考研考博-英语-公安消防部队高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-公安消防部队高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多人反对在公共场所吸烟。

2.单选题

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore_______tolightthanhumaneyes.

问题1选项

A.glowing

B.sensitive

C.brilliant

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项glowing“灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的”；B选项sensitive“敏感的；感觉的；灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的”；C选项brilliant“灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的；有才气的；精彩的，绝妙的”；D选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”。句意：虽然猫在完全黑暗中看不见东西，但它们的眼睛比人眼对光更敏感。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

ARepublicanplantocontroltherisingcostofSocialSecuritywouldgreatlyreduceretirementbenefitsformiddle-andupper-incomeAmericans,especiallythosenowyoungerthan25,accordingtoananalysisreleasedWednesdaybytheprogram'schiefactuary（精算师）.Theplan,byRep.PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.

Together,thetwoprovisionswouldreduceinitialbenefitsbyaboutaquarterformiddle-incomeAmericanswhoturn65in2050,accordingtotheanalysis.Wealthierretireeswouldseeevendeepercuts,losingaboutathirdofscheduledbenefitsin2050andmorethanhalfofscheduledbenefitsiftheyturn65in2080.

Withcongressionalelectionslessthantwoweeksaway,theRyanplanhasbeenafrequenttargetforDemocratsaccusingtheGOPofplottingtogutSocialSecurity.ButthereportbyStephenGoss,chiefactuaryfortheSocialSecurityAdministration,alsoexaminesotherideasforoverhaulingtheprogram,includingseveralunderdiscussionbyadeficit（赤字）-reductioncommissionappointedbyPresidentObama.LeadersinbothpartiessaySocialSecuritymaypresentthebestopportunityforcompromiseonthecommission,whichisduetoissueareportDec.1.

Goss'sanalysisshowsthatthoseideasmaynotbemuchmorepleasantthanRyan'splan.Forexample,allowingtheretirementagetocontinuerisingtwomonthsperyearuntilithitsage70wouldcutinitialbenefitsbynearly20percentforanyoneturning65in2050.Meanwhile,thecommissionistalkingaboutcuttingthecost-of-livingincreaseretireesreceiveeachyear,aswellascuttingtheirinitialbenefits.

"There'sbeenalotofdiscussionabouthoweasyitwouldbetocutSocialSecurityinordertosaveit,'saidRep.EarlPomeroy,DemocratofNorthDakota,whorequestedthereportaschairmanoftheHouseWaysandMeanssubcommitteeonSocialSecurity.‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’

RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Moretothepoint,Sweeneysaid,failingtooverhaulSocialSecurity—whichisalreadypayingoutmorethanitcollectsfrompayrolltaxes―willcausemoreimmediateharm."AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration,CongressmanPomeroy'sdo-nothingplanwillimposepainfulacross-the-boardbenefitcutsoncurrentseniorsandthosenearingretirement,"

Sweeneysaid."Itisdeeplyirresponsibleforelectedleaderstostandidlewithicyindifferenceasthesocialsafetynetcollapses."

1.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheplanbyPaulRyan?

2.Whatdoestheword“gut’inthe3rdparagraphmean?

3.EarlPomeroyholdstheideathat（

）.

4.Astothelow-incomeretirees,（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itencouragespeopletoretireasearlyaspossible.

B.Ithaslittleinfluenceontheupper-incomeretirees.

C.ItwasmadetocontrolthecostofSocialSecurity.

D.Itwillincreasethelower-incomeAmericana’sbenefits.

问题2选项

A.Cut.

B.Spoil.

C.Misuse.

D.Abolish.

问题3选项

A.retiringat70willleadtonoinitialbenefitscuts

B.Ryan’splanisthebestwaytosaveSocialSecurity

C.initialbenefitscutsshouldbelimitedunder20%

D.initialbenefitscutsishelplessforSocialSecurity

问题4选项

A.theywereignoredbyGossinhisanalysis

B.Ryanpaidnoattentiontothemintheplan

C.Sweeneyproposedahigherminimumbenefit

D.theyaffordmorepayrolltaxesthantheothers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句‘PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.威斯康星州共和党人保罗瑞安(PaulRyan)将通过逐步提高退休年龄和逐步削减收入最高的70%人群的福利来减少福利。’确定A选项‘它鼓励人们尽早退休’,B选项‘它对高收入的退休人员几乎没有影响’,D选项‘它将增加低收入美国人的福利’错误，C选项‘这是为了控制社会保障的成本’符合题意。

2.文章第三段划线单词所在句子句意‘瑞安计划一直是民主党人指责共和党阴谋削弱社会保障的一个常见目标。’所以gut意思是‘削减’，A选项符合题意。

.3根据文章倒数第二段‘‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’新的分析显示，这些提议导致的福利削减幅度从10%到50%不等。这并不是我所希望的拯救社会保障体系的方法。’可知D选项‘最初的福利削减对社会保障来说是无能为力的’正确。

4.根据最后一段第一句话‘RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Ryan发言人ConorSweeney称，Goss并未全面分析Ryan平衡联邦预算计划的效果，且忽略了Ryan为低收入退休人员提供更高最低福利的提议。’可知A选项‘他们在Goss的分析中被忽略了’正确。

4.单选题

Modern-daybusinessreallydoestranscendnationalbarriers.ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.Theworldisindisputablybecomingasmallerplace,asserviceandmanufacturingcompaniessearchtheinternationalmarketplacefornewsuppliersandclients.Businessesmust,however,beawarethatoncetheyexpandtheareainwhichtheyoperate,theyfaceincreasedcompetition.Thestandardandqualityoftheirgoodsbecomeincreasinglyimportantinkeepingupwithcompetitors.Butmostofall,itistheserviceelementaccompanyingthegoodswhichiscrucialtoacompany’ssuccessinaparticularmarket.Thisnewphilosophyhasledtomanycompanies,someofwhichhaveevenofferedproductsofalesserquality,gainingsuccessoverseas.

Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesense,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processes,andstandards.Thesearenotafunctionofeconomicchanges,butaremoredeep-rootedanddifficulttoalter.Theycanbeamajorproblemforbusinessesexpandingabroad,withthegreatestobstacleofallbeingthelanguagebarrier.Ifyouhavetodealwithclients,suppliersanddistributorsinarangeofcountries,youwillnotonlyneedtheskillstocommunicatewiththem,youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.

Thevalueofeffectivecommunicationisnottobeunderestimated.Nevtechnologysuchasvideoconferencingandemailhasplayedapartinmakingthecommunicationprocesseasier,anditmayalsobepossiblethattheintroductionoflanguageinterpretationsoftwarewillhelpwithsomeglobalcommunicationsproblems.But,ofcourse,itisthehumanelementofthecommunicationprocessthatissovitalinbusiness,especiallyinnegotiations,presentationsandteam-building.Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners,sothatissuescanbediscussed,messagescommunicatedandfeedbackobtained.

Thevalueofwell-organizedlanguagetrainingisimmense,andcanbringbenefitstoalllevelsanddepartmentswithinamultinationalorganization.Unfortunately,however,manyorganizationshaveaverynarrowviewwhenitcomestotrainingofanykind.Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.Then,atrainingcompanyisemployedoraprogramisdevelopedin-house,theteamistrained,andthatisseenastheendofthematter.However,thefactremainsthattrainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbreeder,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.

Changesinexpectationsandattitudesarecertain,tocontinueforcompaniesthattradeglobally.Althoughsuchcompaniesarenotyetfacedwiththeirinternationalpartnersandclientsdemandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast,ifthesecompanieswanttocontinuetoachievesuccessontheinternationaltradingcircuit,theymustbepreparedtoadapttosituationsandspeakthelocallanguage.Ifnot,someoneelsewill.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,improvedcommunicationshaveenabledcompaniesto（）.

12.Approachestodoingbusinessvarybetweencountriesbecauseof（）.

13.Thewriterthinksthattheuseofmoderntechnologywill（）.

14.Acommonweaknessoftrainingcoursesisthatthey（）.

15.Whyshouldcompaniesdobusinessinthelanguageofthecountriestheyareoperatingin?

问题1选项

A.offerawidervarietyofproductsandservices

B.expandbeyondtheirdomesticmarkets

C.performbetterthantheirinternationalcompetitors

D.openoremanufacturingfacilitiesabroad

问题2选项

A.localeconomicconsiderations

B.strongwishestoremainindependent

C.theexistenceofculturaldifferences

D.regulationsaboutbusinesspractices

问题3选项

A.speeduptheprocessoflanguageinterpretation

B.notleadtogreatercommunicationbetweencompaniesandclients

C.helpsolvetheproblemsinvolvedinmaintainingstrongteams

D.neverreplacetheneedforface-to-faceinteraction

问题4选项

A.aredevelopedbythewrongteam

B.donotgivegoodvalueformoney

C.areprovidedonlyifthereisanimmediateneed

D.donotdealwithacompany’sspecificrequirements

问题5选项

A.topreventothercompaniestakingtheirbusiness

B.tohelpthemfindnewinternationalpartners

C.tomeetclients’currentexpectations

D.tobecomemoreawareoftheircompetitors’activities

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】11.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第三句话ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.（感谢精密的IT和沟通系统，企业现在可以在一个真正的全球规模上开发它们的产品市场。）这其中global是个关键的暗示，可以联想到海外市场，因此B选项“在国内市场以外的地方扩张”正确。A选项“提供更多种类的产品和服务”、C选项“比国际竞争对手表现更好”两项在原文中并未提及；D选项“在国外开设更多生产设施”，文中只说了可以在海外扩张，没有提到开设更多的生产设备。

12.事实细节题。根据题干定位至第二段开头一段话Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesenses,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processesandstandards.（虽然全球化可能在某种意义上使国家经济更加密切，但世界各地仍有着极度不同的期望、过程和标准）；后面又提到了一句youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.（你需要用不同的做生意的方式来与民族偏见和解）。这一段整体讲的就是要克服沟通上的障碍，理解了内容不难作答。因此C选项“原因是文化差异的存在”，与原文所表达的意思相符，正确。A选项“当地的经济因素”；B选项“强烈希望保持独立”以及D选项“有关商业惯例的规例”都不是原文的观点。

13.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段，前面介绍说新技术，比如视频会议和电子邮件，会使沟通过程更简单。并且语言翻译软件（languageinterpretationsoftware）会帮助解决一些国际沟通问题。后面一个BUT，才真正揭示了答案，说在沟通过程中人的作用是至关重要的。Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners.（经理们定期会见员工、客户和合作伙伴是很有必要的），从这一句可以看出作者的真正态度，是认为当面交流仍然很重要，因此D选项“现代技术永远也无法替代面对面互动的需要”正确。A选项“加快语言口译的过程”，不是作者真正的观点；B选项“不能促进公司和客户之间的交流”，不正确，作者还是认为现代技术是有用的，只是不能够完全取代当面交流；C选项“帮助解决维护强大团队所涉及的问题”，是无关项。

14.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.（通常，在授权培训之前必须确定紧急需求），可知确认有迫切的需要时培训才会被批准。作者认为很多公司的培训有些急功近利，trainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbroader,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.（培训计划只有在与公司更广泛、更长期的需要相关时才有效。它们应该被视为一种投资，而不是一种成本）。因此C选项“培训的缺点是：只有迫切需要时才会被提供”正确，其中immediateneed与原文urgentrequirement相照应。A选项“是由错误的团队开发的”，过度推断，原文并未给出相关表达；B选项“没有物有所值”，不正确；D选项“不处理公司的具体要求”，没有提及。

15.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段demandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast.（客户要求他们使用母语，这些公司也意识到海外竞争逐渐激烈。）还有最后一句Ifnot,someoneelsewill.（如果他们不说当地的语言，其他人会说的。）意思就是如果你不使用当地的语言做生意，其他人会取而代之的。因此A选项“防止其他公司占领了他们的业务”正确。B选项“帮助他们找到新的国际合作伙伴”，原文没有提及；C选项“满足客户当前的期望”，不是他们的目的；D选项“更多地了解竞争对手的活动”，也不是他们的根本目的。

5.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wished.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.enhanced加强，提高B.revised修改

C.alternated交替，轮流D.modified修改

【考查点】近义词辨析

【解题思路】原文指的是婴儿为了满足父母的意愿改变基因。D选项modified“修改”，指为了适应某一特定的目的，稍微改变某物，与原文最相符。原文alter“改变”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项enhanced“加强，提高”，改变不一定是提高；

B选项revised“修改”，指修改意见或计划，或者修订书刊或估算；

C选项alternated“交替，轮流”，与altered属于形近词，但两者意义不同。

【句意】人们担心，婴儿可能会根据父母的意愿进行基因改造。

6.单选题

Afterhavingbeendismissedfromthefactory,Johnhadtoearnameagerlivingby（）televisionsets.

问题1选项

A.overhauling

B.patching

C.servicing

D.remedying

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:overhaul"分解检查”；B:patch“修理，接通”；C:service“服务”；D:remedy“修补，弥补”。句意：在离开工厂之后，约翰不得不靠修电视来赚取微薄的收入。结合此处语义，B为正确答案。

7.单选题

Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthathistheoryencountered（

）despitewidespread

agreementthatitwas（

）.

问题1选项

A.respect...crucial

B.dismissal...simplistic

C.skepticism...unfathomable

D.opposition...indisputable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。respect“尊敬，尊重”；crucial“重要的,决定性的”；dismissal“解雇，免职”；simplistic“过分简单化的，过分单纯化的”；skepticism“怀疑论，怀疑的态度”；unfathomable“深不可测的，无底的”；opposition“反对，反对派”；indisputable“不容置疑的，不可争辩的”。句意：令科学家困惑的是，尽管他的理论被一致认为是不容置疑的，但是还是遭到了反对。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Ifshe（）themeasles,shecouldhavegonetothepark.

问题1选项

A.hadn’t

B.hadn’thad

C.hadhad

D.haven’t

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had＋过去分词，主句的谓语用should（would，might，could）＋have＋过去分词。句意：如果她没有出麻疹，她就会去公园了。因此，B选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe“greatclasslesssociety”.Theideathatthe20thcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofgreatclichesofourtime.

Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:Monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthascompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,“survivalofthefittest”，and“mightisright“arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmeritfor“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”；inotherrespectssocietyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained

Genuineability,animalcunning,skilltheknackofseizingopportunities,allbringsmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem“agoodstartinlife”.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality.Wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality.Privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause（

）.

3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?

4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,“classdivisions”refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.

B.Equalitymeansmoney.

C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.

D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.

问题2选项

A.theprinciple“survivalofthefittest”exists.

B.natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.

C.materialrewardsareforgenuineability.

D.peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.

问题3选项

A.Thosewithwealth.

B.Thosewiththebestbrains..

C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.

D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.

问题4选项

A.moneydecideseverything.

B.privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.

C.peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.

D.wealthisusedforpoliticalends.

问题5选项

A.therichandthepoor.

B.differentopportunitiesforpeople.

C.oppressorandtheoppressed.

D.geniusandstupidity.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem(20世纪的机会均等并没有破坏阶级制度)能更好概括本文主旨。

2.细节题。作者指出:自然在分配大脑和能力的时候，完全不考虑平等的原则。有智慧能力才能生存，才能获报偿，这已经是不平等，因此即使获同样的受教育的机会，也不可能铲除不平等。

3.细节题。第三段指出:英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。一个来自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其对立面获得成功要快得多得多。因此推测,有钱人能够快速获得成功。

4.细节题。英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。因为有钱,才上得起私立学校。故选A。

5.推断题。作者强调穷人,富人在天赋、教育机会等方面的差异造成即使是同样的教育机会也不可能铲除不平等,因此在作者眼里,真正的阶级分化在于贫富差距。

10.单选题

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

问题1选项

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D选项处应表示“产生影响”，impact是可数名词，因此正确用法应为“tomakeanimpact”。

11.单选题

People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.Some__51__themasmiraculous;othersthinkofthemasdangerous.Thenwhatisthesensibleattitudetowarddrugs?

Ithinkthefirstthingtothinkaboutisthedifferencebetweendrugsandwonderdrugs.Theantibioticscanreally__52__certainbacterialdiseases.Ontheotherhand,themajordiseasesthreateningAmericanstodayarecancer,stroke,highbloodpressure,coronarydiseaseandetc.__53__them,thedoctor’sbagoftricksislimited.Hehasnowonderdrugs.

Sothefirstimportantlessonisnotto__54__toomuchfromdrugs.Ifyoucanacceptthefactthatthewaragainstmanyofourmostdevastatingdiseasesis,at__55__aholdingoperationratherthananinevitabletriumph,itwill__56__agreatdealtoeaseyourlifeaswellasthatofyourdoctor.Toomany__57__exertgreatpressuresondoctorstoprescribeforeverysmallsymptom,evenwhensuchtreatmentisunwarrantedordangerous.

Unfortunately,themedicalprofessionisguiltyoftakingpart,toacertain__58__,inthewrongfulaction.Thepatientwhodemandsashotofpenicillinforeverysniffleandsneezemaybe__59__theinjectionbyareluctant__60__becauseheiscertainthatifhedoesnot,thepatientwillsearchuntilhefindsadoctorwhowill.

问题1选项

A.regard

B.regards

C.regarded

D.regarding

问题2选项

A.care

B.treat

C.cure

D.deal

问题3选项

A.Toward

B.Pro

C.Against

D.Dealing

问题4选项

A.expect

B.except

C.expert

D.express

问题5选项

A.last

B.least

C.best

D.worst

问题6选项

A.make

B.do

C.take

D.have

问题7选项

A.patience

B.patient

C.patienthood

D.patients

问题8选项

A.extent

B.extension

C.extensive

D.extend

问题9选项

A.taken

B.fetched

C.given

D.done

问题10选项

A.physical

B.physic

C.physics

D.physician

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:D

【解析】51.考查时态。A选项regard“认为”，一般现在时；B选项regards，第三人称单数的一般现在时；C选项regarded，一般过去时；D选项regarding，现在分词形式，不能单独做谓语。本题所在分句没有动词，则空格处应填入一个谓语动词，主语为Some“一些（人）”，排除B、D选项；根据后一个分句谓语thinkof“认为”判断，该处为一般现在时，且全文基本为一般现在时，排除B选项。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

52.考查动词辨析。A选项care“照顾；关心；顾虑”；B选项treat“治疗”，强调过程；C选项cure“治好”，强调结果；D选项deal“贩毒；发牌”，搭配介词with，构成短语dealwith才有“处理，对付”的意思。句意：抗生素确实可以____某些细菌性疾病。抗生素可以用于某些细菌性疾病，强调结果，把病治好。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

53.考查介词辨析与上下文语义。A选项toward“向；对（某事的态度）；（时间上）接近”；B选项pro“支持，赞成”；C选项against“反对；防备（令人不快的或有害的事物）”；D选项dealing“商业往来，交易”。句意：____它们，医生的手段是有限的。根据句意，此处应该是指治疗这些疾病（不是指对它们的态度），医生们的手段有限。C选项最符合语境，D选项搭配介词with，构成短语dealwith才有“处理，对付”的意思。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

54.考查形近词辨析。A选项expect“期望，动词”；B选项except“除……以外，介词”；C选项expert“专家，名词”；D选项express“表达，动词”。句意：第一个重要的教训是不要对药品____太多。根据句意，“期望”最符合语义，本题解题的关键在于区别形近词。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

55.考查固定搭配与上下文语义。A选项atlast“最终”；B选项atleast“至少”；C选项atbest“最多，充其量”，用于在情况很糟糕的时候，可能发生的最好的事情；D选项atworst“在最坏的情况下”。句意：对抗许多最具毁灭性疾病的战争____是一场维持现状的行动，而不是必然的胜利。原句想表达的是，在面对很多毁灭性的疾病的时候，能发生的最好的情况也只是维持现状，“充其量”与句意最搭配。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

56.考查固定搭配与上下文语义。A选项make“制作；使得”；B选项do“做”；C选项take“占据；拿”；D选项have“有”。句意：如果你能接受这样一个事实，即……的话，这将对减轻你和你的医生的生活负担____很多。根据句意，接受某个事实可以帮助减轻你和你的医生的生活负担。B选项doagreatdealto做了很多，最符合句意，可引申为“有助于”。干扰选项Amakeagreatdeal意为“做了一笔大买卖”，或者makeagreatdealoutofsth“小题大做”，总之没有“做了很多，有帮助”的意思。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

57.考查形近词辨析。A选项patience“耐心，名词”；B选项patient“病人，单数名词；有耐心的，形容词”；C选项patienthood“病态心理，名词”；D选项patients“病人，名词复数”。句意：太多的____对医生施加了巨大的压力……。根据句意，空格处应填入名词病人；原文空格前有many，所以填入的应为复数名词。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

58.考查固定搭配与上下文语义。A选项extent“程度，名词”；B选项extension“拓展，延伸，名词”；C选项extensive“广泛的；大量的，形容词”；D选项extend“延伸，动词”。句意：医务人员，____，犯有参与不法行为的罪行。“toacertain____”在原文中做插入语，固定搭配toacertainextent意为“在某种程度上”。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

59.考查固定搭配与上下文语义。A选项taken“拿”；B选项fetched“取来”；C选项given“给”；D选项done“做”。句意：每次打喷嚏就要打一针青霉素的病人可能被____注射。不考虑空格处的词，句子也能表达完整的语义，“注射；打针”从医生的角度说是“giveaninjection”,从病人的角度说是“have/takeaninjection”。原文主语为病人，但用了被动语态，所以用动词用“give”更合适。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

60.考查形近词辨析。A选项physical“物理的，形容词”；B选项physic“药物，名词；给病人服药，动词”；C选项physics“物理学，名词”；D选项physician“医生，内科医生，名词复数”。句意：被一个不情愿的____注射，根据句意和上下文，此处应该填医生。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

12.单选题

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

问题1选项

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“关联”；B选项tackle“处理”；C选项file“提出”；D选项attach“附加”。句意：尽管许多专家一致认为有更多的儿童超重，但是对于解决这个问题的最佳方法还存在争议。本句表示解决儿童超重问题的方法，因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句用法。“过去分词+asitis(was)”“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。由于lying为lie的现在分词，故用“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”这个句型，此句相当于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤矿位于深山深处，所以必须从深谷里运来。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

TheATMsenablebankcustomerstoaccesstheirmoney24hoursadayandsevendaysaweek________ATMsarelocated.

问题1选项

A.wherever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whatever

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。A选项wherever“无论何地”；B选项whenever“无论何时”；C选项“however”然而；D选项whatever“无论什么”。句意：ATM机能够让银行客户全天24小时之内取到钱（）有ATM机的地方。根据关键词located，我们可知这是要选一个关于地点的状语从句引导词，四个选项中只有A能表地点。

15.单选题

Whyinanageoftechnology,shouldsomanypeoplestillclingtoanancientbelief?Inpartitmustbebecauseastrology（占星术）claimstotellussomethingaboutourselves,andallofusareinterestedinourselves.Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.

Infact，astrologywasneverascience.Itwasnotahypothesisortheorydevelopedtodescribenaturalphenomena,anduntilfairlyrecenttimes,therewasnoattempttotestorverifyitspredictions.AstrologybeganapproximatelythreethousandyearsagoinBabylonia,itwasappliedtomonarchsandkingdoms,butnottoindividuals.Itspreadinthe6thcenturyBCasFarasIndia,whereitflourishestoday.TheEgyptians,meanwhile,developedtheirownkindofastrology.ButtheastrologynowpracticedinEuropeandAmericaisthatdevelopedbytheGreeks,whosynthesizedtheideasofBabyloniansandEgyptiansandenrichedthemwithconceptsfromtheirownfertileimaginations.TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.Thegodswereimmortal,butotherwisehadthesameattributesofanger,happiness,jealousy,rageandpleasureaswedo.Nowifwhatthegods'thoughtwascapricious（变化无常的），atleasttheplanetswerepredictableintheirmovements.Becauseourownlotinlifeissounpredictable,itmustbepurelyatthemercyofgods.Butifthegodsaretheplanets,orsomehowassociatedwiththem,thenwehaveonlytolearntherulesofthemotionsoftheplanetstounderstandthewhimsofthegodsandhowtheyshapeourownlives.Sothebeliefdevelopedthateachofourlivesispreordainedbythepreciseconfigurationoftheplanetsintheskyatthetimeofourbirth.

Astrologycouldnot,ofcourse,haveseemedasincredibletotheancientsasitdoestous.Theroleofthesuninfluencingourdailyandyearlylivesisobvious;itwasanaturalextensiontoattributeotherpowerstotheotherplanetsaswell.Itwasn'tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.

1.Manypeoplearemisledbyastrologybecauseitispresentedbythepractitionersas（

）.

2.Itisimpliedthatastrologyisbasedonthebeliefthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthescholarsbeforethetimeofNewton?

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.atheorythatcandescribenaturalphenomena

B.amagicalkeytounderstandthemselves

C.anancientbeliefthathadlongbeenappliedtomonarchs

D.amysteriouspowerbeyondtheexplanationofscience

问题2选项

A.thegods’intentionswerehardtopredict

B.thefateofourliveswereunpredictable

C.thegodsarecloselyrelatedtotheplanets

D.thegodshavethesameattributesaswedo

问题3选项

A.Someofthemwereconvincedbyastrology.

B.Theydidn'tknowt