考研考博-英语-内蒙古师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

问题1选项

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们希望他能够履行诺言。

考查短语辨析。carryoff夺去，获得;carryout贯彻,执行;carrythrough贯彻,完成;carryabout随身携带。故B符合句意。

2.单选题

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatuses,andallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoose,styleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefamerorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoice,amongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses（）.

3.Theword"appraisal"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto（）.

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefarmerorthatofaHinduprince”(Para.3),thewritermeans（）.

问题1选项

A.makefriendswithotherpeople

B.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

问题2选项

A.inordertobetteridentifyothers

B.astheirmentalprocesseschange

C.asthesituationchange

D.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

问题3选项

A.involvement

B.assessment

C.appreciation

D.presentation

问题4选项

A.constantmentalprocess

B.selectingone’sownstatus

C.curiosityofotherpeople'sstatuses

D.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

问题5选项

A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited

D.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段首句“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe‘fit’insociety.地位是人类不可思议的发明，它使我们能够彼此和睦相处,并决定我们在社会中‘适当的’位置。”也就是说，在与他人相处时举止得体，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的一二句“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人而变化，并且在一生中不断变化。我们大多数人都能以非常快的速度假定各种情况所需要的状态。”也就是说，人们所假定的身份随着外部环境的改变而发生改变。选项C符合原文。

3.语义推断题。A选项involvement“牵连，包含”；B选项assessment“评定，估价”；C选项appreciation“欣赏，鉴别”；D选项presentation“描述，介绍”。根据原文句意：这意味着我们的行为与其他人的行为相适应是建立在对他人的评价和解释这种持续的心理过程之上的。由此可知，appraisal指评估，判断，所以选项B与之意思相近。

4.判断推理题。根据第二段的最后一句话可知，这里的it指的是前半句提到的“thetask”，而“thetask”指代的是上文提到的fitouractionstothoseofotherpeople。所以选项D符合原文。

5.作者意图题。结合原文内容可知，作者通过将身份比作衣服，说明身份像衣服一样，受到社会的限制，选择的范围有限。所以选项C正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

3.单选题

Jamesisquite（）withthecustomsandlanguagesofthepeopleinthatpartofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.knowledgeable

B.common

C.aware

D.familiar

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeable“博学的”;common“普遍的”;aware“意识到的”;familiar“熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管体育运动在Joe的家庭中占主导地位，但是当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时，他会放弃体育运动。

考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没，受打击，覆盖；affect影响，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影响。根据后半句句意“当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时，他会放弃体育运动”以及转折连词although可知，C符合句意。

5.单选题

Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.

问题1选项

A.projects

B.shows

C.displays

D.rates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项projects“计划；设计”；B选项shows“展示，表演”；C选项displays“显示”；D选项rates“比率；等级”。句意：他在过去五十年最好的赛车比赛中名列前茅。结合此处关键短语thebestcarracing（最好的赛车比赛），B，C选项意思相近可以排除，A选项projects（设计）也可排除，D选项rates（等级）最符合词义。

6.单选题

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

问题1选项

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我们停止砍伐热带雨林的吋候了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.为固定句式,表示“是吋候某人该做某事了”,故排除C，D。B项为“必须,不得不”的过去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潜在的含义有“必须”的意思,故排除。因此答案选A。

7.单选题

Sincethetownspeopleweresodissatisfied,variousmethodsto（

）thesituationweredebated.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.tolerate

C.clarify

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。alleviate“减轻，缓和”；tolerate“忍受，容忍”；clarify“使（头脑、神智等）清醒，澄清”；intensify“增强，増加”；根据句意‘因为小镇居民极其不满，所以讨论了各种（

）形势的方案。’确定A选项“减轻，缓和”符合题意。

8.单选题

Evidencecameup（

）specificsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

问题1选项

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whose

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。通过分析句子可知，后面specificsoundsarerecognized…是对前面的evidence的解释说明，是同位语，并且是个完整的句子，所以此处用that来引导这个同位语从句。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

问题1选项

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相当于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小说所代入的世界所吸引。故D项正确。

10.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,参加;assigning指派,分配;involving牵涉,使参与;consenting允许,赞成。句意：世界银行1994年的一份报告得出结论：招收女童入学可能是当今发展中世界最有效的反贫困政策。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

()beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfultimetogether.

问题1选项

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句为混合虚拟语气。从句部分有表示将来的时间词thedayaftertomorrow，因此用wereto的形式。虚拟条件句中如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略，将这三个词移到从句句首位置，并倒装。Itisabouttimethat是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反，that从句的谓语用一般过去时。因此D选项符合题意。

12.翻译题

Loveisofthreevarieties:unselfish,mutualandordinaryorselfish.Unselfishloveisofthehighestkind.Here,theonewholovesseeksonlythewelfareofthebelovedanddoesnotcarewhetherhesufferspainsandhardshipsthereby.Thesecondkindofloveismutualloveinwhichtheonewholovesdesiresnotonlythehappinessofhisbeloved,buthasaneyetohisownhappinessalso.Selfishloveisthelowest.Itmakesamancareonlyforhisownhappinesswithouthavinganyregardforthefeelingofthebeloved.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】爱分为三种：无私的，相互的，平凡或自私的。无私的爱境界最高。在这种爱里，爱人只希望被爱的人幸福并且不在意自己是否会经受痛苦和磨难。第二种是相互的爱，在这种爱里，爱人不仅渴望自己被爱的人获得幸福，并且希望自己也能快乐。自私的爱是最低级的一种爱。这种爱让人只关注自己的幸福，而不会关心被爱人的感受。

13.单选题

WhenColumbus（）Americain1492,thecontinentsmayhavebeenpeopledbyasmanyastwenty-fivemillionIndians.

问题1选项

A.whodiscovered

B.discovering

C.discovered

D.todiscover

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当哥伦布于1492年（）美洲大陆时，这块大陆上居住着多达2500万印第安人。通过题干可知哥伦布发现美洲大陆是在1492年，是一个已经发生的事，因此C选项discovered表示过去符合题意。A选项是定语从句，这个句子中不需要定语从句；B选项表示正在进行；D选项表示将来。

14.单选题

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecast,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.faint

B.dizzy

C.gloomy

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faint“模糊的；头晕的；虚弱的”；B选项dizzy“眩晕的；昏乱的；心不在焉的”；C选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的”；D选项opaque“不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的”。句意：尽管有……经济预测，但制造业产出略有上升。既然句中有转折关系，说明前半部分的经济预测是负面的，四个选项中只有C选项符合语境，表示“令人沮丧的经济预测”。

15.单选题

Televisionhasbecomesuchapopularinformationmediumthat（）.

问题1选项

A.alotofmagazinesandnewspapershavegonebroke

B.loadsofmagazinesandnewspaperscannotcompetewell

C.manymagazinesandnewspapersdonotgetreadbyverymanypeopleanymore

D.manymagazinesandnewspapershavelostmostoftheirreaders

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。题干句意为：电视已经成为这样一种受欢迎的信息媒介以至于……。题干用的是现在完成时，因此空格处也应该用现在完成时，表示对现在的影响。故排除B和C。而A项“许多杂志和报纸破产了”过于绝对，因此无论从句意还是从时态上来说，D项“许多杂志和报纸失去了大部分读者”正确。

16.单选题

Wecan______withalotofunhappinessbyuncoveringanddiscardingthebeliefsthatfuelit.

问题1选项

A.dispose

B.dispense

C.dismiss

D.dispute

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项dispose“处理；安排”，不与with连用；B选项dispense“分配；分发”，dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”；C选项dismiss“不予考虑；去除”，dismisswith“用……去除”；D选项dispute“争论”disputewith“与……辩论”。句意：我们可以通过揭露和抛弃加剧不快乐的信仰来______很多不快乐。根据语境，这里指去除不快乐的感受，所以B选项dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.

WritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes23-27onyourAnswerSheet.

1.Adevelopedsystemofnumbering（）.

2.Anadditionalhandsignal（）.

3.Inseventh-centuryEurope,theabilitytocounttoacertainnumber（）.

4.Thinkingaboutnumbersasconceptsseparatefromphysicalobjects（）.

5.Expressingnumberdifferentlyaccordingtoclassofitem（）.

问题1选项

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

问题2选项

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

问题3选项

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

问题4选项

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

问题5选项

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:E

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:G

【解析】1.根据文章第二段，“Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.”，可知当他们开始定居、种植植物和放牧动物时，对复杂的数字系统的需求变得至关重要。可判断出一种发达的数字系统对于开始农作的人们来说是非常有必要的。选项B符合题意。

2.根据文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在实际情况中，数字和单词往往伴随着手势，以帮助解决任何困惑。可判断出额外的手势信号也是有必要的，当数字有限时，可以帮助解除困惑。根据文章第四段，“Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.”，可知在数字单词和表达有限的情况可追溯到欧洲的语言的早期版本。可判断出当数字单词的范围被限制时，可以使用手势信号，这种情况可以追溯到早期的欧洲语言。选项E符合题意。

3.根据文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!”，可知七世纪欧洲的普通人对数字并不像我们今天这样熟悉。事实上，要想成为法庭上的证人，一个人必须能够数到九。可判断出在七世纪的欧洲，一定的数数能力是履行公民角色的必要条件。选项A符合题意。

4.根据文章第五段，“Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.”，可知当数字4在大脑中被看作一个独立于引用对象的特定概念时，就迈出了发展数字符号系统的第一步，然后开始发展成为算术。可判断出把数字看作是独立于物理对象的概念对于算术的发展是必要的。选项C符合题意。

5.根据文章第六段，“Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted.”，可知今天，我们可以在几种现存的语言中看到记数发展的最初阶段的痕迹。不列颠哥伦比亚省的Tsimshian语言的记数系统包含7组不同的单词，根据被计数物品的类别来表示数字。可判断出根据物体类别不同而用不同的数字表示是早期记数系统的一个特点。选项G符合题意。

18.单选题

Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily（）itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.

问题1选项

A.byforceof

B.byrightof

C.bydintof

D.withtheassistanceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项byforceof“用…的手段”；B选项byrightof“凭借，由于”，多指凭借权利；C选项bydintof“用，凭借”，多指凭借某一事物；D选项withtheassistanceof“在…的援助下”。句意：微软多年来一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，这主要是凭借其对Windows的所有权和发展。Windows是个人电脑应用程序的通用平台。这里凭借的是Windows这一事物而不是权利，所以选项C正确。

19.单选题

“Hello,Bob,Ididn’tknowyou（）jogging.”“Oh,yesGeorge,I’vebeendoingitforoveramonthnow.”

问题1选项

A.wentfor

B.wentout

C.wentonwith

D.wentinfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项wentfor“去找，被认为，主张，拥护，努力获取”；B选项wentout“出去，熄灭，过时”；C选项wentonwith“继续，进行，暂时使用”；D选项wentinfor“爱好，参与，从事，追求，赞成”。句意：“你好，鲍勃，我不知道你（）慢跑。”“噢，是的，乔治，我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出，提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”，因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofthebuilding.

问题1选项

A.subside

B.idealize

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。Subside平息，减退；idealize使理想化；initiate开始，发起；sustain支撑，支持。句意:根据句中collapsed判定空格应填入与strong同向的词。选项中，sustain支撑，支持。句意：建筑物倒塌因为地基不够牢固，无法（）它的重量。选项D符合句意。

21.案例题

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction（本能反应）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

1.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout（）

2.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby（）

3.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe（）toherandofferanalternativesolution.

4.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto（）

5.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid

（）

【答案】1.whatisinyourboss'mind

2.challengingourboss'sauthority

3.possibleconsequences

4.beproposedandreviewed

5.confrontations

【解析】1.根据第三段的第二句“Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.”。

2.根据第三段的第三句“Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.”。

3.根据第三段的最后两句“Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.”。

4.根据第五段的第二句“First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.”。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句“youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.”。

22.单选题

InthewakeoftheSept.11attacks,manyAmericansfeelwemaybegintoseetheerosionofsomeofourcivilliberties.Thereisconcernwemaybesubjecttopersonalsearchesandincreasedmonitoringofouractivities,allinthenameofsafetyandsecurity.Onthecomputingfront,Iwouldarguethatwealreadyhavehadtosurrendermanyofourlibertiestoprotectourselvesfromcomputervirusesandothersecuritybreaches.

Asmuchasvendorsandnetworkadministratorstrytomakescanningforvirusesanunobtrusiveprocessfortheenduser,westillareinconveniencedbytheroutinesmandatedbytheguardiansofourcorporatecomputingsecurity.However,inconveniencetakesabackseattotheoutrightneedforsecurity.Virusesaremorethaninconvenient;theycauserealdamage.ComputerEconomicsestimatesthecostofvirusattacksoninformationsystemsaroundtheworld,includingcleanupcostsandlostproductivity,hasalreadyreached$10.7billionsofarthisyear.Comparethatfigurewith$17.1billionforallof2000and$12.1billionfor1999.

Iknowyou’rethinking:“I’monlyoneperson.HowcanIspendthenecessarytimetosafeguardmycompanyagainstvirusesandsecurityholesandstilldomyregularjob?”

Realistically,youcan’t.Butthereareresourcestohelpyou.

MicrosofthasjustannouncedanewinitiativecalledtheStrategicTechnologyProtectionProgram.AmongtheservicesbeingofferedaretreetechnicalsupportrelatedtovirusesandasecuritytoolkitthatincludespatchesandservicepacksthataddresssecurityvulnerabilitiesinWindowsNTand2000.

TheFBIandSANSInstitutehavejustreleasedtheirtop20listofthemostcriticalInternetsecurityvulnerabilities.ThemajorityofsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystemsviatheInternetcanbetracedtoexploitationofsecurityflawsonthislist.Studythelistat.

TheCenterforInternetSecurityprovidesmethodsandtoolstoimprovemonitorandcomparethesecuritystatusofyourInternet-connectedsystems.Findouthowtobenchmarkyourorganization’sstatusat.

SoftwarevendorssuchasNetworkAssociates,SymantecandComputerAssociateshaveveryinformativevirusresourcecenters.TheSymantecAntiVirusResearchCenter(www.S/avcenter)hasanonlinenewsletterandin-depthinformationaboutviruses.Likewise,theCAVirusInformationCenterofferstipsonmanagingvirusincidentsandprotectingmessagingsystems.

Justlikeournationaldefense,thebestprotectionagainstadebilitatingvirusattackisknowledgeofthevulnerabilitiesandthemeanstoplugthesecurityholes.Beproactiveandvigilant,andmakeuseofthenumerousresourcesatyourdisposal.

1.Thewriterseemstofeelthat（）.

2.Thetwofigures"$17.1billion”and“$12.1billion”arementionedforthereadersto（）.

3.Toobtaindetailedinformationaboutviruses，wecanresortto（）.

4.Bysimplycheckingthetop20list，wemay（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.theconcernabouttheerosionoflibertiesisunnecessary

B.theroutinescanningofvirusescausesmuchinconveniencetoendusers

C.theneedforcomputingsecuritymakesinconveniencetolerable

D.libertycanbeguaranteedonlyifsecurityisachievedfirst

问题2选项

A.makesenseofthedamagesthathavebeendonesofarthisyear

B.seethedecreaseofthecostofvirusattacks

C.calculatethecostofvirusattacksfortheyear2001

D.paymoreattentiontoanti-virusresources

问题3选项

A.theStrategicTechnologyProtectionProgram

B.

C.

D.www.S

问题4选项

A.obtainapictureofmajorsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystems

B.identifyapossiblesecurityholeinourcomputersystems

C.improvethesecuritystatusofourcomputersystems

D.protectourcomputersystemsfromvirusattacks

问题5选项

A.TheAftermathofSept.11

B.LibertyvsSecurity

C.StrategiesforBattlingVirus

D.VirusAttack—AnotherFormofSept11

【答案】第1题:D