考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

研究表明，与20年前相比，尽管社交媒体越来越受人们欢迎，但是青少年的朋友却日益减少。一份历时12年、涵盖20万高中生的研究发现，虽然年轻人的朋友越来越少，但是他们更多交友的意向并无增多。该研究认为，经济变化在促使个人主义增长的同时，可能导致人们交友兴趣减弱，使人们更多转向自立、增强自尊、减少孤独感。

【答案】Despitethegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia,teenagershavefewerfriendsthantheydid20yearsago.Asurvey,carriedoutfor12years,ofmorethan200,000UShighschoolstudentsfoundthatyoungpeoplehadfewerfriends,butlessdesireformakingmorefriends.Thestudyhasshownthateconomicchangesleadtoincreasedindividuality,whichcouldleadtodecreasinginterestinfriends,increasingself-reliance,increasingself-esteemanddecreasingloneliness.

2.单选题

WhileitmaybedebatablewhetherSuezmarkedtheendofBritain’simperialera,itundoubtedlyblewawaythe（）ofcoequalityintheAnglo-Americanpartnership.

问题1选项

A.mirage

B.disillusion

C.conjuration

D.deception

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。mirage“幻想，妄想”；disillusion“幻灭，醒悟”；conjuration“祈祷，咒语”；deception“欺骗，欺诈”。句意：尽管苏伊士运河是否标志着英国帝国主义的结束存在争议，但是毫无疑问它吹走了英美伙伴关系中平等的幻想。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

问题1选项

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transitions“过度，转变”；B选项transformations“转变，转换”C选项exchanges“交换，交易所”；D选项fluctuations“波动，变化”。句意：气温的变化让我们难以决定该穿什么。这里根据句意答案选D。A选项指从一种状态到另一种状态的转变过程，Weneedtoensureasmoothtransitionbetweentheoldsystemandthenewone.（我们得确保新旧制度间的平稳过渡），本句指的是温度的变化没有提到从冷到热或者从热到冷这一对具有明显反义的词出现，所以不能选。B、C选项带入文中不符合题意。

4.单选题

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

问题1选项

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:destruction“破坏，毁灭”；B:disaster“灾难；不幸”；C:damage“损害”；D:collapse“崩溃；衰弱”。句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。根据句意，精神伤害应为mentaldamage，故C为正确答案。

5.单选题

Theyspeakofelectioncampaignpollsasamusicianmightofanorchestra____,orapainterofdefectivepaint.

问题1选项

A.inpace

B.outoffocus

C.instep

D.outoftune

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inpace保持同步B.outoffocus失焦

C.instep步调一致D.outoftune走调

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格处所填词是音乐家（amusician）的后置定语，而根据原句句意“他们把选举投票说成是‘管弦乐队中____的乐师’或‘油漆涂不好（defectivepaint）的油漆匠’”，由此可知，空格处的内容应该与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义一致，因此，D选项outoftune“走调”符合原文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项inpace“保持同步”，与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致；

B选项outoffocus“失焦”，一般用于摄影师，不用于乐师；

C选项instep“步调一致”与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致。

【句意】他们把选举投票说成是“管弦乐队中跑调的乐师”或“油漆有缺陷的油漆匠”。

6.单选题

Somejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat

问题1选项

A.explosion

B.sensation

C.exaggeration

D.stimulation

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。createagreatsensation表示“引起轰动”

7.单选题

Itwasn'tuntilthelate19thcenturythatphysiciansrealizedthatits_______symptomswereallpartofthesamedisease.

问题1选项

A.perfunctory

B.peremptory

C.perplexing

D.perambulatory

【答案】C

【解析】perfunctory敷衍的;peremptory强制的,专横的;perplexing复杂的,令人困惑的;perambulatory巡视的。句意：直到19世纪末,医生们才意识到,这些令人费解的症状都是同一种疾病的一部分。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

问题1选项

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“载客人数”，为固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“设施”。句意：它的载客人数使其成为世界上最大的双引擎客机。答案B

9.单选题

Humaneyesightissokeenthatonaclear,moonlessnightapersonstandingonamountainpeakcanseeamatchbeingstruckasfarasfiftymilesaway.

问题1选项

A.slapped

B.lit

C.stuck

D.blazed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。struck表示“打击，划（火柴），罢工”。A项slap“拍击”，B项lit“点亮，点燃”，C项stick“刺，戳”，D项blaze“燃烧，照耀”。句意：人类的视力是如此敏锐，在一个晴朗、没有月亮的夜晚，一个人站在山顶上，就能看到50英里外的人正在划一根火柴。根据题意该题选B。

10.单选题

()beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfultimetogether.

问题1选项

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句为混合虚拟语气。从句部分有表示将来的时间词thedayaftertomorrow，因此用wereto的形式。虚拟条件句中如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略，将这三个词移到从句句首位置，并倒装。Itisabouttimethat是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反，that从句的谓语用一般过去时。因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

DuringtheSpringFestivalholiday,Chinesecitizensaregrantedavisa-upon-arrivalin37countriesandregions,whileafurther11countriesandregionsare（）visa-free.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.measurable

C.abnormal

D.accessible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项identical表示“同一的，完全相同的”；B选项measurable表示“可测量的，重大的，重要的”；C选项abnormal表示“反常的，不规则的”；D选项accessible表示“可进入的，可理解的，易接近的”。由句意可知，在春节期间，中国公民在37个国家和地区享有落地签证的权利，而在另外的11个国家和地区，享受免签待遇。因此，D选项含义最符合句意要求，故本题正确答案为D选项。

12.翻译题

1.Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost:protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

2.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

23.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Then,lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

24.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.就大多数人而言，购物仍然意味着沿着大街闲逛或者在大型购物中心装满购物车。不久，这种情况会有所改变。电子商务迅猛发展，不久会给人们带来更多的选择。然而，这需要付出代价：保护顾客使之免受欺骗会更加困难。因此，许多政府想把街道的条例延伸到电子世界。

2.富裕国家的消费者已习惯于这样的观念，政府应对一切负责，包括银行的稳定和药物的安全，以及退回有缺陷商品的权利，但是一些政府不会把国家的法律强加给只在本国屏幕上出现的企业。

3.一种回答是：政府之间要进行更多的合作，即承认彼此的条例，但这需要许多详细的条例，许多国家制定的条例纯属空想，以至于一些严肃的国家不愿接受，那么就让电子企业自我约束吧。

4.在电子商务中，诚信经营的声誉会成为竞争中的无价之宝。为了赢得信誉，一些政府也可能会展开竞争。譬如说，在网上订购药品的顾客可能愿意从美国那里购买，因为他们相信食品及药品管理局的严格审查，他们也有可能断定食品及药品管理局的条例过于苛刻，因而从瑞士那里购买。

13.单选题

Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas（

）methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.

问题1选项

A.advocated

B.implied

C.convinced

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】convincesb.that“使某人相信...”。句意:我与各行各业领导人的共事让我相信,他们不是天生的领导者,而是后天形成的。选项C正确。

14.单选题

WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-generalRenatoRuggierspredictedthattheWTOwouldboostglobalincomesby51trillioninthenexttenyears.Thepactpavesthewayformoreforeigninvestmentandcompetitionintelecommakers.Manygovernmentsaremakingtelecomderegulationapriorityandmakingiteasierforoutsiderstoenterthetelecommunicationbusiness.

Thepacevarieswidely.TheU.S.andBritainarewellaheadofthepack,whileThailandwon'tfullyopenuntil2006.only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.Thatshouldjumptoabout75%inacoupleofyears--largelyduetotheTelecomActintheU.S.lastyearthatderegulatedlocalmarkets,theopeningupoftheEuropeanUnionsmarketsfromJan.1,1998andthederegulationinJapan.TheWTOdealnowprovidesaforumfortheinevitabledisputesalongtheway.Itisalsosymbolic:thefirstmajortradeagreementofthepost-industrialage.Insteadofbeingobsessedwithtextilequotas,theWTOpactisproofthatgovernmentsarerealizingthatinaninformationage,telecomistheoilandsteelofeconomiesinthefuture.Businessesaroundtheworldarealreadyspendingmoreintotalontelecomservicesthantheydoonoil.

Consumers,meanwhile,canlookforwardtoafutureoflowerprices—bysomeestimates,internationalcallingratesshoulddrop80%overseveralyears-andbetterservice.Thanksinparttothevastlyincreasedcallvolumecardedbythefiber-opticcablesthatspantheglobetoday,callinghalfaworldawayalreadycostslittlemorethantelephoningnextdoor.Themonopoliescannolongersrthighpricesforinternationalcallsinmanycountries.IntheU.s.,theworld'dmostfiercelycompetitivelongdistancemarket,frequentcallerssincelastyearhavebeenpayingabout12centsaminutetocallBritain,apricenotmuchmorethandomesticrates.

ThenewcompetitiveenvironmentonthehorizonmeansmoreopportunitiesforcompaniesfromtheU.S.andU.K.inparticularbecausetheyhaveplentyofpracticeattherough-and-tumbleoffreemarkets.TheU.S.lobbiedhardfortheWTOdeal,confidentthatitsfirmswouldbebigbeneficiariesofmoreopenmarkets.Britainhasbeenderegulatedsince1984butwillseeevenmorecompetitionthanbefore;inDecember,thegovernmentissued45newinternationallicensestojoinBritainTelecomsothatitwillbecomeastrongcompetitorintheinternationalmarket.However,theonce-cossetedindustrywillgetrougherworldwide.Returnsoncapitalwillcomedown.Riskswillgoup.Thatishowfreemarketswork.Itwilllooklikeanybusiness.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainthemeofthepassage?

2.Whatdoes"wellaheadofthepack"meaninrespectoftheU.S.andBritain?

3.Wecanreasonablyconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

4.Inlastparagraph,theword"lobby"probablymeans“（）”.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Thereisagreatpotentialintheworldtelecommarket.

B.TheWTOpacthasboostedarapiddevelopmentoftelecomallovertheworld.

C.TheWTOpacthasopenedupbiggertelecommarketstocompetition.

D.Governmentshaverealizedtheimportanceoftelecommunication.

问题2选项

A.Theirtelecomtechnologyismuchmoreadvanced.

B.Theirtelecommarketsaremuchmoreopen.

C.Theyhavemoremoneyinvestedinforeigntelecombusiness.

D.Theyhavemorecompetitioninthetelecommarkets.

问题3选项

A.theworldtelecommarkethasbeenfullyexploredsincethesigningoftheWTOpact

B.telecomcompaniesoftheU.S.andU.K.willundoubtedlydominatetheworldtelecommarket

C.manygovernmentshavegrantedagreatinvestmentintheirtelecombusiness

D.theWTOpactmeanstoughercompetitionfortelecomcompaniesandgentlerpriceforcallers

问题4选项

A.persuade

B.approve

C.separate

D.imitate

问题5选项

A.informativeandneutral

B.seriousandcautions

C.enthusiasticandoptimistic

D.analyticalandworried

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Thepactpavesthewayformoreforeigninvestmentandcompetitionintelecommakers.”该协议为更多外国投资和电信业竞争铺平了道路。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的二三句“TheU.S.andBritainarewellaheadofthepack,whileThailandwon'tfullyopenuntil2006.only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.”美国和英国遥遥领先意味着他们的电信市场更加开放。选项B正确。

3.根据第二段的第三句“only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.”说明电信市场还没有完全开放,所以选项A错误；选项B的说法太绝对,也不正确；选项C政府投资在文中没有提及。根据倒数第二段的内容可知选项D正确。

4.根据原句“TheU.S.lobbiedhardfortheWTOdeal,confidentthatitsfirmswouldbebigbeneficiariesofmoreopenmarkets.”美国相信他们的企业将成为更多开放市场中的最大受益者。所以美国一直在为WTO达成协议说好话,试图说服WTO尽快达成协议,所以选项A符合原文。

5.作者在原文中没有表现出自己的观点,只是描述详细的信息,所以选项A正确。

15.单选题

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

问题1选项

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.learning

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intellectualproperty意为“知识产权”。

句意：人们越来越了解到保护知识产权的必要性。

16.单选题

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三联征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(视网膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血肿),andcerebraledema(脑水肿)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

问题1选项

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

问题2选项

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

问题3选项

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentresult

D.themedicalliteraturepublishedafter1998containedadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

问题4选项

A.theprosecutionofSBSdefendantwillnolongerexist

B.thepastconvictionofSBSwilldefinitelybeannouncedtobeerror

C.therewillprobablybechallengetopastconvictionforcorrection

D.doctorsaregoingtoabandonthetermSBS

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】83.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三联征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.（作为一个绝对的问题，婴儿摇晃综合征的科学不再支持在三联征案件中无可置疑地找到证据——这些案件代表了大量SBS起诉）以及最后一段Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.（将循证框架应用于SBS文献导致了一个显著的决定：1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知SBS是用来控诉被告造成婴儿死亡的一种综合征，选B选项“法庭用来指控被告造成婴儿死亡的一种综合症”；A选项“一种可以被婴儿传染的疾病”，B选项“医生通过观察确定婴儿死亡原因的一种综合症”和D选项“一项新发现”原文未涉及，排除。因此B选项符合题意。

84.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段第一句Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(视网膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血肿),andcerebraledema(脑水肿)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.（在过去，仅仅存在视网膜出血、硬膜下血肿和脑水肿就被认为是婴儿受到了足够大的震动，产生了所谓的鞭打力）可知B选项“视网膜出血”，C选项“硬膜下血肿”以及D选项“脑水肿”这些症状的存在使医生相信婴儿被用力摇晃，不符合题意，排除；A选项“婴儿不到一岁”原文未涉及，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

85.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知A选项“1998年以前出版的医学文献包含不充分的科学证据，无法得出确定的结论”和B选项“先前关于与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面的结论是不正确的”描述正确，最后一段开头Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination（将循证框架应用于SBS文献导致了一个显著的决定），结合下文可知这个显著的决定和以往的内容不同，因此C选项“将循证框架应用于SBS文献产生了不同的结果”描述正确；D选项“1998年之后出版的医学文献包含了足够的科学证据来得出坚定的结论”在最后一段未提及，属于过度推断。因此D选项符合题意。

86.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文第一段最后一句Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.（简单地说，这里的变化增加了过去错误的真正可能性）以及最后一段最后一句themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知最近的研究结果可能会让过去的定罪产生质疑，选C选项“可能会对过去的定罪提出质疑”，A选项“SBS被告的起诉将不复存在”和B选项“SBS过去的定罪肯定会被宣布为错误”属于过度推断，排除；第三段Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace...（虽然没有一个单独的术语来代替它……）只能推断出没有另外的术语来代替SBS，无法得知SBS是否会被医生放弃，D选项“医生们将放弃术语SBS”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

17.翻译题

由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。

大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确实有浓厚的趣味。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】Welearnnothingmorethansomebasicallycommonknowledgefromprimarytosecondaryschool.Evenifduringfour-yearuniversitylife,weweretaughtonlyrudimentsofscholarship.Universitiesareusuallyknownas“thehighesteducationalinstitution”,whichislikelytocausethemisunderstandingthatthereisnomoretolearnafteruniversity.

Theresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarethecertainplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttastingoflearningwherefocusonresearchmethodandpractice.Knowledgeisinfiniteandlifeislimited.Thus,ancientpeopleneverstoptheirstudyevenwhentheywereveryold.However,therewasstronginterestinthisprocess.

【解析】

18.单选题

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause（

）.

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

问题1选项

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

问题2选项

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

问题4选项

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

问题5选项

A.Changesinlightcauseelectronpairstochangethedirectionoftheirspin.

B.Magnetitecontainselectronsthatrepeleachother.

C.Electronsthatspininoppositedirectionsneutralizeeachother.

D.Thenucleusofanatomisorbitedbyelectronpairs.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句提到鸟类迁徙的主要原因是为了获取食物和躲避不利的气候，并举了昆虫的例子来说明食物对鸟类的迁徙有重大作用。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段最后一句提到鸟类的大脑里有磁体，所以它们可以感应南极跟北极的磁极磁场。选项D符合题意。

3.文章第四段第一句提到了关于信鸽的实验，主要说明了磁性在迁徙过程中起到了重要的作用。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段第一句somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges，排除选项A；第二段第四句otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebystars,排除选项B；第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除D选项。选项C符