考研考博-英语-上海科学技术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海科学技术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou（）youneed.

问题1选项

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词复数形式。information是不可数名词，复数形式后面不能加s，所以B、D错误。allof后面接不可数名词时，名词前必须要有定冠词the，所以C错误。因此A选项alltheinformation正确。

2.单选题

Onceapoliticalsystemhasbeencorrupted,rightfromtheverytopleaderstothelowestranksofthegovernment,theproblemisverycomplicated.

问题1选项

A.spoiled

B.disintegrated

C.rotten

D.boiled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。corrupted表示“腐败的”。A项spoiled“溺爱的，破坏的”，B项disintegrated“分裂的，崩溃的”，C项rotten“腐烂的，堕落的”，D项boiled“煮沸的”；句意：一旦一个政治体系腐败，从最高领导人到最低级别的政府，问题就变得非常复杂。根据句意该题选C。

3.单选题

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

问题1选项

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A选项mayproperly“适当地”；B选项hadbetter“最好”；C选项shouldsurely“应该”；D选项mayprobably“也许可能”。句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词mayaswell“最好”，得知B为正确答案。

4.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

5.单选题

Thelate-summerwatersofthenorthernshorewere（

）chillyforthevacationerwhoadoredswimming.

问题1选项

A.seasonally

B.wonderfully

C.disappointingly

D.realistically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。seasonally“周期性地”；wonderfully“精彩地；极好地”；disappointingly“令人失望地”；realistically“现实地；逼真地”。句意：对喜欢游泳的度假者来说，北方海岸夏末的海水令人失望，因为那里很寒冷。由“chilly”可知寒冷的海水并不适合游泳，故C项“令人失望地”符合语境，C项正确。

6.单选题

Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.

3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof

（

）.

问题1选项

A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywant

B.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschool

C.relievingtheteacherfromroutineduties

D.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent

问题2选项

A.notdependonteachers

B.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching

C.placearenewedemphasisonscience

D.notorganizetheirinstruction

问题3选项

A.unknownfactors

B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducation

C.itsmisuse

D.itsnewnessintheschools

问题4选项

A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformation

B.providemanywaysofteachingthesamething

C.makelearningeasyandfun

D.providestudentswithenrollmentexam

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文第三句“Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.所有这些创新的目的是调整教学使之更加精确来适应每个学生的需要。”由此可知，作者最关心的是满足每个学生的需求。选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一句“Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.所有可用的教学资源，包括教师，可以共同努力，为最大限度地有效学习创造条件。”由此可推测，选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第七句“Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.他们（学生）中的许多人讨厌技术，但他们反对的通常是技术被用作处理大量学生的手段。”也就是说，大多数学生反对技术是因为技术被错误的使用，所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据原文后半部分“Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.它们（技术）可以通过各种判断把信息呈现给学生。它们可以给学生机会，以多种方式对事物作出反应。总之，学生的学习机会可以通过使用广泛的教学技术来增加和提高。”由此可知，只有选项D没有提及，所以本题选D。

7.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社会等级)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

问题1选项

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

问题2选项

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

问题3选项

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

问题4选项

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

问题5选项

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。），可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确，B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误，时尚也不会存在于原始社会，D选项“在原始社会，人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿，反过来，这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。），这里指的是社会精英，可知社会精英引领时尚，C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”，B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道，一种时尚一旦推出，就注定要灭亡。），可知时尚会消亡，也就不是真实的，D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确，A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”：上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群，不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”：根据文章倒数第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（没有领导为运动提供有意识的方向），可知不符合文章内容。B选项“最终会发展成一个社会组织”和D选项“有一系列符号和价值”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人们自愿参加时尚运动，是对时尚强加给他们有趣而有力控制的一种响应。），可知时尚运动是一种对时尚的回应，他们通过时尚运动这种行为表达了对时尚的态度，B选项“是一种表达行为”正确。A选项“其功能与特定的社会运动相同”：根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），可知时尚运动和其他社会运动没有相同之处。C选项“可以提高参与者的士气”：根据第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他们没有树立起士气。），可知时尚运动不能提高士气。D选项“对人群行为的方式有很大的贡献”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The（1）betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople

（2）

andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.

ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"

（3）

tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson

（4）

istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This

（5）

thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可调和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare

（

6）

misunderstandings.

Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies

（7）

suchcourtesies,butshe

（8

）

andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady

（9）

inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.

（10）

you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

（11）

ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.

Curiously,ithasneverbeen

（12）

toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling

（13）

:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”

Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)

（14）

codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout

（15）

acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.

问题1选项

A.instinct

B.distinction

C.intuition

D.similarity

问题2选项

A.resume

B.perform

C.assume

D.conduct

问题3选项

A.approach

B.way

C.road

D.means

问题4选项

A.enoughwell

B.enoughgood

C.goodenough

D.wellenough

问题5选项

A.approves

B.denies

C.supports

D.disagrees

问题6选项

A.nomorethan

B.notmorethan

C.abitmorethan

D.muchmorethan

问题7选项

A.dislike

B.appreciate

C.thank

D.approve

问题8选项

A.turnsout

B.turnsup

C.turnsaround

D.looksaround

问题9选项

A.offering

B.offers

C.offered

D.offer

问题10选项

A.Mind

B.Warn

C.Beware

D.Notice

问题11选项

A.doing

B.assuming

C.trying

D.operating

问题12选项

A.harder

B.easier

C.worse

D.better

问题13选项

A.friendly

B.terrible

C.disgusting

D.hostile

问题14选项

A.natural

B.artificial

C.unnatural

D.artistic

问题15选项

A.superficially

B.profoundly

C.commonly

D.individually

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:B

第15题:C

【解析】1.考察名词词义辨析。instinct“本能”，distinction“区别”，intuition“直觉”；similarity“相似”。根据后面blur（模糊）这个词可知此处讲述的是“美德”与“礼貌”之间的“区别”已经被模糊化，因此选项B符合题意。

2.考察动词词义辨析。resume“重新开始，继续，恢复”；perform“执行；完成；表演”；assume“假定；设想”；conduct“组织，实施；表现”。Mostpeople____在此处是个插入语，空格处所在句子的大意是：你需要的只是一颗善良的新，大部分人设想，剩下的事情会自己解决。选项C符合题意。

3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思，但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均为“做某事的方法”，根据横线后是名词判断答案是A。

4.考察语法结构。考察enough的用法以及good/well的区别。good是形容词，well为副词。enough修饰形容词或副词时，应置于其后。根据前文动词know，可知空格处应该填入一个副词，因此选项D符合题意。

5.考察动词词义辨析。approve“批准；赞成；满意”；deny“否认”；support“支持”，disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人类唯一的问题是沟通问题”（theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem）,后文提到“这些差异都是误解”（allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding）,说明导致沟通问题的原因只是因为误解，而不是哲学、政治、或者宗教这些层面的差异，所以空格处填入“否认”这个词符合题意，选项B符合。

6.考察词组辨析。nomorethan“仅仅，只是”；notmorethan“不超过，至多”；abitmore“多一点”；muchmorethan“更加，多得多”。根据前文可知“这些禅意仅仅是因为误解”，选项A符合题意。

7.考察动词词义辨析。dislike“不喜欢”；appreciate“欣赏”；thank“感谢”；approve“批准，赞成”。空格处所在句子的大意为：绅士为女士开门是因为他的母亲告诉他女士___这样的行为，根据常识，可知是“欣赏这样的行为”，选项B符合题意。

8.考察词组辨析。turnout“证明是，结果是”;turnup“出现；发生；开大”；turnaround“转身”；lookaround“四处看”,根据并列连词but可知此句与上文是转折关系，那位女士并没有欣赏他的行为，而是转身给他一个白眼，选项C符合题意。

9.考察主谓一致。根据andliegivesher…，可知空格处的谓语动词也应该是一般现在时，主语为ayounggirl，所以动词用第三人称单数，选项B符合题意。

10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口语，意思是“请注意”。选项A符合题意。

11.考察动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的大意是：唯一的问题是他们在不同的礼仪体系进行操作。选项D符合题意。

12.考察上下文逻辑。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently，此处intentionally“故意地”可知此处应是与这一句意思相反，因此选项A符合题意。

13.考察形容词词义辨析。friendly“友好地”；terrible“糟糕的”；disgusting“令人厌恶的”；hostile“怀有敌意的；敌对的”。根据前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感觉很糟糕，所以选项B符合题意。

14.考察形容词词义辨析。natural“自然的”；artificial“人造的，人为的”；unnatural“不自然的”；artistic“艺术的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公认的语义和语法规则”可知填artificial表示“人为的”符合文意。

15.考察副词词义辨析。superficially“表面地”；profoundly“深刻地”；commonly“一般地”；individually“个别地”。空格处所在句子的大意为：他们能使用一种不被大众接受的语义和语法规则。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

问题1选项

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。fellshortof达不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是词组。句意：他很聪明,但达不到管理职位的要求。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Thestormsweepingoverthispartofthecountryissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

问题1选项

A.rarity

B.preliminary

C.inefficiency

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rarity“罕见，珍贵”；preliminary“初步行动；准备工作”；inefficiency“效率低；无效率”；invalidity“无效，无价值。”“被暴风雨袭击”与“蔬菜”之间的关系是前者会造成后者短缺，因此选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”，preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”，andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,andthefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting一alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”一has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightWadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-90sequivalentofdroppingout.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.

Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid-90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife_growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.

1.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting（

）.

3.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby（

）.

4.Theword“it”inthefirstsentenceofparagraphthreerefersto（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof（

）.

问题1选项

A.full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend

B.thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob

C.“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment

D.thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily

问题2选项

A.enableshertorealizeherdream

B.helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife

C.promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus

D.leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine

问题3选项

A.non-materialisticlifestyle

B.abitofeverything.

C.extremestress

D.anti-consumerism

问题4选项

A.stress

B.doctrine

C.thealternativemove

D.downshifting

问题5选项

A.thequickpaceofmodemlife

B.man’sadventurousspirit

C.man’ssearchformythicalexperiences

D.theeconomicsituation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。第一段:Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”(一次平行的调动伤了我的自尊，并阻碍了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，就像颜面扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰自己的离开，以“我想花更多的时间与家人待在一起”为借口),因此推测作者是“被迫离开”。故选B。

2.细节题。根据题干定位至第二段,作者说到:我被美国人所说的“放慢生活节奏”的实验，把我老掉牙的借口变成了一个绝对的现实。在过去的七年里，琳达•凯尔西（LindaKelsey）在《她》杂志上宣扬的“拥有一切”哲学让我从一个充满激情的倡导者转变为乐于接受任何东西，凡事只要一丁点的女人。因此B项(帮助她塑造一种新的人生哲学)正确。

3.语义题。根据题干定位至第三段文中提到放弃“juggling

yourlife”的生活哲学，转而过一种“downshifting”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。“jugglingyourlife”和“downshifting”相对立。根据第四段，“downshifting”本文指“过于简朴、自在的生活”，那么“jugglingone’slife”当指“紧张的生活方式”。

4.语义题。It所在句子为:andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus(转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值),故选D。

5.细节题。题干问的是downshifting”的生活方式出现在美国的原因。根据最后两段得知,在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应。

12.单选题

ThisAfricancountryhasbeen（）bycivilwar,famineandfloodfordecades.

问题1选项

A.afflicted

B.conflicted

C.despaired

D.inclined

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼”；B选项conflict表示“冲突，矛盾；争执；斗争”；C选项despair表示“绝望，丧失信心”；D选项incline表示“倾向于，有……倾向”。根据关键词“civilwar,famineandflood（内战、饥荒和洪水）”可知，这个非洲国家一直饱受这些灾害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

13.单选题

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

问题1选项

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。状语从句的主语是康德，可知主句应为表示“人”的代词，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C选项。句意：康德认为说谎是“人的尊严的丧失”，认为反对说谎的规则是绝对的，但很少有人否认诚实这一道德准则不得不受制于环境。此处用双重否定表示肯定。因此B选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Asisknowntoall,avaguelawisalways（）todifferentinterpretations.

问题1选项

A.invulnerable

B.immune

C.resistant

D.susce