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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中南大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Peoplewholack()corevaluesrelyonsuchexternalfactorsastheirlooksorstatusinordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves.
问题1选项
A.genuine
B.horizontal
C.naval
D.pessimistic
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。genuine“真实的,真正的”;horizontal“水平的,地平线的”;naval“海军的,军舰的”;pessimistic“悲观的”。句意:缺乏()核心价值观的人依赖一些外部因素,比如相貌或地位来使自己感觉良好。能修饰corevalues的只有A项。
2.单选题
Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto().
问题1选项
A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass
B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes
C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes
D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass
【答案】A
【解析】语法题。考查倍数表达:倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。句意:钢化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A项正确。
3.单选题
Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir(
)forworldconquest.
问题1选项
A.admiration
B.ambition
C.administration
D.orientation
【答案】B
【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项admiration“羡慕”;B选项ambition“野心、企图”;C选项administration“管理、行政”;D选项orientation“方向、定位”。句子的主语是diplomaticprinciples“外交政策”,laysth.bare是一个固定短语,意思为“显示,揭露”的意思。由此可知,空格部分单词意思应该为“野心,企图”,句意为:他们的外交政策彻底暴露出他们征服世界的企图。正确答案选B。
4.单选题
Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.Decadesago,whenthetechnologyconsistedsolelyofmassive,number-crunchingmainframecomputers,thechiefliberalartsapplicationswereincompilingstatisticalindexesofworksofliterature.
Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask,whichdatesbacktotheRenaissance,ofcatalogingeachreferenceofaparticularwordinaparticularwork.Concordanceshelpscholarsscrutinizeimportanttextsforpatternsandmeaning.Otherhumanitiesapplicationsforcomputersinthisearlyeraoftechnologyincludedcompilingdictionaries,especiallyforforeignorantiquatedlanguages,andcataloginglibrarycollections.
Suchtypesofcomputerusageinthehumanitiesmayseemlimitedatfirst,buttheyhaveproducedsomeinterestingresultsinthelastfewyearsandpromisetocontinuetodoso.Ascomputeruseandaccesshavegrown,sohasthenumberofdigitizedtextsofclassicliteraryworks.
Thecomputer-basedstudyofliterarytextshasestablisheditsownnicheinacademia.DonaldFoster,anEnglishprofessoratVassarCollegeinPoughkeepsie,NewYork,isoneoftheleadersintextualscholarship.Inthelate1980sFostercreatedSHAXICON,adatabasethattracksallthe“rare”wordsusedbyEnglishplaywrightWilliamShakespeare.EachofthesewordsappearsinanyindividualShakespeareplaynomorethan12times.Thewordscanthenbecross-referencedwithsome2,000otherpoetictexts,allowingexperiencedresearcherstoexplorewhentheywerewritten,whowrotethem,howtheauthorwasinfluencedbytheworksofotherwriters,andhowthetextschangedustheywerereproducedoverthecenturies.
Inlate1995Foster’sworkattractedwidespreadnoticewhenheclaimedthatShakespearewastheanonymousauthorofanobscure578-linepoem,AFuneralElegy(1612).Althoughexpertshadmadesimilarclaimsforotherworksinthepast,Fostergainedthebackingofanumberofprominentscholarsbecauseofhiscomputer-baseapproach.IfFoster’sclaimholdsuptolong-termjudgment,thepoemwillbeoneofthefewadditionstotheShakespeareancanoninthelast100years.
Foster’sworkgainedfurtherpublicacclaimandvalidationwhenhewasaskedtohelpidentifytheanonymousauthorofthebest-sellingpoliticalnovelPrimaryColors(1996).Afterusinghiscomputerprogramtocomparethestylistictraitsofvariouswriterswiththoseinthenovel,FostertabbedjournalistJoeKleinastheauthor.Soonafter,Kleinadmittedthathewastheauthor.FosterwasalsoemployedasanexpertinthecaseofthenotoriousUnabomber,aterroristwhopublishedananonymousmanifestoinseveralmajornewspapersin1995.
1.Thispaperwillmainlydiscuss().
2.whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
3.Fosteridentifiedtheauthorofananonymousmanifestoby().
4.Whichofthefollowingcanmostprobablybeinferredfromthepassage?
5.By"accesshavegrown"inparagraph3,theauthorprobablymeansthat().
问题1选项
A.advantageofcomputerusageinthestudyofhumanities
B.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingstatisticindexesofliteraryworks
C.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingdictionaries.
D.contributionsofcomputer-basedstudyofliterarytexts
问题2选项
A.AFuneralElegywasanauthenticworkfromShakespeare.
B.ComputerutilizationmadeForster'sclaimmoreconvincing.
C.Inthelast100years,additionalworksofShakespearehavebeenacceptedasauthentic.
D.Therearestillmanyworkswhoseauthorsareunknown.
问题3选项
A.studyingthewritingcharacteristicofthesuspects
B.cross-referringthemanifestowithotherterrorists
C.gainthesupportofwell-knownscholars
D.applyingcomputerstothestudyofitsstyles
问题4选项
A.Inthepast,mainframecomputerswereusedtohandlenumbers.
B.Computersusageinliberalartisnarrow.
C.Humanitiesapplicationsforcomputersmightproduceunexpectedresults.
D.Computersarebestindealingwithforeignorantiquatedlanguages.
问题5选项
A.morepeopleareabletologontoacomputersystem.
B.meansofapproachingacomputerssystemareexpanded.
C.technologyofcomputershavebeenupgraded.
D.areawherecomputerscanbeappliedhaveincreased
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.结合全文分析可以看出,第一段的第一句为本文的中心句。“Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.”所以选项D正确。
2.根据原文倒数第二段的内容可知,Foster声称莎士比亚是《葬礼晚歌》的匿名作者,因为他基于计算机的方法得到了知名学者的支持。本段的最后一句提到,如果Foster的主张经得起长时间的推敲判断,这首诗将是过去100年里莎士比亚经典中为数不多的几首增补作品之一。由此推断,选项A表述错误。
3.根据原文的后半部分可知Foster证实匿名作品的作者是通过应用计算机(比较不同作家的文体和风格)来研究其风格。选项D正确。
4.根据第二段的第一句“Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask.”可知选项A错误;根据第三段的第一句“Suchtypesof...continuetodoso.”可知,选项B错误;根据第二段的最后一句可知,选项D也不正确,所以本题选C。
5.access意为可接近的,可获得的。这里指计算机的普及,所以选项A正确。
5.单选题
Outof(
)revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.
问题1选项
A.perfect
B.total
C.sheer
D.integral
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect“完美的”;total“全部的”;sheer“绝对的;纯粹的”;integral“完整的”。句意:纯粹是出于报复,他拼命诋毁她的人品,毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。
6.单选题
Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou_______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.
问题1选项
A.keepupwith
B.giveawayfrom
C.gobackon
D.losesightof
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“keepupwith”意为“赶得上;和……保持联系”;B选项“giveawayfrom”没有这个词组;C选项“gobackon”意为“违背;背弃”;D选项“losesightof”意为“忽略;不再看见”。句意:现在,我们的政府提倡无论我们做什么或与任何人交往都要讲信用。一旦你食言,你就会失去你的社会地位和个人声誉。由题干可知,loseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation(失去你的社会地位和个人声誉),说明我们没有做到言而有信,违背了自己说的话,别人就不再信任我们。因此C选项符合题意。
7.写作题
Writeanessayabout200wordsasyouranswertothefollowingquestion:“ShouldtheChinesegovernmentpaymoreattentionandinvestmoreineducationforchildrenintheruralarea?”WriteyouransweronyourANSWERSHEETII.
【答案】Nowadays,thesocietycalledformoreeffortstoupgradetheeducationqualityinthevastwesternruralarea,wheretheeconomywasrelativelybackward.Toimprovetheeducationqualityinthewesternprovinces,especiallyintheruralarea,weshouldpromotesocialharmony,coordinatedevelopmentbetweenthecitiesandthecountryside,andpayattentiontothelong-termdevelopmentofthewesternregion.Moreinvestmentshouldbeinjectedintotheeducationsectorinthewesternruralareatoallowruralstudentstoreceivetheirfreenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Thegovernmentshouldattractmoreoutstandingteacherstoserveinthecountryside.Also,moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheteachingandboardingfacilitiesforruralstudents,andteachingmethodsshouldalsobeimprovedtohelpstudentsdevelopcreativethinking.Theauthorityshouldalsostresstheimportanceofeducationforethnicminorities.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopethnicminorityeducationsoastomakecontributiontothecommonprosperityofallnationalities.
8.不定项选择题
Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Kenseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.
Kensey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksAnn’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad.”Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified:theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.
Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.
1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?
2.Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredtheabilityof().
3.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKenseywouldnothaveagreedon().
4.Theterm“publicduty”(inline5ofparagraph2)inthecontextofthepassagemeans().
5.Kensey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?
问题1选项
A.Anoutlineforfutureresearch.
B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.
C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists.
D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.
问题2选项
A.differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm
B.identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction
C.justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation
D.evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules
问题3选项
A.thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit
B.theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm
C.theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm
D.thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts
问题4选项
A.thenecessitytoapprehendperpetrators
B.theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressors
C.anobligationtopreventharmtoanother
D.theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction
问题5选项
A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.
B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.
C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.
D.Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。结合选项和题干可知,本题需从全文整体分析。第一段中Kensey和Piaget两人提出了有关儿童心理发展的不同观点,随后的二三段都是在对Kensey的观点进行讨论和论证。A选项“Anoutlineforfutureresearch”意为“未来研究的大纲”,原文并未提及未来研究的大纲;B选项“Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms”意为“对常见误解术语的扩展定义”,原文不是对误解术语的扩展定义,是提出了两个不同观点;C选项“Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists”意为“对两个理论家之间争论的分析”,原文二三段主要论证了Kensey的观点,并没有就两者的争论进行分析;D选项“Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry”意为“对正在进行的调查中研究结果的讨论”,符合原文,此处指的就是对Kensey研究结果的讨论。因此D选项符合题意。
第2题:事实细节题。由sevenmonthsofkindergarten定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous”,然而,七个月后,达利发现,同样是这些孩子已经可以做出两种区分,从而表明他们在道德上是自发的。由此可知,进入幼儿园七个月后,孩子们已经能区别可预见和不可预见的伤害。A选项“differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm”,意为“区分可预见和不可预见的伤害”,与原文相符;B选项“identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction”意为“辨认有害行为的作恶者”,原文未提及;C选项“justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation”意为“为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护”,原文是这不是Darley的研究发现,是针对Kensey观点的研究结果;D选项“evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules”意为“评估因违反规则而产生的负面后果的大小”,原文中这是Piaget的观点,不是Darley的发现。因此A选项符合题意。
第3题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知,本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit”意为“孩子们为他们所做的有害行为找的种种借口”,这只是针对Kensey观点的研究结果,但不代表二者就此有分歧;B选项“theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm”意为“儿童开始区分故意伤害和无意伤害的年龄”,与原文相符,原文第一段第四句,然而,Kensey发现,6岁的儿童能区分意外伤害和故意伤害。由此可推测这就是两者观点的不同之处;C选项“theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm”意为“孩子们实施伤害的意图”,原文两者争论的重点不是孩子实施伤害的意图,而是孩子究竟何时开始辨别有意与无意的伤害;D选项“thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts”意为“儿童惩罚有害行为的情形”,这是Nesdalc和Rule的研究发现,不是Piaget与Kensey之间的分歧。因此B选项符合题意。
第4题:判断推理题。由publicduty定位到文章第二段第三句“Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty…”,例如,Nesdalc和Rule的结论是,儿童有能力考虑侵犯者的行为是否符合公共义务;五岁的孩子对邦妮破坏了安的假房子的反应非常不同,这取决于邦妮这么做是为了防止别人摔倒,还是因为邦妮想让安难过。由此可知,这个事例是对公共义务的解释,所以公共义务就是防止他人受损害的义务,如防止他人摔倒。A选项“thenecessitytoapprehendperpetrators”意为“逮捕罪犯的必要性”,与原文不符,原文未提及逮捕罪犯;B选项“theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressors”意为“惩罚犯规者的责任”,原文Nesdalc和Rule的结论中儿童并没有对犯规者进行惩罚;C选项“anobligationtopreventharmtoanother”意为“防止损害他人的义务”,与原文相符;D选项“theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction”意为“对有害行为的惩罚分配”,该结论中并没有谈到惩罚。因此C选项符合题意。
第5题:判断推理题。由Kensey’sfindings定位到文章第一段最后一句“Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethat…inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage”,这两项发现(Kensey的发现)似乎都表明,儿童比皮亚杰所说的更早进入道德发展的第二阶段,即道德自主。由此可知,儿童已经能自主做出道德判断。A选项“Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments”意为“他们有能力自主做出道德判断”,符合Kensey的理论;B选项“Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy”意为“他们把道德绝对主义看作是对他们道德自主权的威胁”,原文未提及道德绝对主义;C选项“Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty”意为“他们不理解公共义务的概念”,与原文不符,就Nesdalc和Rule的结论而言,孩子已经理解公共义务的概念;D选项“Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments”意为“他们武断地做出道德判断”,与原文不符,原文是进入道德自主阶段的儿童认为规则武断,而不是儿童武断地做出道德判断。因此A选项符合题意。
9.单选题
WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.
问题1选项
A.broken
B.raised
C.solved
D.concluded
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broken“折断;打碎;损坏”;B选项raised“提高,举起;使(面包)发酵;抚育,抚养”;C选项solved“解决;解答”;D选项concluded“结束;推断;作结论”。句意:当你和一个阿拉伯人做生意时,你不得不忍受几个小时的闲聊,等待商业的话题被提起。本句关键词bebroached表示“被提出”,beraised可以做同义替换,表示被提出。因此B选项正确。
10.单选题
(
)onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinite.
问题1选项
A.Ifwalking
B.Walking
C.Whilewalking
D.Whenoneiswalking
【答案】D
【解析】考查语法。此句中的主句的主语为mountains,所以逻辑主语和主句主语应不同。故排除A、B、C三项。D项正确。句意:当一个人在晴朗的天气散步时,远离城市喧嚣,山脉会给他一种无限感。
11.单选题
ThefullimpactoftheInternetrevolutionwillonlybecomeapparentinthefuture,asmoretechnologicalchangeis()thatcanbarelybeimaginedandhardlyanticipated.
问题1选项
A.onahorizon
B.onthehorizon
C.atahorizon
D.atthehorizon
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配onethehorizon“即将来临”,排除A、C和D选项。句意:更多的技术变革即将到来,这几乎是无法想象和预料的。选项B符合题意。
12.单选题
Ifshemarrieshim,hewillcertainly()herforadance.
问题1选项
A.lead
B.offer
C.give
D.invite
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项lead“领导;致使;引导;指挥”;B选项offer“提供;出价;试图”;C选项give“给;产生;让步;举办;授予”;D选项invite“邀请;招待;诚邀;约请”。句意:如果她嫁给他,他当然会邀请她跳支舞。因此D选项正确。
13.写作题
Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.
【答案】略
14.翻译题
ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.
据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同,计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明,计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的,即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭,即年收入高于75000美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层,即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%,但与之相比,低收入家庭只有8%。
【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.
15.单选题
Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,(1)intoahobbyandlatelyhas(2)intoafull-timepassion.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,PhDcandidates(3)ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep(4)oftheirpersonalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey(5)thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand(6).GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.
During1994,they(7)yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto(8)theneedsofthethousandsofusers(9)begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely(10)Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomizedsoftwaretohelpthem(11)locateidentifyandeditmaterial(12)ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois(13)tostandfor“YetanotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale”,butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe(14)becausetheyconsideredthemselvesyahoos.Yahooitselffirst(15)onYang’sworkstation,“akebono”,whilethesearchenginewas(16)onFilo’scomputer“Konishiki.”
Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-founderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invitedFiloandYangtomovetheirfiles(17)tolargercomputers(18)atNetscape.AsaresultStanford’scomputernetworkreturnedto(19),andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo(20)organizedinformationontensofthousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.
问题1选项
A.became
B.grew
C.turn
D.intend
问题2选项
A.made
B.saw
C.looked
D.turned
问题3选项
A.in
B.on
C.about
D.for
问题4选项
A.touch
B.contact
C.track
D.record
问题5选项
A.founded
B.found
C.argued
D.reported
问题6选项
A.unwieldy
B.tough
C.tamable
D.invaluable
问题7选项
A.exchanged
B.shank
C.sold
D.converted
问题8选项
A.explain
B.serve
C.discover
D.evaluate
问题9选项
A.which
B.that
C.actually
D.eagerly
问题10选项
A.relative
B.interactive
C.bound
D.contacted
问题11选项
A.fluently
B.efficiently
C.exactly
D.actually
问题12选项
A.transmitted
B.purchased
C.sold
D.stored
问题13选项
A.about
B.bound
C.going
D.supposed
问题14选项
A.fable
B.mode
C.name
D.brand
问题15选项
A.supported
B.resided
C.lived
D.linked
问题16选项
A.connected
B.lodged
C.introduced
D.linked
问题17选项
A.over
B.away
C.inside
D.beneath
问题18选项
A.housed
B.caught
C.hosed
D.hidden
问题19选项
A.average
B.normal
C.ordinary
D.equal
问题20选项
A.attains
B.detains
C.maintains
D.contains
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
第6题:A
第7题:D
第8题:B
第9题:B
第10题:C
第11题:B
第12题:D
第13题:D
第14题:C
第15题:B
第16题:B
第17题:A
第18题:A
第19题:B
第20题:A
【解析】1.考查动词词组辨析。A选项“变成,成为……”;B选项“发展为……”;C选项“转变成……”,D选项“想要,意指……”,句意:就像计算机时代的许多其他方面一样,雅虎一开始只是一个想法,后来_____了一种爱好。A选项是一个中性词,用于意义好、坏两方面的变化都可以;B选项更侧重强调结果;C选项时态不对;D选项词组含义不适合语境,因此B选项符合题意。
2.考查动词词组辨析。A选项“把……制成”;B选项“调查,观察……的性质”;C选项“调查,观察”;D选项“变成,转变成……”,句意:与计算机时代的许多其他方面一样,雅虎一开始只是一个想法,后来变成了一种爱好,最近又()一种全职的热情。本句表示的是“变成了一种全职的热情”,因此D选项符合题意。
3.考查固定搭配。A选项“在……内”;B选项“在……之上”;C选项“关于”;D选项“为了”,句意:雅虎的两名开发人员大卫•费罗和杨致远是()斯坦福大学电子工程专业的博士生。而表示某个修某个具体专业的人,要用inElectricalEngineering表示,因此A选项符合题意。
4.考查固定搭配。A选项“保持联系”;B选项“保持联系”;C选项“记录,与……保持联系”;D选项“保持……的记录”,句意:1994年4月开始他们的指南,作为一种在互联网上()个人兴趣的方式。本句表示“记录个人的兴趣爱好”,因此C选项符合题意。
5.考查动词辨析。A选项“建立”;B选项“发现”;C选项“争论,争辩”,D选项“报道”,句意:不久之后,他们()自己自制的清单变得太长,太不实用了。本句表示“发现自己的清单太长”,因此B选项符合题意。
6.考查形容词辨析。A选项“笨拙的,笨重的”;B选项“艰难的,粗糙的”;C选项“可驯服的”;D选项“无价的,非常贵重的”,句意:不久之后,他们发现自己自制的清单变得太长,太()了。本句想要表达的是“清单太长太笨重”,因此A选项符合题意。
7.考查动词辨析。A选项“交换”;B选项“(花等)从病梗上枯萎脱落”;C选项“卖”;D选项“转变,改变”,句意:在1994年,他们把雅虎()一个定制的数据库。本句表示“把雅虎变成一个……”,因此D选项符合题意。
8.考查动词辨析。A选项“解释”;B选项“为……服务,招待”;C选项“发现,发觉”;D选项“评价,估价”,句意:在1994年,他们把yahoo转换成一个定制的数据库,以()成千上万用户的需求。而servetheneed是固定搭配,表示“满足某人的需求”,因此B选项符合题意。
9.考查定语从句。A选项“哪个是(引导非限制性定语从句)”;B选项“那个”;C选项“实际上”;D选项“热情地”,句意为:用户()开始通过紧密联系的互联网社区使用这项服务。这里考查的是定语从句,A选项不能用于主语为人的定语从句,排除;C和D不是定语从句的关联词,排除;当先行词为人时,可以用that作关系代词,因此B选项符合题意。
10.考查名词辨析。A选项“亲戚,相关物”;B选项“交互,交互式的”;C选项“跳跃,限制”;D选项“交往,接触”,句意:通过紧密()的互联网社区开始使用这项服务的用户。closelybound意为“紧密相连”,因此C选项符合题意。
11.考查副词辨析。A选项“流利地”;B选项“有效地,效率高地”;C选项“恰好地,正好”;D选项“实际上,事实上”,句意:他们开发了定制软件,帮助他们()定位、识别和编辑存储在互联网上的材料。本句想表达的含义应该是“高效的定位……”,因此B选项符合题意。
12.考查动词辨析。A选项“传输,传送”;B选项“购买”;C选项“卖”;D选项“储存,储藏”,句意:他们开发了定制软件,帮助他们有效地定位、识别和编辑()在互联网上的材料。根据句意应该是“储存在互联网上的资料”,因此D选项符合题意。
13.考查固定搭配。A选项“关于”;B选项“界限,边界”;C选项“离开,离去”;D选项“认定,据说”,句意:Yahoo这个名字()来代表“又一个层级官话”。besupposedto“应该”,根据句意可知,要表达的含义是“这个名字应该是代表……”,因此D选项符合题意。
14.考查名词辨析。A选项“寓言,无稽之谈”;B选项“模式,方式”;C选项“名字,姓名”;D选项“品牌”,句意:但是Filo和Yang坚持说他们挑选了这个()因为他们认为自己就是Yahoo。根据上文可知Yahoo是他们网站的名字,因此C选项符合题意。
15.考查动词辨析。A选项“支持”;B选项“居住,存在”;C选项“活着,居住”;D选项“相关联”,句意:雅虎首先()的是杨的工作站。resideon“驻留于”,是原文要表达的含义,因此B选项符合题意。
16.考查动词辨析。A选项“链接”;B选项“存放,保管”;C选项“介绍”;D选项“相关联”,句意:而搜索引擎()在Filo的电脑里。这里是用了拟人的手法,表示搜索引擎暂时是在Filo的电脑里借住(运行),因此B选项符合题意。
17.考查动词词组辨析。A选项“搬到……”,此处over表示经过一段距离”;B选项“搬离”;C选项“搬进”,后面不用再加介词to;D选项“搬到……下面”,句意:邀请Filo和Yang讲他们的文件()更大的空间去。这里的“搬”是有距离的,并且是搬到某个地方,因此A选项符合题意。
18.考查动词辨析。A选项“给房子住”;B选项“抓”;C选项“用水管淋浇”;D选项“藏”,句意:邀请Filo和Yang将他们的文件转移()到网景公司更大的电脑上。这里也是用了拟人的手法,给这些文件住的地方(储存它们),因此A选项符合题意。
19.考查形容词辨析。A选项“平均的”;B选项“正常的,正规的”;C选项“普通的”;D选项“平等的”,句意:之后,斯坦福的电脑()。returntonormal“恢复正常”,因此B选项符合题意。
20.考查动词辨析。A选项“获得”;B选项“留住,扣押”;C选项“留住,阻止”;D选项“包含”,句意:Yahoo从互联网上的上万台计算机中()信息。根据原文的信息,我们知道Yahoo是获取信息,而不是储存或是留住,因此A选项符合题意。
16.单选题
Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.
Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.
Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.
Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.
1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthetext?
2.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?
3.Theauthorofthetextsuggeststhatpsychohistoriansviewhistoryprimarilyas(
).
4.Theauthorofthetextputstheword“deepest”(LastLine,Paragraph3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto(
).
5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT(
).
问题1选项
A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod.
B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindi
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