考研考博-英语-北京师范大学珠海分校考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京师范大学珠海分校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmay_______at25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-free-credit.

问题1选项

A.comeup

B.accountfor

C.addup

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】comeup走近,发生,上升;accountfor（比例）占;addup合计;workout解决,算出。句意：所有的信用卡机构都按月收取利息,每年的利息可能占25%,但明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

问题1选项

A.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthelowtemperatures

【答案】D

【解析】省略句的用法。根据句子前部分的结构可知题目强调的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分，根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温。’可知D选项正确。

3.单选题

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld~withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.―topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourownlime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath）.ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China.Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials（资质）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（贫困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.

1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould（）.

2.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarII?

3.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

4.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

5.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

问题1选项

A.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

B.helpraisepeople’slivingstandards

C.quickenthepaceofindustrialization

D.promotethenation’ssocialprogress

问题2选项

A.Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.

B.Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.

C.Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.

D.Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.

问题3选项

A.TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

B.SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

C.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

D.Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

问题4选项

A.Insufficientfunding

B.Shortageofdevotedfaculty

C.Shrinkingenrollment

D.Dimprospectsforgraduates

问题5选项

A.Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

C.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

D.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem(科学与技术似乎几乎为所有问题提供了解决方案)。由此可知，A项“解决几乎所有存在的问题”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。第一段指出:TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld(两次世界大战和一次大萧条动摇了许多人的信心，他们曾认为只有科学知识才能创造一个繁荣有序的世界)。以及:AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy(第二次世界大战后，学术界对人文主义研究产生了新的热情，这在许多学者看来是确保民主生存的最佳途径)。由此可知，D项“他们认识到仅有科学和技术不能保证一个更好的世界”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出:ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines(在这些基本学科方面，美国正落后于许多其他发达国家，这个担忧是相当合理的)。因此C项“美国在STEM学科上正落后”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。第三段指出:Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves(政府、基金会和学术机构本身为人文学科所提供的资金都严重不足)。因此A项“资金不足”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues(然而，也试着去想象我们的世界没有定义我们文化和价值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者认为人文主义研究重要是因为人文主义思想帮助定义了我们的文化和价值观。故选C。

4.单选题

Ⅻ.Sociology

Thispaperinvestigatesauniquefeatureofpost9/11developmentsinlaw:thetacitcircumventionofconstitutionalbalancing,anotherwisecorefeatureinjurisprudence,aswellasinlegislation,policymakingandlawenforcement.Balancingreferstotheprocessofweightinghowintrusivecertainmeansareincomparisontotheends—providedofcourse,thattheendsarelegitimate.Theconceptofproportionalityiscorollaryhere:inordertoassesstherelationshipbetweenthemeansemployedandtheaimssoughttoberealized,oneneedstoassesthreecriteria:effectiveness,necessity,andthedegreeharminflicted.However,incurrentpoliticaldebates,whenanti-terroristlawenforcementmeasuresareinvolved,thelongheldgoldenruleforpolicymakinghasbeenreplacedbyanother,substantiallyemptyrhetoric:theinherentlyfalsedichotomyofthe“libertyvs.security”-binary.Thepaperwillhavetheanti-terroristlawenforcementmeasuresinfocus,buttherhetoricissweeping:ithasbeenextendedto,copiedin,andmergedwithcrimecontrolmeasuresandimmigrationcontrolaswell.

TheuniquenessofthisNewWorldis,thus,twofold:First,newstandardshavebeensetup(requiredandaccepted)forgovernmentactivisminthesphereofcurtailingfreedomasanexchangeforsecurity.People(thepoliticalclass,theelectorate)appeartobewillingtoreformulatethetraditionalbalancebetweenlibertyandsecurity:alittlebitmoredocumentsandID-checks,longerlinesandmoreflexiblesearch-warrantsseemanacceptabletaxleviedinreturnformorestringentdemandsforgovernment-providedsecurity.Forexample,oncebeingconvincedthatweactuallyneedtobesearchedandsurveilledforaviationsafety,forafasterprocess,wearewillingtogivingupsomeofourprivacyandenterafullbodyscanner.Itseemstobethecasethatthereisabroadconsensusonthefactthattraditionalpolicingprinciplesor,forthatmatter,thelawoftheGenevaConventionshavebecomeunsuitedforhandlingthepeculiarwarfareputonbysuicidebombersandterroristorganizations.Justabouteverywhereintheworld,thewaragainstterrorismhashadtheeffectofwideningthecontrolfunctionsofthenationalsecurityandimmigrationservices,aswellasofotherlawenforcementauthorities.Theexpandedmeasuresandproceduresthusintroducedwereoftenonesthatlegislatorsandlawenforcementofficialsotherwiseonlyhaddreamedofattaining,butthistimearound,theycouldtakeadvantageofchangesinthepublicsentimentduetosociety’sshockoverthetragiceventsandfearspreadingintheirwake.

1.TheconstitutionalbalancingisacorefeatureintheflowingBUT___.

2.Whatisthegoldenruleforpolicymakingaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Peopleappeartobewillingtoacceptthefollowinginreturnformoresecurity,EXCEPT___.

4.WhatisNOTacauseforintroductionofmeasuresthatlegislatorsandlawenforcementofficialsotherwiseonlyhaddreamedofattaining,accordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.lawenforcement

B.policymaking

C.jurisdiction

D.legislation

问题2选项

A.Assesstherelationshipbetweenthemeansemployedandtheaimssoughttoberealized.

B.Effectiveness,necessity,andthedegreeharminflicted.

C.Libertyvs.security.

D.Constitutionalbalancing.

问题3选项

A.moredocumentsandID-checks

B.longerlines

C.moreflexiblesearch-warrants

D.acceptabletax

问题4选项

A.Changesinthepublicsentimentduetosociety’sshock.

B.Peoplearewillingtogivingupsomeoftheirprivacy.

C.Thetragiceventsandfearspreading.

D.Abroadconsensusonthefactthattraditionalpolicingprincipleshavebecomeunsuited.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“constitutionalbalancing”定位到原文第一段第一句Thispaperinvestigatesauniquefeatureofpost9/11developmentsinlaw:thetacitcircumventionofconstitutionalbalancing,anotherwisecorefeatureinjurisprudence,aswellasinlegislation,policymakingandlawenforcement.（本文探讨了“9.11”事件后法律发展的一个独特特征：对宪法平衡的默认规避，这是法理学以及立法、决策和执法的一个核心特征）可知A选项“执法”，B选项“决策”，D选项“立法”和原文相符，C选项“管辖”未涉及。因此C选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Theconceptofproportionalityiscorollaryhere:inordertoassesstherelationshipbetweenthemeansemployedandtheaimssoughttoberealized,oneneedstoassesthreecriteria:effectiveness,necessity,andthedegreeharminflicted.However,incurrentpoliticaldebates,whenanti-terroristlawenforcementmeasuresareinvolved,thelongheldgoldenruleforpolicymakinghasbeenreplacedbyanother,substantiallyemptyrhetoric:theinherentlyfalsedichotomyofthe“libertyvs.security”-binary.（相称性的概念在这里是必然的：为了评估所使用的手段和寻求实现的目标之间的关系，需要评估三个标准：有效性、必要性和造成的伤害程度。然而，在当前的政治辩论中，当涉及到反恐执法措施时，长期以来被奉为制定政策的黄金法则已经被另一个实质上空洞的辞令所取代：固有的错误的“自由与安全”二元对立）推断出黄金法则就是前面提到的相称性的概念，可知选A选项“评估所使用的手段与寻求实现的目标之间的关系”，B选项“有效性、必要性和造成损害的程度”的目的是为了A选项，不符合题意，C选项“自由与安全”错误，和原文相悖；第一段第一句Thispaperinvestigatesauniquefeatureofpost9/11developmentsinlaw:thetacitcircumventionofconstitutionalbalancing,anotherwisecorefeatureinjurisprudence,aswellasinlegislation,policymakingandlawenforcement.（本文探讨了9/11后法律发展的一个独特特征：对宪法平衡的隐性规避，这是法学以及立法、政策制定和执法的一个核心特征）可知D选项“宪法平衡”是政策制定的核心特征而不是黄金法则。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段People(thepoliticalclass,theelectorate)appeartobewillingtoreformulatethetraditionalbalancebetweenlibertyandsecurity:alittlebitmoredocumentsandID-checks,longerlinesandmoreflexiblesearch-warrantsseemanacceptabletaxleviedinreturnformorestringentdemandsforgovernment-providedsecurity.（人们（政治阶层，选民）似乎愿意重新制定自由和安全之间的传统平衡：多点证件和身份检查，更长的队伍和更灵活的搜查令似乎是可以接受的税收，作为对政府提供的更严格的安全要求的回报）可知A选项“更多的文件和身份检查”，B选项“更长的队伍”和C选项“更灵活的搜查令”和原文一致；D选项“可接受的税”是指人们把ABC三项作为和政府交换的内容，而D选项本身不是交换的内容。因此D选项符合题意。

4.事实细节题。定位到最后一段Itseemstobethecasethatthereisabroadconsensusonthefactthattraditionalpolicingprinciplesor,forthatmatter,thelawoftheGenevaConventionshavebecomeunsuitedforhandlingthepeculiarwarfareputonbysuicidebombersandterroristorganizations...Theexpandedmeasuresandproceduresthusintroducedwereoftenonesthatlegislatorsandlawenforcementofficialsotherwiseonlyhaddreamedofattaining,butthistimearound,theycouldtakeadvantageofchangesinthepublicsentimentduetosociety’sshockoverthetragiceventsandfearspreadingintheirwake.（似乎是这样，人们普遍认为，传统的警务原则或日内瓦公约的法律已不适合处理自杀式炸弹袭击者和恐怖组织所发动的特殊战争……因此所采取的扩大措施和程序往往是立法者和执法官员原本只梦想实现的措施和程序，但这次，由于社会对悲惨事件的震惊和随之而来的恐惧蔓延，他们可以利用公众情绪的变化）可知A选项“公众情绪的变化由于社会的冲击”，C选项“悲剧事件和恐惧蔓延”和D选项“于传统的警务原则已经变得不适合的事实的广泛共识”和原文一致；最后一段Forexample,oncebeingconvincedthatweactuallyneedtobesearchedandsurveilledforaviationsafety,forafasterprocess,wearewillingtogivingupsomeofourprivacyandenterafullbodyscanner.（例如，一旦我们确信，为了航空安全，为了更快的过程，我们确实需要被搜索和监视，我们愿意放弃一些隐私，进入全身扫描仪）可知B选项“人们愿意放弃一些他们的隐私”属于人们愿意舍弃一些东西来求得政府更好的保护的例子，不属于实行立法人员和执法官员在其他情况下只是梦想实现的措施的原因。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Iwasnotsurprisedatallhearinghimshoutingatthemeeting,theoutburstwas（）ofhisbadtemper.

问题1选项

A.expository

B.explanatory

C.illustrative

D.revealing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expository“说明的；解释的；评注的”；B选项explanatory“解释的；说明的”；C选项illustrative“说明的；作例证的；解说的”；D选项revealing“透露真情的；有启迪作用的；坦胸露肩的”。句意：听到他在会上大喊大叫，我一点也不惊讶，他的爆发……他的坏脾气。此处在于指出他大喊大叫与他的坏脾气之间的关系。A选项过于正式，B选项用来说明原因，而大喊大叫与坏脾气之间是“表现与被表现”的例证关系，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Tomhadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltgreatly（

）afteramealandarest.

问题1选项

A.renewed

B.refrained

C.resumed

D.efreshed

【答案】D

【解析】renew更新，复兴，重新开始；refrain节制，克制；resume重新开始，继续；refresh恢复精神。句意：汤姆本来已经筋疲力尽了，但吃过饭休息一会儿以后，他又恢复了精神。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（

）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使气馁。

句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。beoffendedby意为“被...触怒”，选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Theblouseisabargain.

B.Theblouseistooexpensive.

C.Theblouseiscolorful.

D.Theblouseissofashionable.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Theblousecostmelike8000yuan.

M:That'ssucharipoff.

W:Ireallylikeit,thecolor,thedesign.

M:Fashionreallykillswomen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】推断题。男士说：Fashionreallykillswomen，由此推测他认为这件上衣贵了。

9.写作题

Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whichistoppriority,toeliminateinequalityorpovertyinourcountry?"

Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.

Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

10.填空题

ThelanguagesofAboriginalAustraliansconstituteanotherunrelatedgroup,anditis________whetherallAustralianlanguagesformasinglefamily.(debate)

【答案】debatable

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据关键词is，可知横线所在内容为表语，应该为形容词，debatable“有争议的”符合语境，指的是是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系这件事存在争议。

【句意】澳大利亚土著居民的语言构成了另一个不相关的群体，是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系，这是有争议的。

11.单选题

Theyogainstructorexplainedthatdeep,diaphragmaticbreathingispalpablewhenoneplacesherhandonherabdomen.

问题1选项

A.tangible

B.dappled

C.pedantic

D.variable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干palpable“易于察觉的；可意识到的”。A项“有形的；可感知的”，B项“有斑点的；花斑的”，C项“迂腐的”，D项“多变的；易变的”。根据选项词义，选A。句意：瑜伽教练解释说，当一个人把手放在腹部时，可以感觉到腹式深呼吸。

12.单选题

Sincethen,____relationsbetweenthetwonationshavebeencharacterizedbyenvy,suspicion,resentmentandhate.

问题1选项

A.unanimous

B.bilateral

C.accidental

D.vacant

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项unanimous“意见一致的；无异议的”；B选项bilateral“双边的”；C选项accidental“偶然的；附属的”；D选项vacant“空的；空缺的”。句意：从那时起，两国之间的____关系就充满了嫉妒、猜疑、怨恨和仇恨。此处就是指两国之间的关系，bilateralrelations“双边关系”，B选项最符合句意。其他选项都没有依据，因此，本题最佳选项为B。

13.单选题

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

问题1选项

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项shy“害羞的；易受惊的；对（做）……心怀顾忌”；B选项ash“灰烬”；C选项advisable“明智的，可取的”；D选项ashamed“感到羞耻的；惭愧的”。句意：他为自己在学校里的所作所为感到______。根据语境，这里指的是对他做过的事的态度，D选项ashamed“感到羞耻的；惭愧的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Ifit（）toomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupofcoffee.

问题1选项

A.hadn’tbeen

B.isn’t

C.weren’t

D.maynotbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意：如果不是很麻烦，我想要来杯咖啡。本题的would是一种委婉、礼貌的语气，表示请求，所以if从句是一个真实条件句，不是虚拟语气，直接用一般现在时，因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

问题2选项

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

问题3选项

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

问题4选项

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

问题5选项

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第一句话“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些动植物发展出来一些特征，帮助它们比其他同类更好的适应环境。”可以推断出本题正确答案选C。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。选项A“环境；上下文语境”；选项B“环境；周围的事物”；选项C“邻居”；选项D“敌人”。单词所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根据上题的分析，environments应该指的是周围的事物所形成的环境。故正确答案选B。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛颜色发生变化是因为要融入环境。”这句话是对本段第一句主旨句的举例论证，由此推断，动物的皮毛颜色发生变化是为了融入环境和适应环境。选项D更符合文章意思。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第三段前面两句话“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有机体有许多适应方式，它们也许在结构上，功能上和遗传方面适应……”由这句话可知选项A、B和C都是动物改变自我适应环境的方式。选项D在文章中没有提到。故正确答案选D。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有机体可以创造自身的环境，就像恒温的哺乳动物一样，尽管天气变化，它们也能调节自己的体温。”由此可知作者引用恒温哺乳动物保持体温的行为是为了说明它们能够创造自身的环境。故正确答案选A。

16.单选题

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

问题1选项

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脱；refuge避难；life生活；hiding躲藏，隐匿。句意：持不同政见者决定去国外。takerefuge为固定搭配，意为“避难，（以掩饰等手段）逃脱困境”，因此正确答案是B选项。

17.单选题

Allthepublicfacilitiesrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan,（

）throughtaxesalone.

问题1选项

A.raised

B.israised

C.toraise

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】从句中的省略。分析句子意思‘如果我们想要所有的公共设施更好地我们服务，就需要不断投入新的设备和进行改善，所以单独由税收所筹集的钱是远远不够的’和结构可知，如果将此处还原成完整的句子应为requiringmoremoneythanitisraisedthroughtaxedalone,从句中省略了主语it，B选项正确。

18.不定项选择题

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（31）tohowtheycanbebest（32）suchchanges.

Growingbodiesneedmovementand（33）,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（34）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyselfconsciousandneedthe（35）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（36）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（37）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（38）publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews,（39）studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（40）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful（41）dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe（42）ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult（43）visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave（44）attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（45）participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto（46）elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants（47）.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.（48）theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby（49）forrolesthatarewithintheir（50）andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

问题1选项

A.thought

B.idea

C.opinion

D.advice

问题2选项

A.strengthen

B.accommodate

C.stimulate

D.enhance

问题3选项

A.care

B.nutrition

C.exercise

D.leisure

问题4选项

A.If

B.Although

C.Whereas

D.Because

问题5选项

A.assistance

B.guidance

C.confidence

D.tolerance

问题6选项

A.claimed

B.admired

C.ignored

D.surpassed

问题7选项

A.improper

B.risky

C.fair

D.wise

问题8选项

A.ineffect

B.asaresult

C.forexample

D.inasense

问题9选项

A.displaying

B.describing

C.creating

D.exchanging

问题10选项

A.durable

B.excessive

C.surplus

D.multiple

问题11选项

A.group

B.individual

C.personnel

D.corporation

问题12选项

A.consent

B.insurance

C.admission

D.security

问题13选项

A.particularly

B.barely

C.definitely

D.rarely

问题14选项

A.similar

B.long

C.different

D.short

问题15选项

A.ifonly

B.nowthat

C.sothat

D.evenif

问题16选项

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.something

问题17选项

A.off

B.down

C.out

D.alone

问题18选项

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheaverage

C.Onthewhole

D.Ontheotherhand

问题19选项

A.making

B.standing

C.planning

D.taking

问题20选项

A.capabilities

B.responsibilities

C.proficiency

D.efficiency

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】第1题:固定搭配题。idea“主意”；opinion“观点”；advice“劝告”都是和介词onsth.搭配，表示关于某事，特别adviceto后边一般是接“人”；所以只有thought与tosth.搭配，表示“考虑某事”。

第2题:动词辨析题。本题所考查的动词的宾语是suchchanges，本文的基本主线是探讨青少年应对变化的问题，从下文中的短语areadjustingto“调节，使适应”就可以断定本题也是选择一个表示适应概念的选项，所以accommodate“适应”是正确答案。strengthen“加强，巩固”；stimulate“刺激，激励”和enhance“提高”都不符合。

第3题:名词辨析题。根据语境可知此处应该选择一个名词与movement“运动”对应，与competition“竞争”意义相反，根据后文adjustingtotheirnewbodies“适应他们新的身体”，可知此处着重强调身体锻炼，care“关心”；nutrition“营养”；exercise“运动”；leisure“休闲”，故正确答案为exercise。

第4题:逻辑关系题。通过分析上下句的逻辑关系可以发现，这是个表示因果关系的主从复合句，所以用Because引导因果状语从句；If引导条件句；Although引导让步状语从句；Whereas引导转折句。

第5题:同形词辨析题。根据前一句中的self-conscious“自我意识”，以及本题后边的定语从句thatcomesfromachievingsuccess“成功”andknowingthattheiraccomplishments“成就”，通过这几个重点词汇，我们不难判断出答案是confidence“信心”；而assistance“帮助；协助”；guidance“指导；领导”和tolerance“容忍；宽容”和这些已知信息所表达的概念不搭配。

第6题:动词辨析题。主语theiraccomplishments“成就”应当是被admired“赞美，羡慕”；而其他选项claimed“要求；声明”；ignored“忽略；忽视”和surpassed“超越；胜过”与主语构不成搭配。

第7题:形容词辨析题。improper“不恰当的”；risky“冒险的”；fair“公平的”；wise“明智的”，根据前面所提到的青少年需要自信，所以此处“设计胜者多，败者少的活动”不可置否的是“明智的”行为，所以正确答案为wise。

第8题:词组辨析题。根据文章内容，前面所说到要设计胜者多败者少的活动，后文中就列举了很多不同的活动，可知此处应该选择forexample“比如；例如”表示举例，ineffect“正在实行；实际上”；asaresult“结果”和inasense“在某一方面；就某种意义上来说”意义都不符合本题题意。

第9题:动词辨析题。根据此句的句子结构可知此处应该选择一个与publishing“出版”；

sponsoring“赞助”所表示的动作相一致的词，displaying“展示；展览”；describing“描述；描写”；creating“创造；创作”和exchanging“交换”四个词中只有displaying最恰当，与artwork搭配，表示“展示艺术品”。

第10题:形容词辨析题。根据本题的题意和搭配，multiple“多种多样的”的意思最合适；即providemultipleopportunitiesforleadership“为锻炼领导才能提供很多机会”。而durable“持久的；耐久的”和surplus“过剩的，剩余的”与题意无关；excessive“过多的；过分的”含有负面意义，不能使用。

第11题:名词辨析题。本题所在句子的主语Avarietyofsmallclubs“各种各样的小型俱乐部活动”；下一句的Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers“交朋友对青少年来说是极其重要的”，这些信息强调青少年需要参加“集体活动”，因此，符合这个概念的只有group表示“团队；小组”活动；而选项individual“个人的，单独的”与文章想表达的意思相反；其他两个选项personnel“人员；职员”和corporation“公司”与题意无关。

第12题:名词辨析题。根据Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers“交朋友对青少年来说是极其重要的”，而这些害羞的学生当然也需要交朋友，那他们害羞的特点也就决定了他们需要security“安全