考研考博-英语-乌海职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-乌海职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

____mymind,Peterisnotagoodchoice.

问题1选项

A.With

B.For

C.To

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.With带有B.For为了

C.To对于D.On在……上；关于

【考查点】固定搭配

【解题思路】原句语义为“____我的想法（mymind），Peter不是一个好的选择。”固定搭配tomymind“在我看来；依我看”最符合原句语义衔接。C选项To“对于”符合搭配。

【干扰项排除】

A选项With“带有”，与原文搭配不当；

B选项For“为了”，与原文搭配不当；

D选项Onmymind表示“惦记；担心；挂念”，没有“依我看”符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】依我看，Peter不是一个好的选择。

2.单选题

Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.（1）,medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir（2）abouttheeffectofsmoking（3）thehealthnotonlyofthosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewhodon’t.Infact,non-smokerswhomust（4）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemay（5）morethanthesmokersthemselves.

A（6）numberofourstudentshave（7）inaneffortto（8）theuniversitytobansmokingintheclassrooms.Ibelievetheyare（9）rightintheiraim.（10）,Iwouldhopethatitis（11）toachievethisby（12）thesmokerstousegoodjudgmentandshowconcern（13）othersratherthanbyregulation.

Iamthereforeaskingyouto（14）“NoSmoking”intheauditoriums,classroomsandseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenon-smoker’shealthandwell-being（15）,whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.

问题1选项

A.Still

B.More

C.Again

D.Further

问题2选项

A.concern

B.trouble

C.interest

D.displeasure

问题3选项

A.on

B.in

C.with

D.to

问题4选项

A.involuntarily

B.instinctively

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

问题5选项

A.endure

B.suffer

C.undergo

D.putupwith

问题6选项

A.few

B.considerable

C.many

D.quantitative

问题7选项

A.linked

B.connected

C.associated

D.joined

问题8选项

A.make

B.persuade

C.cause

D.commit

问题9选项

A.entirely

B.totally

C.just

D.wholly

问题10选项

A.Butthen

B.However

C.Although

D.Moreover

问题11选项

A.likely

B.probably

C.capable

D.possible

问题12选项

A.pleading

B.begging

C.insisting

D.callingon

问题13选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.in

问题14选项

A.inscribe

B.decorate

C.maintain

D.claim

问题15选项

A.onhead

B.inheart

C.inmind

D.inyourbrain

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:D

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:C

【解析】（1）逻辑关系。前一句提到吸烟是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到医学权威表明吸烟还会损害人体健康，所以前后两句都是表示吸烟会带来不好的影响，为递进关系。选项D符合题意。

（2）固定搭配。concern“关心”；trouble“麻烦”；interest“兴趣，爱好”；displeasure“不愉快”。句意：医学权威们表明了他们对吸烟带来健康危害问题的关心。concernabout“关心，顾虑”。选项A符合题意。

（3）固定搭配。effecton“对的影响”，文中提到了抽烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有身体健康危害。选项A符合题意。

（4）上下文语境。involuntarily“无心地，不自觉地”；instinctively“本能地”；spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；reluctantly“不情愿地，勉强地”句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟污染的空气。选项D符合题意，

（5）近义词词义辨析。endure特指忍耐的时间较长，强调时间；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；putupwith指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指经历某些过程。句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟雾污染的空气，遭受到的伤害比吸烟的人还要多。选项B符合题意。

（6）形容词词义辨析。few“几乎没有，少的”；considerable“相当大的”；many“大量的”，quantitative“定量的”。句意：大量的学生为教室禁烟做了努力。aconsiderablenumberof“大量的”，选项B符合题意。

（7）动词词义辨析。link“；连接，联系”；connect“连接”；associate“联系，关联”；join“加入”。句意：很多学生加入到这种教室禁烟活动中。选项D符合题意。

（8）上下文语境。根据文章意思，是劝说学生们禁止在教室抽烟，persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”，选项B符合题意。

（9）副词词义辨析。entirely“程度上整个地，彻底地”；totally“整个地”；just“仅仅，只”；wholly“全部，统统”。句意：他们在目的上完全是正确的，强调程度。选项A符合题意。

（10）逻辑关系。前一句表示学生们在意图上是完全正确的，空格后面就谈到希望吸烟者自己能通过自己的判断能力或者是提高对他人的关心去禁烟而不是靠一些规则。所以前后是转折关系。选项B符合题意。

（11）近义词辨析。本空填形容词“可能的”，所以排除B选项。常用句型“sb.islikelyto”和“itislikelythat”，排除likely,capable“能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，选项D符合题意。

（12）动词词义解析。plead“恳求”；beg“请示”，语气更加强烈。insist“坚持”，在文章中是号召大家禁烟，所以用“callon”短语，选项D符合题意。

（13）短语搭配。文章意思为表示对他人的关心，选项B符合题意。

（14）动词词义辨析。inscribe“雕刻”；decorate“装饰”；maintain“保持”；claim“声称”。句意：我在这里号召大家注意听众席、教室和研讨室的禁烟标识。选项C符合题意。

（15）短语搭配。文章意思为将不吸烟的人的健康和幸福放在心上。“have...inmind”符合文意。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonthathasbeenaffectingcountriesandsocietiesforseveraldecades,buttheoutlineoftheglobalsystemhasonlyemergedwithsomeclarityrecently.Theriseofglobalmarketsandtheincreaseinspeedandvolumeofinternationaltransactionshasbroughtaboutadegreeofinterdependenceandco-operationineconomicmattersamongstatesthathasnotsofarbeenmatchedbyacorrespondingincreaseinrespectforandprotectionofhumanrightsanddemocracy.Indeed,manydemocraciesarestillfragile,andhavenotmadethetransitionfromviewingdemocraticpracticesasinstrumentaltohavingawidelysharedprincipledcommitmenttothedemocraticandconstitutionalframework.

Theriseofglobaleconomicnetworkshasledtoariseintheinfluenceofglobalactorssuchasmulti-nationalcorporations,globaleconomicbodiessuchastheWTO,theWorldBank,theIMFandregionaleconomicorganizations.Theseconstituteanewformofglobalgovernancewhosedirectivesandimperativesstatesfindincreasinglydifficulttoignore.Theestablishedinternationalpoliticalorganizationshavenotcomeclosetoreplicatingthiseffectiveness.

Predictionsthatthephenomenonofglobalizationwillresultinaloweringofhumanrightsstandardsasthemobilityofcapitalseeksoutthemarketsleastconstrainedbylaborandhumanrightsstandardstomaximizethehighestreturnsneednotbethecase.Theroleofhumanrightsorganizationsinthiscontextmustbetoensurethatglobalizationdrivesstandardsupnotdown,andtopresentthecasethatfreedomofexpressionandaccesstoofficialinformationarekeytosustainablehumanandeconomicdevelopmentandthepreventionofcorruption,whichinturnsupporttheconditionsnecessaryforsustainableeconomicgrowth.

Withthedemandforglobaltradetogohandinhandwithglobalresponsibilityinternationalfinancialinstitutionsarecomingunderincreasingpressuretoregulatetheglobaleconomynotsimplytofacilitateeconomicgrowth,buttopromotecompliancewithhumandevelopment,includinginternationalhumanrightsnorms.Multinationalcorporationshavealsobeenforcedtorecognizeadegreeofcorporatesocialresponsibilityintheareasinwhichtheyoperateandinthecommunitiesonwhichtheyhaveanimpact.Transparencyintheoperationsofsuchcompaniesisbecomingincreasinglyimportanttotheirgainingaccesstocapital.Theyaremoreandmoreaccountabletoshareholders,who,inturnareincreasinglydiffuseandnumerous.Thepursuitof“shareholdervalue”meansthatthereisscoretoensurethattheinvestor—citizenhasasayinthewaythatcompaniesconductthemselves.

Thetaskforthosepromotingfreeexpressionistoharnessnewtechnologiestochallengecensorship,andtoharnessthepowerandinfluenceofnewglobalactorstoensurethattheynotonlytaketheargumentsforfreeexpressiononboard,butbecomevocaladvocatesforsuchrights.

21.Allofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothefirstparagraphexcept（）.

22.Theunderlinedword“which”inthethirdparagraphrefersto（）.

23.Multinationalcorporationshavenotto（）.

24.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsabouttheglobalactorsisnottrue?

25.Whatisnotthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.globalizationhasbeendevelopingsystematicallyforseveraldecades

B.protectionofhumanrightshasn’tincreasedenoughtobecorrespondentwiththepresentsituation

C.democracyhasbeenfullydevelopedintheworld

D.manycountrieshasconstructedademocraticandconstitutionalframework

问题2选项

A.humanrightsorganizations

B.thepreventionofcorruption

C.sustainablehumanandeconomicdevelopmentandthepreventionofcorruption

D.freedomofexpressionandaccesstoofficialinformation

问题3选项

A.recognizeitssocialresponsibility

B.beresponsibletotheirshareholders

C.betransparentinoperation

D.beresponsibleinothercommunitiesinthesamearea

问题4选项

A.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreinfluential.

B.Sometimestheycaninfluencethedecisionofacountry.

C.Theyarenotsoeffectiveastheinternationalpoliticalorganization.

D.WTOandIMFareincluded.

问题5选项

A.Topointoutthenegativeeffectsofglobalization.

B.Tobridlethepowerandinfluenceofglobalactors.

C.Tocalltheglobalactorsawarenessofhumanrights.

D.Toharnessnewtechnologiestochallengeexamination.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】21.细节判断题。根据题干要求，将信息点定位到原文第一段第二句Theriseofglobalmarketsandtheincreaseinspeedandvolumeofinternationaltransactionshasbroughtaboutadegreeofinterdependenceandco-operationineconomicmattersamongstatesthathasnotsofarbeenmatchedbyacorrespondingincreaseinrespectforandprotectionofhumanrightsanddemocracy.（全球市场的兴起以及国际交易的速度提升和数量的增加，在各国之间的经济事务中带来了一定程度的相互依赖和合作，而迄今为止，这些国家在尊重和保护人权与民主方面并没有相应的提升。），从而得出本题答案。

22.

事实细节题。根据题干要求，定位到原文第三段最后一句Theroleofhumanrightsorganizationsinthiscontextmustbetoensurethatglobalizationdrivesstandardsupnotdown,andtopresentthecasethatfreedomofexpressionandaccesstoofficialinformationarekeytosustainablehumanandeconomicdevelopmentandthepreventionofcorruption,whichinturnsupporttheconditionsnecessaryforsustainableeconomicgrowth.（人权组织在这方面的作用必须是确保全球化提高而不是降低标准，并提出言论自由和获得官方资料是可持续的人力和经济发展和防止腐败的关键，而这反过来又支持可持续经济增长所必需的条件。）从而得出本题答案。

23.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词“Multinationalcorporations”定位到原文第四段。选项A与第四段第二句中的recognizeadegreeofcorporatesocialresponsibility对应；选项B与原文第四段第四句中的moreandmoreaccountabletoshareholders；选项C与原文第四段第三句中的Transparencyintheoperations对应。选项D的表述不对，因为文中对需负责任的团体的限定是onwhichtheyhaveanimpact。即可得出本题答案。

24.

细节判断题。根据题干要求定位到原文第二段，由第二段第一句Theriseofglobaleconomicnetworkshasledtoariseintheinfluenceofglobalactors.（全球经济网络的崛起导致了全球参与者影响力的上升。）可知A正确；由第二段第二句可知选项B正确；D很显然也是正确的。而通过最后一句“Theestablishedinternationalpoliticalorganizationshavenotcomeclosetoreplicatingthiseffectiveness”说明，国际政治组织没有经济组织有效力。可判断选项C与原文不符，即可得出本题答案。

25.

主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者并未提及全球化的负面影响。从而得出本题答案。

4.单选题

Youmayeithersowwheatinrowsorbroadcastit,（）wayyoudoit;itisagoodthingtobreakupthesoilafterseeding.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whichever

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。

5.单选题

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere（）ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

问题1选项

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligible“微不足道的”；B选项discerned“察觉，辨别”；C选项ignorant“无知的”；D选项oblivious“健忘的”。句意：这些外表严肃的人沉浸在会话当中，似乎对周围嘈杂的人群一无所知。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonmisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialswithhigherefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor

（

）.

4.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.discussingtheimportanceofsolarenergy

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

问题2选项

A.explainwhysiliconsolarcellshavebeenthecenterofresearch

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon.

C.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

问题3选项

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.criticalanddiscouraged

B.biasedandunprofessional

C.analyticalandoptimistic

D.hesitatingandinconclusive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在开头指出，太阳能非常重要，进一步指出，太阳能电池显然是太阳能技术的重要组成部分，其成本高的问题尚未解决。作者接下来讨论对太阳能电池的研究以及生产硅电池遇到的困难。在第三段，作者指出，有一种解决问题的办法，那就是非结晶材料。所以全文的主要目的是把非结晶材料作为一种有可能解决太阳能电池成本高的问题，D选项‘描述了光伏电池成本问题的一种可能解决方案’正确。

2.细节事实题。根据原文“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsmakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.最近，有一些富有想象力的尝试使多晶硅和带状硅的成本低于高质量的单晶；但到目前为止，这些成本明显较低的材料的效率一直低得令人无法接受。此外，这些材料之所以更便宜，只是因为晶体半导体中引入了无序，无序降低了晶体太阳能电池的效率”可知引入结晶半导体的无序会降低晶体硅太阳能电池的效率，C选项‘尽量减少近期硅太阳能电池改进的重要性’正确。

3.推理判断题。尽管作者没有明确提倡为非结晶材料提供更多的研究基金，但全文隐含了这一论点。在第一段中Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsinglecrystalsolarcells研究经费的大部分用于研究单晶太阳能电池”。根据第三段主题句可知，非结晶材料可以成为硅电池的替代品。因此可以推知，应増加对非结晶材料的研究基金。

4.观点态度题。从文章可知，文中采用了大量的数据，有整数也有百分比；并且因为最后一段最后的内容表明作者的乐观的态度。本文通篇以事实描述的口吻向读者展示关于利用非晶材料节约太阳能发电节约成本的问题，并不带有主观色彩，而末尾对非结晶材料的使用又抱有希望，所以C选项‘分析的和乐观的’正确。

7.单选题

Examinationsdonot（）studentstoseekmoreknowledge.

问题1选项

A.exert

B.instruct

C.motivate

D.qualify

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。exert运用；instruct指导；motivate激励；qualify使…有资格。句意：考试无法激励学生去追求更多的知识。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

问题1选项

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降，我们不得不提供一种至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated预期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公务的；equivalent等价的，相等的；redundant多余的，过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。

9.单选题

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.

Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportedinabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”)，proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).

Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchersorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.

Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.

Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

2.Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

4.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

问题1选项

A.WritingofResearchReports.

B.TypesofJournalArticles

C.TypesofResearchReports.

D.WritingofDifferentArticles.

问题2选项

A.theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

B.theirwritingstyleandlength

C.theirpresentedplacesandtime

D.theircontentandpurposes

问题3选项

A.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguage.

B.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.

C.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.

D.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.

问题4选项

A.Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddiscussion.

B.Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.

C.Bynotingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedataandresults,etc.

D.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresultsandconclusions,etc.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合该文章的标题是什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“报告研究的形式有很多，比如刊登在期刊中的文章，给资助机构的报告等”(Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch…)以及第一段最后一句话“我们将会简单描述它们”(wewillnowbrieflydescribethem)，可知选项C“研究报告的种类”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们主要可以通过以下哪种方式来区分这些研究报告？”文章第一段提到“这些报告形式相互的主要区别是在其写作目的和针对的受众上”(Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress)。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“以下哪个成熟在文章中没被提到？”文章第五段提到会议论文主要以口头形式呈现（Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally），但是没有提到论文（thesesordissertations）也是以口头形式呈现，因此选项A没有在文中提及，符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“教授如何评估学生执行研究的能力？”文章第四段最后一句提到“对研究过程的详细描述是为了让教授了解学生进行研究的能力”(Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch)，而这些详细研究就是前面提到的“detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations”,因此选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Afterhewaspraisedforwhathehaddone,hesaid,“I______evenbetterunderharderconditions.”

问题1选项

A.woulddo

B.wouldhavedone

C.did

D.haddone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。under引导一个非真实条件句，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词应该用wouldhavedone，故B项正确。句意：在他的所作所为受到表扬后，他说，“在更艰苦的条件下，我会做得更好。”因此，该题选择B项正确。

11.单选题

Youmayhaveseenthiswhenyoutriedtoopenanewbankorcreditcardaccountandyouwerepresentedwithsomemultiplechoicequestionsaskingyoutoverifywhereyougotyour（

）orcarloan.

问题1选项

A.complication

B.revenue

C.mortgage

D.chasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complication“并发症；混乱；复杂化”；B选项revenue“税收收入；收益”；C选项mortgage“抵押；按揭”；D选项chasm“峡谷；分歧”。句意：当你尝试开立一个新的银行或信用卡账户时，你可能已经看到了这一点。你会被问到一些选择题，要求核实你的汽车贷款或……是从哪里来的。C选项符合题意。

12.翻译题

Desertification,broughtaboutbyhuman-inducedfactorsandclimatechange,isalanddegradationprocess.Humanactivitiessuchasover-cultivationandpoorirrigationmethodsareturningquicklyintobarrenpatchesoflandfertilesoilsthattakecenturiestoform.Withoutaccesstosustainablelandusepractices,poorfarmersarereducedtocultivatingdegradedland,onlytoinitiateaviciouscycle,whichiswhytackingruralpovertyiscriticaltocombatingdesertification.Nolong-termstrategyofpovertyeliminationcansucceedinthefaceoftheenvironmentalforcesthatpromotepersistenterosionofsoil.Undercurrentprojectionsofclimatechange,thehardshipandhumanlosscausedbydraughtscouldincreaseifitscontributingfactorsareleftun-addressed.

【答案】由人为因素和气候变化造成的荒漠化，是一个土地退化的过程。诸如过度耕种和不良的灌溉方式之类的人类活动，正将肥沃土壤迅速变成贫瘠的土地，而这些肥沃的土壤需要数百年才能形成。由于没有可持续的土地使用方法，贫困的农民只能退而求其次去耕种退化了的土地，由此引发恶性循环，这就是为什么消除农村贫困对防治荒漠化至关重要。面对促进土壤持续侵蚀的环境力量，任何消除贫困的长期战略都不可能取得成功。根据目前对气候变化的预测，如果导致干旱的因素得不到解决，干旱造成的苦难和人类损失可能会增加。

13.单选题

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

问题1选项

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

问题2选项

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

问题3选项

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkin