考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Activistparentssayschoolkidsaren't_______enoughtounderstandthatafruit-flavoredsoftdrinkdoesn'thavethenutritionalbenefitsofrealfruit.

问题1选项

A.adulterated

B.mingled

C.sophisticated

D.refined

【答案】C

【解析】adulterated掺入次级品的;mingle（使）混合;sophisticated富有经验的，老练的;refine精炼，改善。句意：一些激进的父母说，学校里的孩子还不够成熟，不能理解水果味的软饮料并不含有水果中所含的营养物质。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

问题1选项

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项descend“下降；遗传”；B选项decrease“减小；减少”；C选项ascend“上升；攀登”；D选项increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山顶，我们看着雾从下面的山谷……，我们好像进入了一个仙境。形容云雾缭绕，雾应该是从下方升起的，故选C。

3.单选题

Mr.Smith（

）withthegovernmentforthirty-sevenyearsbythetimeheretires.

问题1选项

A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.willbeworking

D.willhavebeenworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法时态。根据句中“by+thetime”可知，这里应为完成时，首先排除选项A和C；Mr.Smith和work之间构成主动关系，所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

It'sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

问题1选项

A.acquire

B.obtain

C.derive

D.result

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。derivefrom“源于，来自”；resultfrom“由…造成”；句意：许多受欢迎的短语实际上来自圣经。C项正确。

5.单选题

Todeveloplightindustryinabigway（）toimprovingthepeople’slivelihood.

问题1选项

A.owes

B.attributes

C.distributes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项owesto...归功于，因为B选项attributesto把……归功于；C选项distributesto分销，分发给；D选项contributesto对……有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。

6.翻译题

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidityoftheappetite,ofadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin.Buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespiritbacktodust.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】青春不是生命的时段，而是一种心态，不是玫瑰色的脸颊、红润的嘴唇和灵活的膝盖，而是一种意志，一种想象能力，一种情感的活力。它是生命深泉中的清新。青春意味着战胜懦弱的性情中的勇气，战胜安逸的冒险精神。这有时候会存在于一个60的老人中，不仅是20岁的男孩。没有人仅仅因为岁月的流逝而变老，我们是因为抛弃我们的理想而变老。岁月在皮肤上留下皱纹，但是放弃活力是灵魂变得沧桑。忧虑、缺乏自信是心灵不胜重负并且将青春化作尘埃。

7.单选题

Thetrafficpoliceweresearchingforevidencetoprovetheaccusedman’sguilt,butin（

）.

问题1选项

A.hollow

B.empty

C.void

D.vain

【答案】D

【解析】invain为固定搭配,表示“徒劳的”。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”;therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”—wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy,”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderof

thefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs―thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeedthe“Russianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhone—broadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit―helpedmasktheriskofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amultibillion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmodemtechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies.

问题2选项

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

问题4选项

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

问题5选项

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“theU.S.economyhadbecome‘verydistorted’”美国经济变得“非常扭曲”，第二段中“thegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.”经济不平等的增长是一场全国性的危机，某些事情已非常糟糕，可知美国经济存在问题，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”这个反过来导致更广泛且合理的担心，即我们不仅生活在一个一个富人经济学中，而且还生活在一个富豪统治中，在这其中，富人显示巨大的政治影响力、狭隘自私的动机。因此D选项“他们担心不断上升的收入不平等所带来的社会和政治影响”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.”在经济衰退之前，人们很容易忽视财富集中在少数精英阶层身上，因此C选项“他们导致收入不平等的上升”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”可知美国贫富差距巨大，经融危机让美国人意识到富人具有太多的权利，因此选C。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国经济发展的呈两种分化趋势，存在的问题，以及富人和穷人之间的差距，因此A选项“介绍美国金融失衡”符合题意。

9.单选题

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonmisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialswithhigherefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor

（

）.

4.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.discussingtheimportanceofsolarenergy

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

问题2选项

A.explainwhysiliconsolarcellshavebeenthecenterofresearch

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon.

C.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

问题3选项

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.criticalanddiscouraged

B.biasedandunprofessional

C.analyticalandoptimistic

D.hesitatingandinconclusive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在开头指出，太阳能非常重要，进一步指出，太阳能电池显然是太阳能技术的重要组成部分，其成本高的问题尚未解决。作者接下来讨论对太阳能电池的研究以及生产硅电池遇到的困难。在第三段，作者指出，有一种解决问题的办法，那就是非结晶材料。所以全文的主要目的是把非结晶材料作为一种有可能解决太阳能电池成本高的问题，D选项‘描述了光伏电池成本问题的一种可能解决方案’正确。

2.细节事实题。根据原文“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsmakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.最近，有一些富有想象力的尝试使多晶硅和带状硅的成本低于高质量的单晶；但到目前为止，这些成本明显较低的材料的效率一直低得令人无法接受。此外，这些材料之所以更便宜，只是因为晶体半导体中引入了无序，无序降低了晶体太阳能电池的效率”可知引入结晶半导体的无序会降低晶体硅太阳能电池的效率，C选项‘尽量减少近期硅太阳能电池改进的重要性’正确。

3.推理判断题。尽管作者没有明确提倡为非结晶材料提供更多的研究基金，但全文隐含了这一论点。在第一段中Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsinglecrystalsolarcells研究经费的大部分用于研究单晶太阳能电池”。根据第三段主题句可知，非结晶材料可以成为硅电池的替代品。因此可以推知，应増加对非结晶材料的研究基金。

4.观点态度题。从文章可知，文中采用了大量的数据，有整数也有百分比；并且因为最后一段最后的内容表明作者的乐观的态度。本文通篇以事实描述的口吻向读者展示关于利用非晶材料节约太阳能发电节约成本的问题，并不带有主观色彩，而末尾对非结晶材料的使用又抱有希望，所以C选项‘分析的和乐观的’正确。

10.单选题

Wemustgetthetrappedvictimsoutatoncebecausethebuildingisin（

）dangerofanexplosion.

问题1选项

A.opaque

B.vivid

C.mute

D.imminent

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。opaque不透明的，迟钝的；vivid生动的；mute沉默的，无声的；imminent即将来临的，迫近的。

句意：我们必须立即把被困的受害者救出来，因为这个建筑有马上要爆炸的危险。所以选项D正确。

11.单选题

Thehumanvoiceoftensounds（）onthephone.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.irregular

C.deformed

D.distorted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项twistedadj.扭曲的；B选项irregularadj.不规则的，无整齐的；C选项deformedadj.丑陋的，畸形的；D选项distortedadj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根据humanvoice可知，D项符合搭配。句意：人声在电话里听起来总是有些失真。

12.单选题

ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStates（）HenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.

问题1选项

A.thanhad

B.thanwas

C.thandid

D.aswas

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。more...than...为有关比较的固定用法,

首先排除选项D。

did

代动词,

代替hadaneffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleoftheUSA,

所以选项C正确。句意：恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

13.单选题

Bysigningtheleasewemadea______topayarentof$150aweek.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。makeacommitment“承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

问题1选项

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。

句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。

15.单选题

ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.SinceNeolithictimes,sculpturehasbeenconsideredtheprerogativeofmen,partly,perhaps,forpurelyphysicalreasons;itwaserroneouslyassumedthatwomenwerenotsuitedforthehardmanuallaborrequiredinsculptingstone,carvingwood,orworkinginmetal.Ithasbeenonlyduringthetwentiethcenturythatwomensculptorshavebeenrecognizedasmajorartists,andithasbeenintheUnitedStates,especiallysincethedecadesofthefiftiesandsixties,thatwomensculptorshaveshownthegreatestoriginalityandcreativepower.TheirrisetoprominenceparallelsthedevelopmentofsculptureitselfintheUnitedStates;whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsintheUnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld——thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.

ByfarthemostoutstandingofthesewomenisLouiseNevelson,whointheeyesofmanycriticsisthemostoriginalfemaleartistalivetoday.Onefamousandinfluentialcritic,HiltonKramer,saidofherwork.“Formyself,IthinkMs.Nevelsonsucceedswherethepaintersoftenfail.”

HerworkshavebeencomparedtotheCubistconstructionsofPicasso,theSurrealisticobjectsofMiro,andtheMerzbauofSchwitters.Nevelsonwouldbethefirsttoadmitthatshehasbeeninfluencedbyallofthese,aswellasbyAfricansculpture,andbyNativeAmericanandpre-Columbianart,butshehasabsorbedalltheseinfluencesandstillcreatedadistinctiveartthatexpressestheurbanlandscapeandtheaestheticsensibilityofthetwentiethcentury.Nevelsonsays,“Ihavealwayswantedtoshowtheworldthatartiseverywhere,exceptthatithastopassthroughacreativemind.”

Usingmostlydiscardedwoodenobjectslikepackingcrates,brokenpiecesoffurniture,andabandonedarchitecturalornaments,allofwhichshehashoardedforyears,sheassemblesarchitecturalconstructionsofgreatbeautyandpower.Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.Althoughshehasdeniedanysymbolicorreligiousintentinherworks,theirthree-dimensionalgrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyCathedralandNightCathedral,suggestsuchconnotations.Insomeways,hermostambitiousworksareclosertoarchitecturethantotraditionalsculpture,blitthenneitherLouiseNevelsonnorherartfitsintoanyneatcategory.

1.Thepassagefocusesprimarilyonwhichofthefollowing?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyinformationgiveninthepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowingaboutNevelson’ssculptures?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNevelson’ssculpturescanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Ageneraltendencyintwentieth-centuryart

B.Theworkofaparticularartist

C.Theartisticinfluencesonwomensculptors

D.Criticalresponsestotwentieth-centurysculpture

问题2选项

A.Priorto1945therewaslittlemajorsculptureproducedbymenorwomensculptorsworkingintheUnitedStates.

B.Since1950sculptureproducedintheUnitedStateshasbeenthemostoriginalandcreativesculptureproducedanywhere.

C.From1900to1950womensculptorsinEuropeenjoyedmorerecognitionfortheirworkthandidwomensculptorsintheUnitedStates.

D.Priorto1945thereweremanywomensculptorswhoseworkwasignoredbycritics.

问题3选项

A.Theyshowtheinfluenceoftwentieth-centuryarchitecture.

B.Theydonothavequalitiescharacteristicofsculpture

C.Theyaremysteriousandawe-inspiring,butnotbeautiful.

D.Theysuggestreligiousandsymbolicmeanings.

问题4选项

A.Theyaremeantfordisplayoutdoors.

B.Theyareoftenpaintedinseveralcolors.

C.Theyaresometimesverylarge.

D.Theyarebuiltaroundacentralwoodenobject.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段中第一句“ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.”提出“路易丝•奈维尔森(LouiseNevelson)被许多评论家认为是20世纪最伟大的女雕刻家”及随后段落讲述“路易丝•奈维尔森的艺术作品特点，评论家对她的评论等”可知本文主要讲一个特殊的艺术家的作品。B项符合题意。A项“二十世纪艺术的普遍趋势”；C项“对女性雕塑家的艺术影响”；D项“对二十世纪雕塑的批判回应”。

2.细节事实题。定位第一段中“...whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsinthe

UnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld—thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.尽管1940年前美国只有很少的有才华的雕刻家，直到1945年,当纽约迅速成为世界艺术之都——主要的雕塑是在美国生产的。其中最好的一些是女性的作品。”可知A项“在1945年之前，美国很少有由男性或女性雕塑家创作的大型雕塑作品。”正确。

3.细节事实题。定位最后一段中“Althoughshehasdeniedanysymbolicorreligiousintentinherworks,theirthree-dimensionalgrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyCathedralandNightCathedral,suggestsuchconnotations.尽管她否认自己的作品中具有任何象征性的或宗教的意图，但她作品的三维立体的恢宏气势以及它们的标题，如《天庭大教堂》以及《黑夜大教堂》等都暗示了如此的含义。”可知D项“它们暗示着宗教和象征意义”正确。答案D。

4.判断推理题由Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.她非常自由地创作，没有素描，她把物体粘在一起，钉在一起，把它们涂成黑色，或者很少涂成白色或金色，然后把它们放在盒子里。”可推知A项“它们是用来在户外展示的。”及B项“它们经常被漆成几种颜色”不正确；D项“它们经常围绕一个中心的木制物体而被建造”在文中没有提到；由最后一段中“Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.这些装配艺术品、墙操，甚至整个的环境艺术品营造出一种神秘的、几乎是引人恐惧的氛围。”可推知“路易丝•奈维尔森(LouiseNevelson)的一些作品有时是非常大的”，故C项正确。

16.单选题

Paulwasso______abouthisbaldnessthatheworeahat,whetheritwaswinterorsummer.

问题1选项

A.self-composed

B.self-conscious

C.self-confessed

D.self-confident

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.self-composed镇定的，沉着的B.self-conscious难为情的，自己意识到的

C.self-confessed自动坦白的，公开承认的D.self-confident自信的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由baldness（秃顶）可知，Paul对此是难为情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。

【句意】保罗对自己的秃顶感到很难为情，无论是冬天还是夏天，他都戴帽子。

17.翻译题

1.Althoughmanypeopleclaimthat,alongwiththerapidlyeconomicdevelopment,thenumberofpeoplewhousebicyclearedecreasingandbicycleisboundtodieout.TheinformationI’vecollectedovertherecentyearsleadsmetobelievethatbicyclewillcontinuetoplayextremelyimportantrolesinmodernsociety.

2.Thereisageneraldiscussionthesedaysovereducationinmanycollegesandinstitutes.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.

3.Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.Manyexpertspointoutthat,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety,itisaninevitableresultandthereisnowaytoavoidit.

4.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.

5.Anyparentsshouldplaceconsiderableemphasisontheirchildrentokeepthebalancebetweenplayandstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

【答案】1.尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡。然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

2.当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

3.现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

4.许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

5.任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍之间的平衡。正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

18.翻译题

该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。

【答案】答：

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.

19.单选题

Effectivepreventionagainstphysicalharmshasneverbeen________urgentlyneeded,especiallyinschools.

问题1选项

A.more

B.as

C.such

D.quite

【答案】A

【解析】考查比较用法。句意：有效预防人身伤害从来没有（）迫切需要，特别是在学校。A选项more是比较副词，当一个句子没有出现对比对象时，可以用比较级来表示最高级。B选项as作副词的词义为“和……一样”，放入句中不符合逻辑；C选项such“如此的”后面一般接名词，这个地方如果想表达“如此的”意思时应该用so；D选项quite是程度副词“十分”，把D选项代入到句子中，整个句子将不符合逻辑，有效预防人身伤害从来没有十分迫切需要。因此答案选A。

20.单选题

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）_doctoratebytheuniversity.

问题1选项

A.honorary

B.honorable

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词辨析。honorary“荣誉的”；honorable“可敬的”；honored“受尊敬的”；honorific“表示敬意的”。句意：这位著名的发明家被这个大学授予了荣誉的博士学位。选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（

）.

问题1选项

A.boundaries

B.restraints

C.confinements

D.limitations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。boundary“边界，界限”；restraint“抑制，克制”；confinement“限制，监禁”；limitation“限制，局限性”。句意：这台计算机有很多优点，但并不是没有局限性。由bynomeans“并非，决不”可知后半句与前半句为转折关系。故D项正确。

22.单选题

Hegaveusan（）consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸张的；implicit含蓄的,暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。句意：他默许我们拿走苹果,因为当他看到我们这样做时,他笑了。选项B符合句意。

23.单选题

ThisistheChinese______,translatedfromEnglish.

问题1选项

A.publication

B.editor

C.printing

D.version

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项publication“发行，出版物”；B选项editor“（报刊、杂志的）主编”；C选项printing“（书籍的）一次印刷”；D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”。句意：这是英文翻译过来的中文______。根据语境，这里指的是这原来是英文的，被翻译成了中文，D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

24.单选题

Thechildhasagood（）memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

问题1选项

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。convey动词，“传达，运输”；verbal“口头的，言语的”；optimistic“乐观的”；authentic“真正的”。根据下文“她能准确地复述她母亲讲给她听的故事”，说明孩子的口头记忆很好，所以选项B正确。

25.翻译题

许多事情不与朋友分享，就无法自得其乐，而读书则可以。独坐家中，却得以周游世界，了解千万事端的缘由。活在当世，却可以与千万年前的先人对话。读书增长阅历；哪怕是万里之外、相隔千年，也能感受到他人对人生的感悟。其乐融融，唯有读书能赋予。未能从读书中享受到乐趣的人，乃贫乏之人：从读书中享受最大乐趣的人，是获得最大幸福的人。

【答案】Therearemanythingsfromwhichyouwouldnotentertainyourselfifyoudon’tsharethemwithyourfriends.However,readingisanexception.Byreading,youcansitathometotravelaroundtheworldandgettoknowthereasonsofthousandsofthings.Asamodernman,youcanconversewithancestorsfrommillionsofyearsago.Readingcanenrichyourexperiences,asyoucantasteothers’insightoflifeeveniftheylivedthousandsofmilesawayorthousandsofyearsago.Onlyreadingcanprovideyouwithsuchpleasure.Peoplewhocannotenjoyreadingarepoor;Peoplewhogainthegreatestfunfromreadingarethehappiest.

26.单选题

Untilrecentlymostastronomersbelievedthatthespacebetweenthegalaxiesinouruniversewasanearperfectvacuum.Thisorthodoxviewoftheuniverseisnowbeingchallengedbyastronomerswhobelievethataheavy“rain”ofgasisfallingintomanygalaxiesfromthesupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.Thegasapparentlycondensesintoacollectionofsmallsupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.Thegasapparentlycondensesintoacollectionofsmallstars,eachalittlelargerthantheplanetJupiter.Thesestarsvastlyoutnumbertheotherstarsinagivengalaxy.Theamountof“intergalacticrainfall”intosomeofthesegalaxieshasbeenenoughtodoubletheirmassinthetimesincetheyformed.Scientistshavebeguntosuspectthatthisintergalacticgasisprobablyamixtureofgasesleftoverfromthe“bigbang”whenthegalaxieswereformedandgaswasforcedoutofgalaxies