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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-九江职业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.He’llgotoseeMr.Whiteat10:30.

B.He’dliketomakeanearlierappointment.

C.He’dliketocanceltheappointment.

D.He’dliketoseeanotherdentist.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Mytoothisbotheringme.WhencanIseeDr.White?

W:Howabouttomorrow?10:30OK?

M:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?

W:No.ButIwillcallyouifthereisacancellationbeforethen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士说:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?(有没有办法早点儿?),由此可知他想早些看医生。

2.单选题

“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou()thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”

问题1选项

A.didn’twatch

B.haven’twatched

C.haven’twatched

D.hadn’twatched

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。分析题干可知ifyou()thatlatemovielastnight是if引导的条件状语从句,从主句部分的wouldn’thavebeen可知此句是对过去事实的虚拟,因此从句部分应用had+过去分词形式,故选D项。句意:“哦,我太困了不能学习。”。“嗯,如果你昨晚没有观看那个晚场的电影的话,你不会如此困。”

3.单选题

()sentfromFloridaforallthechildreninCabinSix.

问题1选项

A.Acrateoforangeswere

B.Acrateoforangewere

C.Acrateoforangewas

D.Acrateoforangeswas

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。acrateof“一箱;一筐”。谓语动词的变化要看有多少crate,多于一箱的,谓语动词用复数;被修饰的名词的变化还要看这个名词是可数还是不可数,如果是不可数,谓语动词用单数;如果可数且为单/复数,则谓语动词对应的用单/复数。题中orange“橘子”为可数名词。句意:从佛罗里达寄来了一箱橘子给6号船舱的所有孩子。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,allthepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas(

)timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.conscientiously

C.spontaneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副词词义辨析。句意‘如果发生爆炸,飞机上所有的乘客都会丧命,因为这是一个随着飞机起飞会爆炸的定时炸弹。’B选项conscientiously意为“良心上”;C选项spontaneously意为“不由自主地”;D选项instantaneously意为“即刻,马上”,均与句意不符。根据本题的关键词timed可知是与时间有关,A项simultaneously意为“同时地”,符合语境,正确。

5.单选题

Sometimesartistsfindithardfortheirworktowinpopular().

问题1选项

A.welcome

B.applause

C.appetite

D.appreciation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项welcome“欢迎”;B选项applause“欢呼,喝彩”;C选项appetite“食欲,嗜好”;D选项appreciation“欣赏,鉴别”。句意:有时候,艺术家发现他们的作品很难赢得大众的欣赏。选项D符合语境。

6.单选题

Anewtechnique(),theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

问题1选项

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因为新技术已经解决,所以,整体的产量增长了20%。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后半句结构已经完整,因此前半句应用非谓语动词。此外,anewtechnique和workout之间是被动关系,因此,此处应该是过去分词做状语。因此C项正确。

7.单选题

Investorssaytheydonotknowwherethebottomis,makinginvestmentintheUSassetsparticularlyperilous.

问题1选项

A.clamorous

B.treacherous

C.ponderous

D.monstrous

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.clamorous喧嚷的B.treacherous不可信任的;有潜在危险的

C.ponderous慢条斯理的;笨拙的D.monstrous丑恶的;道德败坏的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】前半句提到“投资者表示,他们不知道投资的底部在哪里”,说明贸然投资是比较危险的,perilous表示“危险的”的意思,B项词义与之相近,故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】投资者表示,他们不知道投资的底部在哪里,这使得对美国资产的投资尤其危险。

8.翻译题

21世纪是一个将我们联系在一起的网络时代。无论我们愿意与否,我们的社会生活与经济生活已密不可分。我们意识到先进的电子网络使我们能够跨越时空限制,利用以前难以想象的商机。这个网络世界己开辟了一个崭新的创新发展的天地,把我们带入一个前所未有的网络智能吋代。这个网络智能新时代表明,我们可以将自己的知识和创造力结合起来,取得经济增长和社会发展的新突破。

【答案】The21stcenturyisanetworkagebindingustogether.Whetherwearereadyornot,oursociallifehasbeeninseparablefromeconomiclife.Andwerealizethattheadvancedelectricalnetworkcanmakeuscrossthetimeandspacelimitationstotakeadvantageofthepreviouslyunimaginablebusinessopportunity.Thenetworktimehasopenedupanewworldforinnovationanddevelopment,bringingusintoanunprecedentederaofnetworkintelligence.Thisnewageofnetworkintelligenceshowsthatwecancombineourknowledgeandcreativityandmakenewbreakthroughintheeconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.

9.单选题

It’swellknownthatthebrainisafood-guzzlinggreedyguts,consuming20%ofthebody’senergythoughitonly________2%ofitsweight.

问题1选项

A.accountsfor

B.contributesto

C.figuresout

D.makesupfor

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.accountsfor占……比例B.contributesto有助于,促成

C.figuresout想出,弄明白D.makesupfor补偿,弥补

【考查点】动词词组辨析。

【解题思路】though引导了一个让步状语从句,根据从句内容所得出的某种预期应与上文“consuming20%ofthebody’senergy(消耗着身体百分之二十的能量)”之间存在相反的逻辑关系,说明该预期应为“消耗的身体能量很少”。通常来说只有占了很多的身体重量,才会消耗更多的身体能量,由此可知从句部分所表达的应该是“只占很少的身体重量”。accountfor指组成或形成某物的一部分,因此A选项accountfor“占……比例”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项contributesto“有助于,促成”指作为促进某件事的因素,不能和“weight(体重)”进行搭配;

C选项figuresout“想出,弄明白”指通过思考理解某事物或找到解决办法,不符合题干的语义逻辑;

D选项makesupfor“补偿,弥补”指做出行动来纠正或改进某事物,不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】众所周知,大脑是一个狼吞虎咽的贪吃鬼,尽管它只占身体重量的百分之二,却消耗着身体百分之二十的能量。

10.单选题

Ifwefindthegenesthatcontrolthehumanbodyclock,wecanperhapsslowthemdownandextendhumanlife()alittle.

问题1选项

A.expectation

B.terminal

C.expectancy

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项expectation“希望,期望”,B选项terminal“航空站,终点站”,C选项expectancy“期待,期望”,D选项range“范围,变化”,句意:如果我们能找到控制人体生物钟的基因,我们或许就能放慢它们的速度,并稍微延长人类的寿命。因此,D选项符合句意。

11.不定项选择题

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeofthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernmentandthoseinhighposition.Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomenwhoareimmatureandgenerallyunreliable.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Freeunionalsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseoranyotherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,adefiningcharacteristicofpoorpeopleisthatthey________.

2.Theauthorusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Para.2)tosuggestthat________.

3.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements,theauthoris________.

4.Menandwomeninthecultureofpovertywhoavoidlegalizedmarriages________.

问题1选项

A.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

B.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

C.aresomewhatresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

问题2选项

A.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

B.forsomepeoplepovertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflife

C.poorpeopleshareacommonbackground

D.thereareseverallevelsandclassificationsofpoorpeople

问题3选项

A.predictinganuprisingbythepoor

B.citingareasonforeliminatingpoverty

C.criticizingthemotivesofpoliticians

D.alludingtoaparticularhistoricalevent

问题4选项

A.havepracticalandeconomicconsiderations

B.prefertobeindependent

C.cannotaffordtomarryandraiseafamily

D.donottrusteachotherlikehusbandandwife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.(低工资、长期失业和就业不足导致低收入、没有财产所有权、没有储蓄、家里没有粮食储备和长期现金短缺。)从这里可以看出B选项“穷人最典型的特点就是一直处在一种危机状态”正确;A选项“缺少进入体面工作的技能”;C选项“对自己的贫穷负有一定的责任”;D选项“隔绝于主流社会”文章都没有提及。

第2题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段话Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.(他们的文化和教育水平低,不是政党成员,一般不参加国家福利机构,很少使用银行、医院、百货商店和博物馆。)从这里可以看出答案选C“他们有着相同的背景”。其他选项A选项“穷人对自己的贫穷很自豪”;B选项“一些人的贫穷已经成为流行的生活方式”;D选项“穷人里面也有很多等级和区分”文章都没有提及。

第3题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段最后一句话Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.(这使得贫穷文化极有可能引发抗议并被某种政治运动利用来反对现在的社会秩序的。)由此可以推断答案选C选项“批判政治家的动机”。A选项“预测穷人的起义”;B选项“应用消除贫穷的原因”;D选项“暗指一个特定的历史事件”都不符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段第三句Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense(男人没有稳定的工作或其他收入来源,那些没有自己的财产,没有财富传给他们的孩子,面向现在和希望避免牺牲和因为法律原因难以参与正式的结婚和离婚,自由结合或双方同意的婚姻有更多意义)和最后一段第五句Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.(女性觉得双方自愿的结合给了她们更好的喘息机会;这给了她们一些男性所拥有的自由和灵活性。)所以答案选A“有一些实际和经济上的考虑”。B选项“更喜欢独立”和C选项“承担不起婚姻和养育家庭”有点片面只说出男性或者女性的原因;D选项“不信任对方成为妻子或者丈夫”,这个文章没有提及。

12.单选题

Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto()fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.

问题1选项

A.divert

B.change

C.convert

D.derive

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。divert“转移”;change“改变”;convert“使转变”;derive“源于”。根据空格处后面的“from…to…”可知是将资金从一个地方转到另一个地方,因此选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Thereareseveralmeans()latitudeandlongitude.

问题1选项

A.candetermine

B.todetermine

C.bythemcanbedetermined

D.weusethemtodetermine

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。分析句子可知,句中已经有谓语动词thereare,因此空格处的动词determine应用非谓语形式,四个选项中,只有B项是非谓语形式,故选B。句意:有几种方法可以确定纬度和经度。

14.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Rationally,weknowthatreadingisthefoundationstoneofalleducation,andthereforeanessentialunderpinningoftheknowledgeeconomy.Soreadingis-orshouldbe—anaspectofpublicpolicy.Butperhapsevenmoresignificantisitsemotionalroleasthestartingpointforindividualvoyagesofpersonaldevelopmentandpleasure.Bookscanhelpcreateandreinforceoursenseofself.

Ifreadingweretodeclinesignificantly,itwouldchangetheverynatureofourspecies.Ifwe,inthefuture,arenolongerwiredforsolitaryreflectionandcreativethought,wewillbediminished.Technologythrowsupasmanysolutionsasitdoeschallenges:foreverydooritcloses,anotheropens.Sotheability,offeredbydeviceslikee-readers,smartphonesandtablets,tocarryanentirelibraryinyourhandisanamazingopportunity.

【答案】从理性角度来讲,我们知道阅读是一切教育的基石,因此是知识经济的基本支撑。所以阅读是——或者应当是——公共政策的一个方面。但也许更重要的是它作为个人发展和快乐之旅的起点的情感作用。书籍可以帮助创造和加强我们的自我意识。

如果阅读能力显著下降,人类的天性也会发生变化。如果我们将来不再被自我反思和创造性的思想所束缚,我们将会逐渐消失。技术提出的解决方案与挑战一样多:每关上一扇门,另一扇门就会打开。因此,由阅读器、智能手机和平板电脑等设备提供的功能,可以实现将整个图书馆放在手中的绝好机会。

15.单选题

Janewasina______astowhethertomarryPaul,whowaspoorbuthandsome,orCharles,whowasrichbutugly.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.stigma

C.dilemma

D.predication

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项paradox“悖论,反论,似是而非的论点”,B项stigma“柱头,耻辱,污名”,C项dilemma“困境,进退两难,两刀论法”,D项predication“断定,声明”。由poorbuthandsome“贫穷但英俊”和richbutugly“富有但丑陋”可知,ina______表示“进退两难”。句意:简进退两难,不知是嫁给贫穷但英俊的保罗,还是嫁给富有但丑陋的查尔斯。因此,该题选择C项正确。

16.翻译题

Noyoungmanbelievesheshalleverdie.ThereisafeelingofEternityinyouth,whichmakesusamendsforeverything.TobeyoungistobeoneoftheImmortalGods.Onehalfoftimeindeedisflown-theotherhalfremainsinstoreforuswithallitscountlesstreasures;forthereisonlinedrawn,andweseenolimittoourhopesandwishes.Wemakethecomingageourown.“Thevast,theunboundedprospectliesbeforeus.”Welookroundinanewworld,fulloflife,andmotion,andceaselessprogress;andfeelinourselvesallthevigorandspirittokeeppacewithit,anddonotforeseefromanypresentsymptomshowweshallbeleftbehindinthenaturalcourseofthings,declineintooldage,anddropintothegrave.

【答案】没有年轻人相信自己会死去。青春有一种永恒的感觉,能弥补所有的一切。年轻就像不朽之神。诚然,生命的一半已经消逝,但蕴藏着不尽财富的另一半还有所保留,因为我们始终抱着无限的希望和愿望。未来的时代完全属于我们。“无限辽阔的远景在我们面前展现。”我们看到四周一派新天地——生机盎然,无限变换,日新月异;我们觉得自己充满活力,精神饱满,与梦想并驾齐驱。而且,眼前也无任何迹象可以证明,在大自然的发展过程中,我们自己也会落后,变得变老,进入坟墓。

17.单选题

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause(

).

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"(underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof(

问题1选项

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

问题2选项

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

问题3选项

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

问题4选项

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

问题5选项

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

问题6选项

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

问题7选项

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:B

【解析】1.由题干中的单词factor找到文章第一段:Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.这种强调有两个主要原因。首先,人们很早就发现,许多主要致幻剂的分子结构与血清素相似。此外,对服用迷幻药后的脑神经化学的动物研究总是报告血清素水平的变化。确定B选项‘5-羟色胺和致幻剂化学结构的相似性‘正确。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged为关键词,具有转折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue这一假设必须在周围组织上进行验证,由此可知答案为C选项’研究结果为反驳这一假设提供了证据‘正确。

3.该题为主旨概括题。文章第一句开篇点题,讲的是科学家对迷幻药的研究,并将研究目标集中于神经递质血清素,并得出了迷幻药对目标神经元的影响作用。所以C选项‘研究结果强烈表明,致幻药物通过作用于位于大脑目标神经元上的血清素受体来产生效果。‘正确。

4.由上题可知,文章主要是描述迷幻药对人的神经元的影响作用。并且回答了是怎么对人的神经产生影响的。选项A选项‘研究人员如何控制LSD对行为的影响?’文章没有提及。文章是对动物的实验,但并没有对比人与动物的区别,所以选项B‘动物对LSD的反应与人类有何不同?’排除。选项D‘什么技术进步能让研究人员更准确地预测LSD对行为的影响?’文章没有提到。所以排除法,选C。

5.该词出现在最后一段,Thatis后是对该词的解释。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.这与大脑血清素缺乏的动物吸收血清素的行为相同,表明LSD直接作用于血清素受体,而不是通过释放血清素来间接作用。所以确定A选项‘这一系列的行为,通常与给药血清素有关,当给大脑中血清素不足的动物注射LSD时也会发生‘正确。

6.最后两段,作者提出相反的假设,以证据证明假设。所以D选项‘总结假设背后的推理,提出支持假设的证据,描述反驳支持证据的研究。‘正确。

7.题干提问作者的态度。A选项‘完全同意’;B选项‘不支持‘;C选项‘不予考虑的’;D选项‘无关紧要的‘。文中第二段作者对早期的以Unfortunately和challenged语气进行了否定,接着在下文中论述,从而得出真正的结果。所以B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的,会感染的”;A选项spreading“扩散的”;B选项contemptible“可鄙的”;C选项contented“满足的,心安的”;D选项depressing“沉闷的,阴沉的”。句意:问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。

19.单选题

Ifyoucanconvincetheinterviewerofyourspecialqualifications,yourchanceofbeingacceptedwillbegreatlyenhanced.

问题1选项

A.appreciated

B.encouraged

C.frustrated

D.increased

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appreciated“欣赏”;B选项encouraged“鼓励”;C选项frustrated“挫败”;D选项increased“增强,提高”。句意:如果你能让面试官相信你有所专长,那么你被录用的机会就会大大增加。根据语境,D选项increased“增强,提高”搭配chance比较合理,并且和enhanced“增强”同义,符合题意。因此D选项正确。

20.单选题

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces()inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

问题1选项

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项precious表示“宝贵的,珍贵的”,B选项preferred表示“优先的,首选的”,C选项available表示“可获得的,有空的,可利用的”,D选项customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文关键信息“inadozenlanguages”可知,这些铭牌是可以用十几种语言表述出来的,因此,制作多种语言的铭牌是可实现的,能做到的。故本题正确答案为C选项。

21.单选题

Asurveyearlierthisyearfoundthatabout50percentofSouthAfricansthinkthat“most”or“almostall”governmentalofficialsareinvolvedin().

问题1选项

A.robbery

B.violation

C.corruption

D.stealing

【答案】C

【解析】robbery抢劫,盗窃;violation侵害;corruption贪污,腐败;stealing偷窃。句意:今年早些时候的一项调查发现,大约50%的南非人认为“大多数”或“几乎所有”政府官员都与腐败有关。选项C符合句意。

22.单选题

Ifthework-forcerespectedyou,youwouldn’tneedto()yourauthoritysooften.

问题1选项

A.affirm

B.restrain

C.assert

D.maintain

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。affirm“断言;肯定”;restrain“抑制”;assert“声称;坚持;维护”;maintain“保持”,根据respected“尊重”可知此处对应的是“维护权威”,表示维护权威或者捍卫权威是要用动词assert,故正确答案为选项C。句意为:如果工人们尊重你,你就不需要总是维护你的权威。

23.单选题

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent()music.

问题1选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。talentfor“天才;有……的天赋”,其他选项都没有这种搭配。句意:她在很小的时候就显示出音乐天赋。因此B选项正确。

24.单选题

MississippialsoupholdstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople;balmyyear-roundweatherandtruly()cuisine.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.horrible

C.amiable

D.delectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive“破坏性的”;horrible“可怕的”;amiable“亲切的”;delectable“美味的”。空格处用来修饰cuisine(烹饪)这个单词,前文是讲密西西比为什么这么出名,所以选项D符合题意。

25.单选题

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto()addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify表示“澄清,阐明”;B选项identify表示“确定,鉴定,识别”;C选项justify表示“证明合法,替……辩护”;D选项magnify表示“方大,赞美,夸大”。

由句意可知,购票者可以在网上购票平台确定附加费。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

26.单选题

Universitiesarefrequentlyjudgedonthebasisoftheaccomplishmentsoftheirprofessorsandscientists.Scientistswhopublish,therefore,bringprestigetotheircollegeoruniversity.

问题1选项

A.achievement

B.funding

C.wisdom

D.fame

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige表示“威望,声望,声誉”;A项achievement“成就,完成,达到”,B项funding“提供资金”,C项wisdom“智慧,才智,明智”,D项fame“名声,名望,传闻”。句意:人们常常根据教授和科学家的成就来评判大学;因此,发表论文的科学家会给他们的学院或大学带来声望。因此,根据句意可知D选项正确。

27.单选题

Sometimes,themessagesareconveyedthroughdeliberate,consciousgestures;othertimes,ourbodiestalkwithoutourevenknowing.

问题1选项

A.definite

B.intentional

C.delicate

D.interactive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。deliberate“故意的;深思熟虑的;从容的”;A选项definite“一定的;确切的”;B选项intentional“故意的;蓄意的;策划的”;C选项delicate“微妙的;精美的;柔和的;易碎的”;D选项interactive“交互式的;相互作用的”。句意:有时,信息是通过故意的、有意识的手势来传达的;其他时候,我们的身体在不知不觉中说话。根据句中“withoutourevenknowing在我们甚至不知晓的情况下”可知deliberate在这里的意思应为“故意的”,因此B选项正确。

28.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.

B.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.

C.Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.

D.Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.

问题2选项

A.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.

B.Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.

C.Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.

D.Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.

问题3选项

A.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.

B.Deprivationofworkers’creativity.

C.Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.

D.Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingTwo

Free-marketcapitalismhasn’tfreedus—ithastrappedus.It’simperativeforustoembraceawork-placerevolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn’tspendenoughofourlivesslavingawayatwork.[19]Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn’tspendwatchingourchildrengrow,orwithourlovedones,ortravelling,orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness.Unfortunately,theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek,welloverathirdofthetimeweareawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen:officeworkersdoaroundtwobillionhoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soitisextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestartedlookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays.

Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn’tfreedomatall:fromthelackofsecure,affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebt,theindividualistrapped.[20]Ninedecadesago,leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrisingproductivitywouldmeanthatwe’dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow:thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed.

Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom,particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplacehasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofourfreedomandpersonalautonomy.It’s

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