考研考博-英语-亳州学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-亳州学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations____.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.spontaneously

C.homogeneously

D.contemporarily

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.simultaneously同时地B.spontaneously自发地；自然地

C.homogeneously同样地D.contemporarily当今；时下

【答案】A

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：光纤电缆可以……传输数百个电话通话。光线电缆指的是利用光导纤维可进行光纤通信。光纤通信与电波通信相比，光纤通信能提供更多的通信通路，可满足大容量通信系统的需要。由此可推断，根据逻辑，光线电缆能够同时传输数个电话通话。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】光纤电缆可以同时传送数百个电话。

2.单选题

Todaychemicalsareusedtodestroycropinsects,topreservefoodandtopurifyourwateramongmanyother（）.

问题1选项

A.matters

B.things

C.businesses

D.accounts

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在的化学用品被用于杀死害虫，保护庄稼食物，还用于净化水源，还用于许多其他的事项。根据句意，空格处并列前文提及的化学剂的用途，则A项“事件；事情”最符合用法。

3.单选题

Becauseoftheeconomiccrisis,industrialoutputintheregionremained_____.

问题1选项

A.motionless

B.inactive

C.stagnant

D.immobile

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。motionless静止的，不运动的；inactive不活跃的，怠惰的；stagnant停滞的，萧条的；immobile固定的，不变的。句意：由于经济危机，该地区的工业产出仍然停滞不前。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

问题1选项

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。atanyprice“无论如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“无可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代这本书被广泛地翻译和复制，其影响力______。根据关键信息widely，可知选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

问题1选项

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项article“文章”；B选项adventure“冒险”；C选项ancient“古代的”；D选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜欢人造花而不喜欢天然花。选项D符合语境。

6.单选题

Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally______hispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.

问题1选项

A.illustrated

B.hinted

C.tied

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.illustrated说明，阐明B.hinted暗示；透露

C.tied（用线、绳等）系，拴D.displayed陈列；展出

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词thespeaker（演讲者）和hispoint（他的观点）可推知，空格处表示“阐明观点”，illustrate指用例子、故事或图表阐明，符合句意，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在讲座中，演讲者偶尔会通过讲述自己的经历来阐述他的观点。

7.单选题

Facing-portindustryhasbecomethebasicpillarofeconomicstrengthindevelopedcountriesandpromotedtheformationofinternationalproduction.

问题1选项

A.circumstance

B.motivation

C.backbone

D.initiative

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.circumstance条件，环境B.motivation动力

C.backbone支柱，骨干，基础D.initiative主动性，积极性

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】pillar的意思为“核心，基础，支柱”，临港工业是发达国家经济实力的基本核心，backbone与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】临港工业已成为发达国家经济实力的基本支柱，促进了国际化大生产方式的形成。

8.翻译题

学习对于心灵而言，犹如食物对于身体一样重要。摄取足够的食物营养之后，身体才得以成长，肌肉才得以发达。同样，为保持敏锐的心智能力和扩充智力容量，我们应该日复一日地不断学习。不断学习为我们提供无尽的能量，它是跟上信息时代步伐最稳妥的方法，也是在变动的时代中取得成功的可靠保证。

【答案】Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusclesdevelopwiththeintakeofadequatenutritiousfood.Likewise,weshouldkeeplearningdaybydaytomaintainourkeenmentalpowerandexpandourintellectualcapacity.Learningincessantlyisthesurestwaytokeeppacewiththetimesintheinformationage,andreliablewarrantofsuccessintimesofuncertainty.

9.填空题

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate（灵长类）todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持续的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.（当我们的人口在2000年开始时超过了60亿，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有几十种动物和植物灭绝，包括100多年来第一个灭绝的灵长类动物。）可以看得出动植物物种都在减少，因此题干错误。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.（没有特定的事件可以直接归咎于全球变暖，洪水和干旱将会更频繁和严重。）可以看出目前并没有证据证明是人口增多引起的，因此题干错误。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.（在过去的一个世纪里，人类尽其所能控制自然。我们在河流上筑坝，砍伐森林，耗尽土壤。）通过这句话可以得出题干是正确的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.（新世纪的目标是“可持续发展”。这有可能吗?这取决于我们对人类是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持续发展指的并不是题干所说的“经济发展将充分利用自然资源”，而是人类要意识到自己要和大自然共同发展，因此题干错误。

5.根据全文来看，作者一直都是在说明现在环境的恶劣，以及人类的责任重大，需要和自然好好相处，因此作者的意图就是希望大家重视环境保护问题。题干表达正确。

10.单选题

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

问题2选项

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

问题3选项

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

问题4选项

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

问题5选项

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（费尔德博士的技术不依赖于吸收光或反射光），可知层析相显微镜技术最独特的地方在于C选项“不依赖于吸收或反射光”，所以C选项正确。A选项“通过细胞的光在层析相显微镜中是不变的”：根据第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（为了测量细胞不同部分的折射率……这种技术包括将一束光一分为二。），可知在层析相显微镜技术中，通过细胞的光会变化，故错误。B选项“不需要技巧来杀死细胞”：根据第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（许多这样的把戏杀死了细胞，甚至那些使细胞存活的把戏也只能看到每个细胞的切片），可知不是杀死细胞才能观察，而是在观察的过程中杀死了细胞，故错误。D选项“它可以从三维空间看到细胞的所有组成部分”：文中没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以实际的“光速”移动，才能超过任何物体的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C选项“任何物质中的光速都比实际的‘光速’要慢。”正确，B选项“只有当光在真空中传播时，才能精确测量光速。”错误。A选项“在现实世界中，光通过透明材料时跑得最快。”和D选项“当光通过不同的细胞时，光的速度会发生变化”文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果没有样本存在，两个子光束相遇时的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷会相互加强，结果就是明亮……两束光的相位就越不一致。波峰将落在波谷上，结果将是黑暗。），可知如果两个子光束相遇时相位相同，波峰和波谷会相互加强，结果是明亮，那么如果结果是黑暗，两个子光束相位不一致，两个子光束就是相互削弱，所以D选项“两个子光束相互削弱”正确。A选项“没有光通过样品”的结果是明亮，故错误。B选项“样品的折射率非常大”文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“光通过样品的速度非常慢”：通过很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故错误。因此D选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲尔德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌症期间发生的变化是否会显现出来。他们在细胞的核仁中找到了。这里是制造蛋白质工厂成分的地方。），可知通过细胞核仁可以诊断癌症，所以C选项“检查核仁折光指数的变化”正确。A选项“检测蛋白质工厂成分的折射率变化”：文中指的是制造蛋白质工厂成分的核仁，而不是这些成分，故错误。B选项“发现子宫颈癌细胞某些部位的折光指数变化”和D选项“识别部分癌细胞核仁的折光指数的变化”中不是观察癌细胞的核仁，故错误。因此C选项正确。

35.主旨大意题。本文主要在讲通过层析相显微术观察透明细胞，包括原理和运用，所以B选项“观察透明物的新技术”正确。根据A选项“透明细胞的图像”，C选项“透明细胞的折射率”和D选项“检测癌细胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故错误。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

问题1选项

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。pioneer“先锋”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“过去”。句意：由于先前的约会，Lora上周六不能参加我的生日派对。C项符合题意。

12.翻译题

1.Whenyouareinthebusinessofsendingspacecrafttootherplanets,itisprobablywisetodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourspace-probessterile(无菌的).NASA,America’sspaceagency,certainlydoesso.Afterall,youwouldnotwanthugsfromoneplanettocontaminateanotherwheretheymightpossiblythrive.

ButaccordingtoCurtMileikowsky,oftheRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,thismayalreadyhavehappenednaturallybillionsofyearsagowhenthesolarsystemwasyoung.ForDrMileikowskyhastakenacentury-oldideacalledpanspermia(有生源说),andshownthatitisplausible.

2.Panspermiaisthetheorythatlifedoesnotstartindependentlyoneachplanetthathasit(assumingthatotherplanetsdo).Rather,ithopsfromplacetoplace,“infecting”newworldsasitgoes.Supportedbyexpertsinbiology,geologyandcelestialmechanics,DrMileikowskyarguedtotheAmericanAstronomicalSocietymeetinginAtlantathatthisisnotasoutlandishasitsounds.

3.Bunglingspaceorganizationsapart,theonlymodeoftravelopentomicrobesseemstobemeteorites.Mostofthesearesmallbitsofjunkfromtheasteroid(小行星)beltthathavegoneoffcourse.Butsomearerocksthathavebeenflungintospacefromthesurfacesofplanetsasaresultofthoseplanetshavingbeenstruckbyevenlargerbitsofrock—decent—sizedasteroidsorcomets.

4.Ifthereislifeonsuchaplanet,microscopicformsofitwillprobablylivedeepinsiderocks,astheydoonearth.Theaccelerationoflift-offwouldnotkillsomethingthatsize.

5.Ifarockislargeenough,theheatgeneratedasitisthrownclearwillbenegligibleexceptatitssurface—where,ifanything,meltingmayevenproduceanairtightskintoprotectanymicrobesdeeperdownfromtheunpleasantvacuumofspace.

【答案】1.当我们发射宇宙飞船到其他星球时，尽可能使太空探测器保持无菌状态是明智的。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是这样做。毕竟，我们不会希望一个星球的污染波及另一个它们可能繁衍的地方。

但根据斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院的库特•米里科夫斯基的说法，这可能在几十亿年前太阳系统还很年轻的时候就已经自然发生了。因为库特•米里科夫斯基博士采用了一个有百年历史的“有生源说”理论，并证明了它的合理性。

2.有生源说理论认为，生命并非独立起源于拥有生命的各个行星（假设其他行星上也有生命）。而是从一个地方弹跳似的传播到另一个地方，每到一个新世界就将那里“感染”。在生物学、地质学和天体力学方面的专家的支持下，库特•米里科夫斯基博士在亚特兰大举行的美国天文学会会议上指出，这也并没有听起来那么奇怪。

3.除了空间组织混乱之外，向微生物开放的唯一通道似乎是陨石。其中大多数是小行星带上的少量垃圾，它们已经偏离航向。但是，有些岩石却被行星表面抛入太空，这是因为这些行星被更大的小块岩石撞击，这些岩石是大小适中的小行星或彗星。

4.如果在这样的行星上存在生命，那么它的微观形式可能会像在地球上一样生活在深部的内部岩石中。加速起飞不会杀死那么大的东西。

5.如果一块岩石足够大，那么它扔出去时所产生的热量是微不足道的，除了在它的表面，在任何地方融化可能会产生不透气的皮肤，以保护更深层的微生物免受空间真空的伤害。

13.单选题

He（

）tomyproposal.

问题1选项

A.hasnotstillresponded

B.hasnotrespondedyet

C.hasyetnotresponded

D.stillhasnotresponded

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析题。yet和still都表示“还”的意思，但二者在句中的位置是不一样的。yet一般位于句尾或句中，而still则通常在句中，排除B选项，另外，在否定句中，still可以位于否定结构之前，而yet却不能这样使用，排除A、C选项，因此，答案选D。

14.单选题

______whenshestartedtocomplaining.

问题1选项

A.Notuntilhearrived

B.Nosoonerhadhearrived

C.Scarcelydidhearrive

D.Hardlyhadhearrived

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Notuntilhearrived直到他到达B.Nosoonerhadhearrived他一到达

C.Scarcelydidhearrive他一到达D.Hardlyhadhearrived他一到达

【考查点】倒装句。

【解题思路】根据句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardly…when…为倒装结构，表示“一……就……”，句子要部分倒装；根据started可知，事情发生在过去，她开始抱怨是在他到达之后，所以空格处要用过去完成时，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项不与when搭配；

B项一般与than搭配。

【句意】他刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。

15.单选题

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

问题1选项

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项surely“当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”；B选项eventually“最后，终于”；C选项precisely“精确地；恰恰”；D选项consequently“因此；结果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解释并提供的新知识最终得到了发展和确立。结合此处关键词atlength“终究；终归；最终”，得知B为正确答案。

16.单选题

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe______ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

问题1选项

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.reputation

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recognition“识别，承认”；appreciation“欣赏”；reputation“名声，名誉”；evaluation“评价”。句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

问题1选项

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

问题2选项

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

问题3选项

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

问题4选项

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

问题5选项

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治经济中起作用的力量。选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世贸组织的抗议活动表明并非所有人都认为全球化是一件好事。选项C与原文表述一致。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一样，使人民两极分化，改变他们的生活结构，并在人们内部以及人与人之间制造裂痕。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他们指出，许多西方国家的相对繁荣证明了全球化的积极影响。选项C正确。

5.根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批评人士认为，快速的、全系统的社会变革带来了令人不安的影响。也就是说，全球化导致了社会制度的迅速变化，使人们感到不安，所以选项B正确。

18.单选题

[A]Atitsmostbasic,corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere”.Itguides[B]whatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Itisawideterm[C]usedtodefinetheuniquepersonalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,[D]andincludessuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

问题1选项

A.Atitsmostbasic

B.what

C.usedtodefine

D.andincludes

【答案】B

【解析】考查关系词。B选项后面的句子主语是employees，谓语think，act，feel都是不及物动词，不能接宾语，因此应将what改为how。

19.单选题

Thisleadsrecordcompaniestotreatmusiciansascontractedartistswhoarenotpaidafixedsumfortheirlabor-time,butinsteadreceiveroyaltiesin（

）totheirsuccess.

问题1选项

A.addition

B.relation

C.percentage

D.proportion

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这导致唱片公司把音乐家当成签约艺术家，他们无法获得固定的工资，但是当他们成功后可以获得一定比例的版税。inproportionto“与某事物成比例”，因此选项D符合题意。

20.翻译题

许多人觉得跟计算机打交道比跟人打交道更自在。计算机更有耐心，不会对操作的人评头论足。许多学生向教师请教的时候，总会感到紧张，他们乐于向计算机提问。有些病人更愿意向计算机而不是向医生说明自己的病情，甚至出现了能够解决心理问题的计算机程序，因为许多人觉得与别人讨论自己的心理问题不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

21.单选题

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

问题1选项

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。desolate“使荒凉，使孤寂”；resolute“坚决的，刚毅的”；insolate“使暴晒”，insulate“隔离，使绝缘”。句意：为了安全起见，最好在电线涂上橡胶以绝缘。选项D符合题意。

22.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.

Amanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.(1)Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgmentorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,andtheyaresubjecttosuddenaccessesofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.(2)Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.

Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatasteforrationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies.(3)Theyregardover-simplificationastheoriginalsinofthemindandhavenousefortheslogans,theunqualifiedassertionsandsweepinggeneralizations