hewasevensupposedtohavedoneadealwiththedenture-makersofthetime-whoextractedteethfromthedeadonthefieldofbattle;IcameacrossthistidbitinananonymousChartistpamphletwhichReggieScurrahshowedmeattheLibrary.

Reggiehadexpectedmetobeshocked;insteadIwasmildlytitillated.Thathadbeensomesevenyearsago:nowtheStClairshadlosttheirglamourasfarasIwasconcerned.True,whenawayfromWarleyIalwaysmanagedtobringmywife’sancestorsintotheconversation;Ihadneverdislikedanassociationwithanamewhich—allthemoresoforthefamilybeingextinct—wasasymbolofdoomedaristocracy,pennonsagainstthesunset,trumpetsatRoncesvalles,andalltherestofit.ButnowIusedthissocialgambitonlywhenIrememberedto.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thenameoftheestateonwhichhishousewasbuiltwas（）.

2.Bysaying"ifanythingIdidthefamilycredit”(Para.4),theauthormeantthat（

）.

3.ItisknownfromthepassagethattheSt.Clairsseemedtoregard（）.

4.Theword"boast"inParagraph2mostprobablymeans"（）".

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheauthor'sattitudetowardstheStClairfamilyis（）.

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

问题2选项

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

问题3选项

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

问题4选项

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

问题5选项

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到HarlingCrescent是新住宅区的一部分，远离St.Clair或者Earl路。房产经纪人一般称这里为Park，因为Park比Road地位要高，所以作者认为这个地方的取名很虚荣，很势利，选项C符合题意。

第2题:文章第四段提到有名的St.Clairs家族出的一些人，比如至少有两名杀人犯，三个被判罪的叛徒还有一个将自己15岁女儿送给爱德华二世并且还参与了发生在伯克利的爱德华谋杀事件的一个绅士。这些都能证明作者在某些地方比他们的信誉要高，选项D符合题意。

第3题:文章第四段提到后半段提及谋求成为女继承人和抢劫这样的事情对他们家族的人来说都是理所当然。Peregrine在1810年建造了Folly,他获得了两个妻子的财富，又做团长获得了另外一笔财富，从这些都可以看出St.Clairs认为追求财富都是理所当然，选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第二段Iwouldn’t,Iknew,boastquiteasmanyrosesandcherry-treesorhavesuchasmoothlygreenlawn…提到花园中不能有太多玫瑰花和樱桃树，boast在句子中是“拥有”的意思，所以选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章作者讲述St.Clair家族时是用讽刺的语气讲述的，比如讲述他们家出了杀人犯、叛徒，还有为了积累财富不择手段等等。所以选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Childrenarealways（

）aboutthingstheydonotknow.

问题1选项

A.queer

B.strange

C.curious

D.quaint

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。queer“奇怪的，异常的”；strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；curious“好奇的”；quaint“奇怪的，离奇有趣的”。句意：孩子们总是对未知事物充满好奇。C项符合题意，答案C

11.单选题

Althoughthereareoccasionaloutbreaksofgunfire,wecanreportthattherebellionhasinthemainbeen（）.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.destroyed

C.suppressed

D.restrained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:虽然偶尔会爆发枪声，但我们可以报道，叛乱基本上已被镇压。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。cancel取消;删去；destroy破坏;消灭;毁坏;suppress抑制；镇压；restrain抑制；约束。该动词的主语是therebellion(这场叛乱)，因此C项符合句意。

12.单选题

Someoftheideasareverysimpleandsoundintuitivelyplausible.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.directly

B.reasonably

C.frankly

D.instinctively

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项directly“直接地；立即；马上”；B选项reasonably“合理地；相当地；适度地”；C选项frankly“坦率地；老实说”；D选项instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意为“直观地；直觉地”，D选项的意思最为接近。句意：有些想法非常简单，听起来觉得很有道理。

13.单选题

Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewithabsolutelyno（

）tobuy.

问题1选项

A.commitment

B.engagement

C.persuasion

D.preservation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。commitment“承诺，许诺”；engagement“订婚，婚约，约会”；persuasion“劝说，说服”；preservation“保存，保留”。句意：可以在自己家里随意试用本产品且根本不用承诺买该产品。A项符合题意。

14.单选题

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

问题1选项

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images“图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts“原稿”；C选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。

15.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

16.翻译题

HanDynasty,foundedin202BC,wasoneofthelongestdynastiesinChinesehistory.Itwasdividedintotwoperiods:theWesternHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Consideredagoldenage,HanDynastycreatedagloriouscivilizationinvariousaspects,includingeconomy,culture,artaswellasscienceandtechnology,etc.HanDynastylaidafoundationfortheethniccultureoftheHanNationality,andConfucianismrespectedbytheWesternHanDynastybecamethemainstreamideologyofChina.

【答案】汉朝建于公元前202年，是中国历史上存在时间最长的朝代之一，分为西汉与东汉两个阶段。汉朝被称为黄金时代，在经济、文化、艺术和科技等各个方面均创造了辉煌的文明。汉朝奠定了汉民族的民族文化，西汉所尊崇的儒家思想成为中国的主流思想。

17.单选题

TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere（）inmanypartsofit.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.incorporated

C.summoned

D.translated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。criticize“批评”；incorporate“包含；合并”；summon“召唤，召集”；translate“翻译，转化”。句意：《新约》不仅是用希腊文写的，而且它其中许多部分吸收了源于希腊哲学的思想。选项B符合题意。

18.写作题

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“EducationMakesABetterFuture”.

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】略

19.翻译题

为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。例如，当中东战争中断了原油运输时，全世界石油价格飞涨。对石油和石油产品的消费者来说，这个事件降低了他们的生活水平。对经济决策者来说，它提出了选择最优反应的难题。但对经济科学家来说，它提供了研究关键自然资源对世界经济影响的机会，而且，在战争引起的石油价格上涨结束后，这种机会还会持续很长时间。因此，在本书中我们要考虑许多历史事件。这些事件之所以具有研究价值，既是因为它们能使我们了解过去的经济，更重要的则是因为它们使我们可以说明并评价现在的经济理论。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.

【答案】Inordertofindasubstituteforlaboratoryexperiments,economistspaycloseattentiontothenaturalexperimentsprovidedbyhistory.WhenawarintheMiddleEastinterruptedtheflowofcrudeoil,forinstance,oilpricessoaredupthroughouttheworld.Forconsumersinoilandoilproducts,suchaneventhasreducedtheirlivingstandards.Foreconomicpolicymakers,itputsforwardtheproblemofchoosingthebestresponse.Butforeconomicscientists,itprovidesanopportunitytostudytheimpactofkeynaturalresourcesontheworldeconomy,andthisopportunitywillpersistforlongafterthewartimeincreaseinoilpriceisover.Therefore,throughoutthisbookwewillconsideralotofhistoricalevents.Theseeventsarevaluabletostudybecausetheyenableustounderstandtheeconomyofthepast,andmoreimportantly,becausetheyallowustoillustrateandevaluatethecurrenteconomictheories.

20.单选题

ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant’sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant’sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil’sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.

50.TheGiant’sCausewaywascreatedby______.

51.ThelastsentenceinParagraph3impliesthatthetripontheswingingbridgeisquite______.

52.WhichoftheGiant’sCauseway’sfeaturesbestfitswiththecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention?

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheGiant’sCauseway?

问题1选项

A.theancientIrishpeople

B.thegiantFinnMcCool

C.thevolcanicactivities

D.thedriftoflavaplateau

问题2选项

A.inviting

B.intimidating

C.eye-opening

D.heart-breaking

问题3选项

A.Itsunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformations.

B.Itsamphitheatreswithfancilynamedstonecolumns.

C.ItslargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

D.Itsswingingropebridgebetweenthecoastandalittleisle.

问题4选项

A.Itprovidesvisitorsgrandandbreath-takingviews.

B.ItisasourceofliteraryinspirationfortheancientIrish.

C.Itservesasanexcellentpieceofmaterialforscientificresearch.

D.ItdwarfsmanyotherWorldHeritageSitesinEurope.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“巨人之路是由……创造的”。根据文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潜伏在陆地尽头、荒凉的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定让古代爱尔兰人感到惊奇，他们随后受到启发并创造了有关它的建造者的传说，即巨人芬恩麦库尔）和第二句TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.（堤道海岸有着无与伦比的地质构造，代表了约5亿6千万年前第三纪早期的火山活动），以及第四段中的TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSite…itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures（巨人之路和堤道海岸于1986年被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录……它是一个杰出的例子，代表了地球历史的主要阶段，包括生命的记录：在地形发展中的重要的持续地质过程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征），可知，巨人之路的创造是由于火山的活动而产生了持续的地质过程，从而形成巨人之路，所以C项“火山活动”正确。A项“古代爱尔兰人”错误；D项“熔岩高原的漂移”中的“漂移”文中没有提及；B项“巨人芬恩麦库尔”为干扰项，文章第一句说到了legend（神话），可知巨人之路是由巨人芬恩麦库尔创造的并不是真实发生的事情，而是爱尔兰人们为了解释这一现象而创造出来的神话，该项不选。因此，该题选择C项正确。

51.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第三段的最后一句话暗示了在摇摆桥上的旅行是相当……”。根据题干定位到第三段最后一句Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!（可以通过80英尺落差的摇摆桥，胆小的人可不行！），由最后的faint-hearted（怯懦的，胆怯的）就可以推知，摇摆桥是令人害怕的，B项“令人生畏的”正确。A项“诱人的，有魅力的”、C项“使人开眼界的”和D项“心碎的”都不正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

52.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“巨人之路的哪一个特征最符合世界遗产公约的标准？”。根据题干定位到文章第四段ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.（该遗址具有突出的普世价值，符合《世界遗产公约》规定的标准。也就是说，它是一个杰出的例子，代表了地球历史的主要阶段，包括生命的记录：在地形发展中的重要的持续地质过程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征；此外，它还包含了最高的自然现象和特殊的自然美和美学重要性的领域。），可知巨人之路的持续地质过程、重要的地貌和地貌特征以及自然现象和自然美是最符合世界遗产公约的标准，所以A项“无与伦比的地质构造”最能概括这几点。B项“它的圆形凹地有着名字奇特的石柱”、C项“欧洲最大的熔岩高原”和D项“在海岸和一个小岛之间的摇摆绳索桥”都是包括在里面的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于巨人之路，下列哪项是不正确的？”。由最后一段第二句TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.（该中心是沿海岸和悬崖的理想起点，为游客提供各种优质的服务。）可知，A项“它为游客提供了壮丽的景色”符合原文。由文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潜伏在陆地尽头、荒凉的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定让古代爱尔兰人感到惊奇，他们随后受到启发并创造了有关它的建造者的传说，即巨人芬恩麦库尔）可知，B项“它是古代爱尔兰文学灵感的来源”正确。由最后一段倒数第一句A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory…（12分钟的视听介绍，配有5种欧洲语言的解说，使游客可以通过当地的民间传说和科学理论进一步探索巨人之路的起源……）可知，巨人之路在科学理论的探索上发挥了作用，C项“它是科学研究的绝佳材料”也符合。只有D项“它使欧洲的许多其他世界遗产相形见绌”在文中并没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

21.单选题

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

问题1选项

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：开车越小心就越好。B选项cannottoo加形容词“越……越好”，其余选项非固定搭配且不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

22.单选题

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication―butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsan