考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学徐海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学徐海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%，但与之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

2.单选题

Asupermarket______itsstockveryrapidly.

问题1选项

A.turnsover

B.turnsout

C.turnsoff

D.turnsin

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项turnover“移交给，翻阅，周转”，B项turnout“发生，最后证明是”，C项turnoff“关掉，拐弯”，D项turnin“上交，归还”。根据关键词supermarket（超市）和stock（货物）可推断，空格处应该表示“周转”的意思，四个选项中只有A选项能表达出句子的意思。句意：超级市场的存货周转很快。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

问题1选项

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。

句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。

4.单选题

Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

问题1选项

A.hadinterrupted

B.wouldhaveinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.tointerrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去完成时。由thatevening可知此处表示过去的时间点完成的某种动作，应该用过去完成时，选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways（）.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的；经济学的”；B选项costly“昂贵的；代价高的”；C选项expensive“昂贵的”；D选项thrifty“节检的；节约的”。句意：在我眼里，老一辈总是……的。关键词theoldgeneration老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。故选D。

6.单选题

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：Tony丝毫没有放弃其研究工作的打算。选项A符合语境。

7.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主义的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推断,作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮,实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知,工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业,他们焦虑也因为他们不能获得任何有趣的生活和真正的满足,但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,选项D他们被剥夺了个性和独立性,符合原文,所以选D。

3.判断推理题。根据原文以及题干可知,作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中,只有远离了竞争激烈的社会,才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项A正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建议改变我们的社会制度形式，……在这种社会安排中，人及其全部的爱和理性的潜能的充分发展是社会安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分发挥人的潜能的建议来解决当前的社会问题，选项C符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据文章内容可知,作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义,所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。

8.单选题

Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.

Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”

Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”

1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto（）.

2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted（）.

3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

问题1选项

A.implantembryointoahostanimal

B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas

C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction

D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit

问题2选项

A.essentiallynew

B.pioneering

C.evolutionary

D.epoch-making

问题3选项

A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.

B.Lackofhostanimals.

C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.

D.Lackoffunds.

问题4选项

A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForever

B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas

C.China’sFirstClonedPanda

D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“aim”可以定位到文章第三段Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.（诺亚方舟的目标是收集濒危动物的卵子、胚胎、精液和DNA，并将它们储存在液氮中。如果某些物种灭绝，克雷默说，未来将会有足够的基本构件来重新引入这个物种。），说明诺亚方舟项目的目标是拯救濒危动物。因此C选项“拯救濒临灭绝的动物”正确。由A选项关键词“implantembryo”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.（他们现在正试图将胚胎植入宿主动物体内。），这是中国科学家的做法，不是诺亚方舟项目的目标，所以A选项“将胚胎植入宿主动物体内”错误。由B选项关键词“salute”可以定位到文章第二段第一句hesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.（他对中国的努力表示敬意，并说“我祝愿他们取得最好的成功。”），这是克雷默博士对中国拯救大熊猫努力的态度，而不是诺亚方舟项目的目标，所以B选项“向中国拯救大熊猫的努力致敬”错误。由D选项关键词“introducecells”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.（中国科学家表示，他们将一只死去的雌性熊猫的细胞引入一只日本白兔的卵细胞中，培育出了一个胚胎。），这是中国科学家的做法，不是诺亚方舟项目的目标，所以D选项“将死亡雌性熊猫的细胞导入日本白兔的卵细胞”错误。

2.语义推测题。由题干关键词“groundbreaking”可以定位到文章第七段第三句Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.（这需要很长时间，也很困难，但如果成功的话，这可能将会成为科学史上的开拓。），这是科学上的一次开创性举措，因此B选项“首创的；先驱的”正确。A选项“本质上新的”，C选项“进化的”，D选项“划时代的”均没有开创、先驱的意思，所以A，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。根据题干关键词“majorproblem”可以定位到文章第七段第一句“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.（克雷默认为：“将一个物种的细胞核移植到另一个物种并不容易，而且缺乏可用的熊猫卵子可能是一个主要问题。”）说明克隆大熊猫的主要问题是缺乏熊猫的卵子。因此A选项“缺少可用的熊猫卵子”正确。B选项“缺乏宿主动物”，C选项“缺乏合格的研究人员”，D选项“缺乏资金”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要围绕中国开展的克隆大熊猫的项目展开，首先说到中国克隆大熊猫的努力和诺亚方舟项目很相似，接着介绍了中国尝试克隆大熊猫的具体举措，最后说到这项研究是很值得、很有必要的。因此B选项“中国克隆大熊猫的努力”最适合作为文章的标题。A选项“中国——熊猫的故乡”没有说到中国正在努力克隆熊猫，所以A错误。C选项“中国第一只克隆熊猫”，中国现在还没有成功克隆出熊猫，所以C错误。D选项“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”没有提到中国做出的努力，所以D错误。

9.单选题

ComparingwithotherAsiancountries,Chinasuffersfromthegreatestgapbetweenitsdevelopmentneedsanditsactualwaterresources.

问题1选项

A.Comparingwithother

B.from

C.gapbetweenits

D.itsactualwaterresources

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】语法错误。考查非谓语动词。Comparingwithother改为Comparedwithother,当表示被动时，非谓语动词需用过去分词的形式。

10.单选题

Thepersonneloforgansofstatemustbe（）bythemasses.

问题1选项

A.stimulated

B.jeopardized

C.supervised

D.escorted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stimulated“促进；激发”；B选项jeopardized“危害；使受危困”；C选项supervised“监督”；D选项escorted“护送”。句意：国家机构的全体人员必须接受民众的……。句中的施动者是themasses“民众”，承受者是Thepersonneloforgansofstate“国家机构的全体人员”，国家机构的全体人员接受人民监督是坚持执政为民、坚持依法行政的重要保证。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

—Hehas（）littletimeforreading.

—Ihaveneverseen（）littleboxes.

问题1选项

A.such;so

B.so;so

C.so;such

D.such;sucha

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——他读书的时间少得可怜。

——我从未见过那样小的盒子。

考查副词辨析。用solittle还是suchlittle取决于little的意思：表示数量方面的“少”，则用solittle;表示形状体积的“小”，则用suchlittle.即，句中若出现little（少），much,many,few必须用so,因此，第一句中的little是指“少”，故用so;第二句中的little是形容体积的“小”，故用such。

12.翻译题

In1924,aMexicanphilosopherwroteabookdreamingofthepossibilitythat,inthefuture,allracesontheplanetwouldmergeintoonetypeofman.ThisofmanisbeingborneinLosAngeles,intheculturalsenseifnottheanthropological(a.人类学的)sense.Avastmosaic(n.拼盘)ofdifferentraces,cultures,religions,andmoralhabitsareworkingtowardonecommonaim.Fromtheperspectiveofaworldsubmergedinreligious,ethnic,andracialconflict,thisharmoniouscooperationissomethingunbelievable.Itistrulystriking.

Whatiscommonaimthatharmonizescompetingculturesinoneplace?

Itisnotonlythebetterlivingstandard.WhatattractsimmigrantstoAmericaistheessentialcharacteristicofAmericanculture:thechancetotry.Thereisacombinationoftwothingsthatareimportant:cultureandspace.Thecultureallowsyoutotrytobesomebody——tofindyourself,yourplace,yourstatus.Andthereisspacenotonlyinageographicalsense,butinthesenseofopportunity,ofsocialmobility.Insocietiesthatareincrisisorarestagnant(a.停滞的)——orevenarestable——thereisnochancetotry.

IftheimmigranttoAmericaatfirstfails,healwaysthinks,“Iwilltryagain.”Ifhehadfailedintheoldsociety,hewouldbediscouragedandpessimistic,acceptingtheplacethatwasgiventohim.InAmerica,he’sthinking,“Iwillhaveanotherchance,Iwilltryagain.”Thatkeepshimgoing.He'sfullofhope.

【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。

使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？

目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地——去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中——甚至在那些稳定的社会中——没有尝试的机会。

如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。

13.单选题

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

问题1选项

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机，它是一个可选的附加设备。

考查形容词辨析。excessive过多的；过分的；optional可选择的：随意的；additional附加的；额外的：arbitrary武断的；专制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机”可知，B项正确。

15.单选题

Astatementfromthegovernmentneedstobemadeto（）themisunderstandingresultingfromtherumors.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.illuminate

C.refine

D.decompose

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:clarify“使澄清；清楚”；B:illuminate“照明；阐明”；C:refine“提炼；改善；使高雅”；D:decompose“（使）（死去的动植物）腐烂”。句意：政府的声明需要澄清因谣言产生的误解。根据“misunderstanding误解”可知A能构成动宾搭配，故A为正确答案。

16.翻译题

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中国有5000多年的历史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

历史上，中国在短期内被划分为多个部分，并且不同的区域由不同的群体管辖。

从公元前21世纪的夏朝开始至清朝结束，中国历史上经历过几十个朝代的变更。

每个朝代在政治、经济、文化和科学技术等领域都有独特的成就。

汉朝是当时世界上最先进的帝国,“汉族”这一名称就得名于汉朝。

唐朝因统一时间长、国力强盛而被国人铭记，因此在海外的中国人自称为“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是经济、文化、教育与科学高度繁荣的时代。

但朝代的更替一般会导致连年战争，给人民大众带来了难以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛泽东宣布中华人民共和国的成立。

毛泽东思想作为中国共产党的政治和军事指导思想被广泛应用。

17.单选题

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.

Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.

（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecovered

withahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.

（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

（5）.

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.

问题1选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题2选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题3选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题4选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题5选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethe