考研考博-英语-九江职业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-九江职业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

问题1选项

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

问题2选项

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

问题3选项

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

问题4选项

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

问题1选项

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

问题2选项

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

问题3选项

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

问题4选项

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知A选项“司法审查是对某些法律客体的审查”并不是作者认为法院在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法审查就是对这种行为的审查。行动需要参与者：行动需要主语。所以在司法审查把重点放在行动上，更不用说客体，应该从主体开始）可知D选项“司法审查以客体为中心，应以主体为起点”和原文不符，作者认为是以“行为”为中心，排除，以及C选项“动作需要主语”并不是在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同时可知B选项“司法审查是对行为的审查”符合题意，作者认为目前存在的困惑是司法审查应该先审查行为，而不是审查某些法律课题，但是传统司法审查所做的内容与之相悖，所以产生了困惑。因此B选项符合题意。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到划线句子处Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（这些词之间的语法关系可能就像这些词本身一样具有启示意义。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“启示意义”，选C选项“提供有用信息”；A选项“同样重要”，B选项“告知相同的背景”以及D选项“语法关系”不符合原文的语境，排除。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干问：笔者认为，除了___之外，对违宪主体的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。结合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事实上，在无数杂乱无章的学说中，对违宪谓词的困惑直接源于对主体更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（这种基本的混乱，就像法律中的大多数混乱一样，源于对文本的关注不够）可知是对于文本关注不够，导致了对主体更基本的困惑。因此对于文字的困惑并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了对违宪主体的困惑，则A选项“法令的文字”并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的；B选项“一个案件的事实是否已经发展到足以做出有用的决定”，C选项“当事人提出法律要求的权利”以及D选项“是使整个合同无效还是仅仅使冒犯的文字无效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（当然，单个单词很重要，但同样重要的是文本结构）可知作者认为同等的文本结构与词语同等重要，选C选项“认为在司法审查中，同等的文本结构与词语同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已经过去两个世纪了，人们对法院在进行司法审查时究竟在审查什么仍有很深的困惑。）无法推断出A选项“认为马布里诉麦迪逊案是美国第一个司法审查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知作者是认为传统观点并不正确，而不是不同意法院以前司法审查的做法，B选项“不同意法院以前司法审查的做法”排除；倒数第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要关注这一重要的宪法特征，即宪法的主体，这些困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决）可知作者认为只要关注宪法的主体，联邦联邦管辖权的困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决，不能简单地说D选项“认为联邦管辖权的难题可以一劳永逸地解决”，太过片面，排除。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto（）himinhiswork.

问题1选项

A.hamper

B.support

C.assist

D.encourage

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项hamper“妨碍，束缚”；B选项support“支持，维持”；C选项assist“帮助，参加”；D选项encourage“鼓励”。句意：他们俩都看不起他，并且都试图妨碍他工作。只有选项A符合语境。

4.单选题

Ihatepeoplewho（）theendofafilmthatyouhaven'tseenbefore.

问题1选项

A.reveal

B.rewrite

C.revise

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。reveal“揭示，揭露，显露”；rewrite“重写，改写”；revise“修订，复习”；reverse“颠倒，撤销，反转”。句意：我讨厌别人泄露我还没看过的电影的结局。A项符合题意。

5.单选题

AsaCongressmanfromOhio,aRepublican,and（）theantiwarmovement,theyoungpoliticianbecamewellblownduringthe1960s.

问题1选项

A.aleaderof

B.tolead

C.leading

D.liewasleading

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。分析题干可知，空格应该跟前面的aCongressman和aRepublican是并列的，因此A项正确。句意：作为俄亥俄州的国会议员、共和党人和反战运动的领袖，这位年轻的政治家在20世纪60年代大受欢迎。

6.单选题

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:cherish“珍爱”；B:embrace“包括；拥抱”；C:embody“表现，象征”；D:harbour“隐匿；怀着；包含，藏有”。句意：一个保守的人总是对当今世界发生的变化怀有敌意。根据语境和句意可知D为正确答案。

7.翻译题

WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSoWell?Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguage,weoftenfindthisinterestingfactalittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowers,inmostcases,mayendupwithafaultyandinexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference?

Despiteotherexplanations,therealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechildhimself,partlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace,thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofall,namely,thefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightand,whatismoreimportant,alwaysinitsgenuineform,withtherightpronunciation,rightintonation,rightuseofwordsandrightstructure.Hedrinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminafresh,ever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.

Thenthechildhas,asitwere,privatelessonsalltheyearround,whileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituations,alwaysaccompaniedbytherightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.Herethereisnothingunnatural,suchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschools,whenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagain,whenhisattemptsatspeecharesuccessful,hisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.

Finally,thoughachild’s“teachers”maynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching,theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessonseasy.

NewEffortstoLeanaboutMarsTwoweeksago,theUnitedStateslaunchedaspaceshipnamedMarsGlobalSurveyor.ItisexpectedtoarriveatMarsnextSeptemberaftertravelingabout7hundredmillionkilometers.Itwillorbittheplanet.ItsmaintaskistomakethemostdetailedmapofMars.OnDecember2nd,theUnitedStatesistolaunchanotherspacecraftMarsPathfinder.Althoughthetwospacecraftsarenotdesignedtosearchforlife,theywillseekoutconditionsthatcouldsupportlife.

MarsisthefourthplanetfromtheSunthenextbeyondEarth.Ithasbeenabrightobjectofmysteryinthenightskysinceancienttimes.ItisnamedfortheRomanGodofWar.Becauseofthecolorofitssoilandrocks,Marsisalsocalledtheredplanet.Iflife,pastorpresent,istobefoundanywhereelseinthesolarsystem,scientistssay,Marsisprobablythespace.TheythinkMarsandEarthweresimilarasyoungplanets.TheybelievethatyoungMarswasmuchwarmerandwetterthanitisnow;andhadmuchthickeratmosphere.Today,Mars’atmosphereislessthan1%asthickasEarth’s.ItismostlycarbondioxidewhileEarth’satmosphereismainlynitrogen.MarsisabouthalfthesizeofEarth.Itisalmost7,000kilometersacross.Ithashugevolcanoesandcanyon4,000kilometersacross,thebiggestknowninthesolarsystem.Marsisalsoknownforgreatduststormswhichsometimescovertheplanet.TheaveragetemperatureonMarsis53degreesbelowzeroCelsius.Mars’warmatmosphereis27abovezero.

InsomeplacestheMartiansurfacelookslikeadesertonEarth.Inothers,itlookslikethesurfaceofourmoon.BystudyingMars,scientistssaywecanhopetolearnmoreaboutthehistoryandperhapsthefutureofourownplanet.SurfaceonMarsthatarealmost4,000millionyearsoldshowremainsofancientlakes.Thesesuggestthatthatliquidwateronceflowed.Marswaterishiddenunderitssurfacenow.Instrumentsonthespacecraftwillsearchforit.

ExtinctionStalksWorld’sTigersUnlessgovernmentstakesignificantmeasurestoprotecttigers,theymaygoextinctby2010,theWorldWildlifeFundsaidThursday.

Theconservationgroupsaidtigernumbershavedecreased95percentinthepastcenturyandonly5,000—7,200tigersstillsurviveinthewild—comparedwithnearly10timesthatmanyatthestartofthecentury.

WWF,publishedanupdateFeb.11,2019oftheirstudy—WantedAlive:TigersintheWild,markingtheendoftheChineseYearoftheTiger.

Thereportstatesthatdespitesustainedeffortsoverthepastyear,muchremainstobedonetopreventthetigerfrombecomingextinctearlynextcentury.Ifgovernmentsdonotcrackdownonpoachingandeliminatethedemandfortigerproducts,thetigerwillbestalkedtoextinction,saysWWF.

“WecannotletupforonemomentifwearetoensurethattigerswillstillexistinthewildbythenextChineseYearoftheTigerin2010,”saidElizabethKemf,speciesconservationinformationmanageratWWFInternationalandoneoftheauthorsofthereport.

Thegroupcitesillegalhuntingforthemedicinaltrade,lossofpreyspeciesweaklawenforcement,poaching,habitatlossandashrinkinggenepoolastheothermajorthreatsfacingtheworld’stigerpopulation.

TheWWFsaidonemajorsuccessduring1998wasthepassageoflegislationbytheU.S.Congressbanningtheimportandsaleofanyproductclaimingtocontainingredientsmadeofrhinoceros—anotherendangeredspecies—ortigerparts.

Inaddition,WWFestablishedaTigerEmergencyFund,supportedtheTigerConservationPrograminIndia,andworkedintheRussianFarEast.

Threeoftheeightsubspeciesoftiger—theBali,CaspianandJavantigersareextinct.TheSouthChinatigerfacesthesamefactsasonly20or30areknowntoremaininthewild,downfromanestimated4,000inthe1950s.

【答案】【参考译文】

为什么母语学得这么好？8.单选题

Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.

问题1选项

A.slavish

B.fawning

C.subservient

D.subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项slavish表示“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”，B项fawning表示“奉承的，恭维的，讨好的”，指通过谄媚和奉承来获得注意和赞赏，C项subservient表示“屈从的，奉承的，恭顺的”，指某人非常愿意服从别人，D项subordinate表示“从属的，隶属的，次要的”。句意：对于一些女性来说，家政是比事业更重要的事情，而对于另一些女性来说，养家和照顾家庭是生活中最令人满足的召唤。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Neitherisitalmostseen,thatverybeautifulpersonsareotherwiseofgreatvirtue,asifnaturewereratherbusynotto（

）thaninlabortoproduceexcellency.

问题1选项

A.err

B.omit

C.escalate

D.slip

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项err“犯错；走上歧途”；B选项omit“省略；遗漏；疏忽”；C选项escalate“逐步增强；变得严重”；D选项slip“滑动；滑倒”。句意：人不尽知：绝色无大德也；一如自然劳碌终日，但求无过，而无力制成上品。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

（

）Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.

问题1选项

A.Aslongas

B.As

C.While

D.Even

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词。A选项Aslongas“只要”；B选项As“只要，随着”；C选项While“尽管”；D选项Even“甚至，即使”。（）我同情，我对他们脱困帮助不了太多。这里两个句子是转折让步的关系，所以答案A排除，as引导让步状语的时候要用部分倒装，所以答案B排除；D选项是副词不能连接两个句子，所以答案D排除；所以答案选C选项。

11.单选题

Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.which

C.withwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活在这个国家的西部有很多问题，其中获取淡水还不是小问题。横线到句尾是修饰problems的非限制性定语从句，语序还原为obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleastofproblems，A选项ofwhich符合题意。B选项which缺介词；C选项withwhich和D选项forwhich介词错误。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Ican'tpossiblymarkyourhomework;yourhandwritingis（）.

问题1选项

A.illogical

B.illiterate

C.illusive

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。illogical不合逻辑的；illiterate不识字的，文盲的；illusive错觉的，虚假的；illegible难辨认的，字迹模糊的。句意：我无法给你的作业打分，因为你的笔迹难以辨认。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

问题1选项

A.subtle

B.eternal

C.inherent

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。subtle“微妙的”；eternal“永恒的”；inherent“固有的”；intrinsic“本质的，固有的”。句意：钻石的内在的价值很少，它的价格几乎完全取决于它的稀少。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Oneeffectofthe（

）economyof2009onstateandlocalgovernmentsisadecreaseinincome,sales,andpropertytaxrevenues.

问题1选项

A.prosperous

B.sluggish

C.substantial

D.pervasive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。prosperous意为“繁荣的，兴旺的”；sluggish意为“缓慢的，迟缓的”；substantial意为“大量的，重大的”；pervasive意为“遍布的，普遍的”。

句意：2009年经济发展缓慢对国家和地方政府的影响是收入、销售和财产税收入的减少。

15.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故选D。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.

Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.

Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.

WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.

Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.

Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.

Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.

【答案】在过去的四十年里，西方渔业科学家研究了鱼类种群的动态，目的是确定渔获量与鱼类数量之间的关系。

显然，科学不仅包括仔细观察，而且还要乐于创新；这可能需要超越现有的在某一特定领域管理研究的模式。

从业者明确解释他们所观察到的内容，并且通常在数据收集过程完成后，从他们观察到的人的角度对他们的数据进行分类。

社会科学探究的对象是模式化的社会常规。对这些常规的调查显示了大多数人类的行为都是模式化的，从重大的行为到微小的行为。

华尔街以借来的时间为生。自从1987年10月的证券市场崩溃以来，散户投资者纷纷撤出股票，新股发行大幅减少。

事实上，对这些清单的整理已经足够消除我们的虚荣心了。因为一个人越多地看一个陌生领域中的东西，他就越迫切地想要放弃的编辑的装模作样，并承担起学生的谦逊。

在所有学习领域中，最重要的是培养态度。情感反应和逻辑思维过程影响着大多数人的行为。

文化是一个特定群体的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总和。从这个意义上说，每一个群体都有一种文化，无论在我们看来它是野蛮的、不发达的还是不文明的。

如果我们接受我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的想法，它使我们能够更容易地处理如秘密和欺骗那些阻碍我们获得准确信息的事物。

虽然过去人口少且稳定，可造成的永久性损害很少，但随着人类社区规模和数量的稳步增加森林和土壤几乎没有时间恢复。

17.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。

祖国的地下到处都是埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。

弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

不经一事，不长一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考虑这些情况，恐怕就解决不好“代沟”问题。

【答案】Withoutthereformandopening-up,theeconomicwillnotbewelldevelopedliketoday.

Therearerichmineralresourcesatundergroundofourmotherland.

Ifscrewup,you'llbacktosquareone.

Afallinthepit;againinthewit.

Theyoungdiffersfromtheoldwhiletheyoungwomenandoldladyvaryalot,withoutattentiontothis,it'shardtosolvethe“generationgap”.

18.单选题

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.

问题1选项

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小错,过失；landscape风景；layout布局,设计；locality地点,位置。句意：他们站在山顶欣赏美丽的风景。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

问题1选项

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“attention”，意为注意力，关心；B选项“heed”，意为“注意，听从”；C选项“grief”，意为“悲痛，忧伤”；D选项“tribute”意为“致敬，悼念”，句意：总统向灭火的消防队员致敬，称赞他们的勇敢拯救了无数生命。因此，D选项符合句意。

20.单选题

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

问题1选项

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty伤亡人员；critics评论家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亚马逊雨林中减少焚烧的直接受益者之一是栗子工业：通过给栗树授粉，使栗子发育的昆虫往往会被烟雾赶走。根据冒号后的内容可判断空格处应填一个正面的积极词汇，故D项正确。

21.不定项选择题

Flightsimulator(飞行模拟器)referstoanyelectronicormechanicalsystemfortrainingairplaneandspacecraftpilotsandcrewmemberbysimulatingfightconditions.Thepurposeofsimulationisnottocompletelysubstitute(1)actualfighttrainingbuttothoroughlyfamiliarizestudentswiththevehicle(2)beforethey(3)extensiveandpossiblydangerousactualflighttraining.Simulationsalsoisusefulforreviewandforfamiliarizingpilotswithnew(4)toexistingcraft.

TwoearlyflightsimulatorsappearedinEnglandwithinadecadeafterthefirstfightofOrvilleandWilburWright.Theyweredesignedtoenablepilotstostimulatesimpleaircraft(5)inthreedimensions:noseupordown;leftwinghighandrightlow,orviceversa;and(6)toleftorright.Ittookuntil1929,however,foratrulyeffectivesimulator,theLinkTrainer,toappear,devisedbyEdwinA.Link,aself-educatedaviatorandinventorfromBinghamton,NewYork.(7),airplaneinstrumentationhadbeendevelopedsufficientlytopermit“blind”flyingoninstrumentsalone,buttrainingpilotstodosoinvolved(8)risk.Linkbuiltamodelofanairplanecockpitequipped(9)instrumentpanelandcontrolsthatcouldrealisticallystimulateallthemovementsofanairplane.Pilotscouldusethedeviceforinstrumenttraining,manipulatingthecontrols(10)instrumentreadingssoastomaintainstraightandlevelflightor(11)climbordescentwithnovisualreference(12)anyhorizonexceptfortheartificialoneontheinstrumentpanel.Thetrainerwasmodified(13)aircrafttechnologyadvanced.CommercialairlinesbegantousetheLinkTrainerforpilottraining,andtheUSgovernmentbeganpurchasingthemin1934,(14)thousandsmoreasWorldWarII(15).

问题1选项

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.on

问题2选项

A.concerning

B.concern

C.beingconcerned

D.concerned

问题3选项

A.undertake

B.undergo

C.underplay

D.underuse

问题4选项

A.models

B.modifications

C.modifiers

D.modicum

问题5选项

A.manifestations

B.manipulations

C.manifestoes

D.maneuvers

问题6选项

A.yawling

B.yawning

C.yawing

D.yawping

问题7选项

A.Fromthenon

B.Fromnowon

C.Bynow

D.Bythen

问题8选项

A.considerable

B.considerate

C.considering

D.considered

问题9选项

A.for

B.in

C.wi