考研考博-英语-乌兰察布职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-乌兰察布职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributesonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped.

1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.

Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeeling”.Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinswilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety;eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenwhenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.

Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeunawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.

Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionalintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffabadmood.

2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.

Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.

Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.

Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“reframing”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.

Goingoffalonetocooldownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.

Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.

1.Whataregutfeeling?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingisthat（）.

3.Theword“spice”（Para.6）isclosetinmeaningto（）.

4.Onmoodcontrol,theauthorseemstosuggestthatwe（）.

5.Theessenceof“reframing”is（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.

B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.

C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.

D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.

问题2选项

A.onecandevelopthem

B.onecancallothers’attentiontothem

C.onemaygetridofthem

D.onemaycontrolthem

问题3选项

A.addinterestto

B.lengthen

C.makedull

D.bringintoexistence

问题4选项

A.cancontroltheoccurrenceofmood

B.areoftenunawareofwhatmoodwearein

C.candeterminethedurationofmood

D.lackstrategiesforcontrollingmoods

问题5选项

A.toforgettheunpleasantsituation

B.toadoptapositiveattitude

C.toprotectoneselfproperly

D.toavoidroadaccident

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“gutfeeling”可定位到原文第三段的内容“Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.直觉可以在人们无意识的情况下产生。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

第2题:2.判断推理题。根据原文第五段的内容“情感自我意识是下一个基本情商的基石：能够摆脱坏情绪”，也就是说，了解一个人的直觉最重要的是能够摆脱它们。所以选项C符合原文。

第3题:3.词义题。根据所给词定位到原文中的内容“Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.”这里的spice是做动词，并且和build的意思相接近。spice做动词，其本意是“加香料于……；使……增添趣味”，选项A与之意思最为相近，所以正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。根据第七段的一二句“Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.当我们被情绪所左右时，我们往往无法控制自己。但我们可以知道这种情绪会持续多久。”由此可知，我们可以决定情绪持续的时间，所以选项C符合原文。

第5题:5.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“reframing”定位到原文倒数第三段的内容“Amoreeffectivetechniqueis'reframing',whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.一个更有效的技巧是“重新构建”，这意味着有意识地从更积极的角度重新解释一个情况。”再根据后面的例子可以推测出，“reframing”的真谛在于采取一种积极的态度，所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords’failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords’control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainortheshogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.

Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraioverlordstoincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayintaxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapan’scentralgovernmentconsistedinpartoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhishugedomain,thegovernmenttoowasconstrained.Therefore,theTokugawashogunsbegantolooktoothersourcesforrevenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedeclinebecausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted,althoughdebasementofthecoinagehadcompensatedfortheloss.Openingupnewfarmlandwasapossibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurtherreclamationwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswouldbepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceofgovernmentincome.

Mostofthecountry’swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepartofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun’sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtainingsuchrevenuewassoonfoundbylevyingforcedloans,knownasgoyo-kin;althoughthesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywereirregularintimingandarbitraryinamount,theywerehighinyield.Unfortunately,theypushedupprices.Thus,regrettably,theTokugawashoguns，searchforsolvencyforthegovernmentmadeitincreasinglydifficultforindividualJapanesewholivedonfixedstipendstomakeendsmeet.

31.Thepassageismostprobablyanexcerptfrom（）.

32.WhichofthefollowingfinancialsituationsismostanalogoustothefinancialsituationinwhichJapan’sTokugawashogunsfoundthemselvesintheeighteenthcentury?

33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardthesamuraidiscussedinSentence5,Paragraph1?

34.Thepassagesuggeststhat,ineighteenth-centuryJapan,theofficeoftaxcollector（）.

35.ThepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwastheprimaryreasonwhytheTokugawashogunsturnedtocitymerchantsforhelpinfinancingthestate?

问题1选项

A.aneconomichistoryofJapan

B.thememoirsofasamuraiwarrior

C.amodernnovelabouteighteenth-centuryJapan

D.anessaycontrastingJapanesefeudalismwithitsWesterncounterpart

问题2选项

A.Asmallbusinessborrowsheavilytoinvestinnewequipment,butisabletopayoffitsdebtearlywhenitisawardedalucrativegovernmentcontract.

B.Firedestroysasmallbusiness,butinsurancecoversthecostofrebuilding.

C.Asmallbusinessisturneddownforaloanatalocalbankbecausetheownershavenocredithistory.

D.Asmallbusinesshastostruggletomeetoperatingexpenseswhenitsprofitsdecrease.

问题3选项

A.Warmlyapproving.

B.Mildlysympathetic.

C.Bitterlydisappointed.

D.Harshlydisdainful.

问题4选项

A.wasasourceofpersonalprofittotheofficeholder

B.wasregardedwithderisionbymanyJapanese

C.remainedwithinfamilies

D.existedonlyincastle-towns

问题5选项

A.Aseriesofcostlywarshaddepletedthenationaltreasury.

B.Mostofthecountry’swealthappearedtobeincitymerchants’hands.

C.Japanhadsufferedaseriesofeconomicreversalsduetonaturaldisasterssuchasfloods.

D.Themerchantswerealreadyheavilyindebtedtotheshoguns.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.推理题。题干中的excerpt一词的意思为“摘录”。浏览全文后发现本文主题句为第一段第一句。Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.（在18世纪，日本的封建领主，从幕府将军到最卑微的武士，都发现自己处于财政压力之下。）从而得出本题答案。

32.

细节类比题。文章第一段第5-7句。Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.给出了18世纪的financialsituations有三方面的原因：samurai（武士）问题，收入增加跟不上支出的增加和灾难。根据题干中关键词Tokugawa定位到文章第二、第三段。从而得出本题答案。

33.

观点态度题。根据题干，将信息点定位到第一段第五句。Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.（由于多年的和平生活使大多数武士变得懒惰，他们被鼓励从事学术和军事训练，或从事不需要多少时间的行政工作，因此他们的品味和习惯变得昂贵也就不足为奇了。）根据第五句句子后半部分的“itisnotsurprising...”表明作者的态度是略带同情的正向评价。从而得出本题答案。

34.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词taxcollector，将信息点定位到文章第一段第七句。“Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.（尽管领主收入的减少几乎和他们生活水平的提高一样多的是由于他们的税务人员的疏忽（世袭官职的几乎不可避免的结果），但一场火灾或洪水这样的灾难，带来的开支的增加或收入的下降，可能会使处理财政的城市大米经纪人欠下一笔债务）”从而得出本题答案。

35.

事实推理题。根据题干中的关键词citymerchants，将信息点定位到文章最后一段第一句。Mostofthecountry’swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.（这个国家的大部分财富，或者说看起来，正在流入城市商人的手中。）从而得出本题答案。

3.单选题

Hishandshookalittleashe（）thekeyinthelock.

问题1选项

A.squeezed

B.inserted

C.stuffed

D.pierced

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。squeeze“挤，紧握”；insert“插入”；stuff“塞满”；pierce“穿孔”。句意：当他将钥匙插入锁时，他的手微微抖了一下。B项符合题意。

4.单选题

Sheopenedthepacketandemptiedthe（）intoasaucepan.

问题1选项

A.fullness

B.container

C.refills

D.contents

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fullness“充满，丰富”；B选项container“容器”；C选项refills“再装满”；D选项contents“内容”。根据句意“她打开袋子，把里面的东西倒进了锅里。”只有选项D最符合语境。

5.单选题

______peopledependtosuchagreatextentonforests,everyeffortmustbemadetopreservetreesandwildlife.

问题1选项

A.How

B.Since

C.That

D.Which

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子逻辑。A项how引导疑问句，表示“怎样”，B项since表示“自从，由于”，C项that连接词，用来引导从句，D项which疑问代词表示“哪一个”。该句前后为两个完整的句子，形成因果关系，句首缺少一个表达原因的连词，故B项符合句意。句意：由于人们在很大程度上紧紧依赖森林资源，故我们必须全力以赴保护树木与野生动物。故正确答案为B。

6.单选题

Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps（）rigiddepartmentalboundaries.

问题1选项

A.passover

B.standfor

C.breakdown

D.setoff

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。passover“越过，忽略”；standfor“代表，支持”；breakdown“分解，失败”；setoff“出发，引起”。句意：这种方法迫使经理们相互交流，并且有助于跨越严格的部门界限。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,allthepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.conscientiously

C.spontaneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副词词义辨析。句意‘如果发生爆炸，飞机上所有的乘客都会丧命，因为这是一个随着飞机起飞会爆炸的定时炸弹。’B选项conscientiously意为“良心上”；C选项spontaneously意为“不由自主地”；D选项instantaneously意为“即刻，马上”，均与句意不符。根据本题的关键词timed可知是与时间有关，A项simultaneously意为“同时地”，符合语境，正确。

8.单选题

SinceJohnhassuchan（

）toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.

问题1选项

A.aviation

B.aviator

C.aversion

D.avocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation“航空，飞行术”；aviator“飞行员”；aversion“厌恶，反感”；avocation“副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C

9.单选题

Itiswellknownlanguagebelongstoeveryone,tothedustman______totheprofessor.

问题1选项

A.asmuchas

B.asfaras

C.thesameas

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项asmuchas“差不多，尽……那样多”；B选项asfaras“就……而言，至于”；C选项thesameas“与……一样”；D选项aslongas“只要；和……一样长”。句意：众所周知，语言是属于每个人的，______清洁工和教授。根据语境，这里是指语言对于清洁工和教授一样，C选项thesameas“与……一样”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Justinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout:youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullofflatbicycletires,benttennisrackets.Deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom.

“Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?”hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.”

WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.

Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin.

“Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?”heasked.“Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI’mlateonthefirstdayit’llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear.”Kennylookedgenuinelyworried.

“Relax”,Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop.“Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well.Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote.”

Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings.

“That’samazing!”Kennysaid.“Ioweyouone.”Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.

1.WhyisJustin’sroomsuchamess?

2.Theword“pleaded”inParagraph1canbestbereplaceby

（

）.

3.InwhatwayisJustin’sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?

4.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?

5.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?

问题1选项

A.Healwaysforgetstoclean.

B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.

C.Hehasnotimetoclean.

D.Hesharesaroomwithhisbrother.

问题2选项

A.ignored

B.asked

C.pushed

D.begged

问题3选项

A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.

B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.

C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.

D.He’shadforaslongashecanremember.

问题4选项

A.Heoffersthemadvices.

B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.

C.Helistenstotheirproblem.

D.Heusedtheobjectsinhisbackpack.

问题5选项

A.JustinrememberedKenny’slockercombination.

B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin’sbackpack.

C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin’snotebook.

D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。问：为什么Justin的房间很乱，定位到文章第一段第二句Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullof…（他的座右铭是“永远不要扔掉任何东西，你永远不知道它什么时候会派上用场”。他的卧室里满是……）可知原因是B“他从不扔掉任何东西”。A项“他总是忘记打扫”，C项“没有时间打扫”，D项“他和他弟弟共享一个房间”，文中均未体现。

2.语义推测题。plead“恳求，乞求”；只有D项“恳求，乞求”与之意思相同，此外根据文章第一段所讲内容，可以知道他的父母是恳求他清理房间，所以此处的pleaded可以用begged代替。A项“忽视”；B项“询问；请求”；C项“推”均不符合。

3.细节事实题。题目问题：Justin的背包以何种方式被看作是房间的缩小版。定位到文章第三段第二句Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.（他喜欢把它想象成卧室的缩小版——一个存放他收集的许多物品的地方）可知答案为A“他把它当作存放物品的地方”。B项“他用它来装书和运动器材”，文章未提及；C项“他父母叫他一直打扫”和D项“从他记事起他就一直带着这个”，均不符合题意。

4.细节事实题。问题：Justin是怎样帮助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句“Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag…”（他从包里拿出笔记本和一支软铅笔……）可知他是用他包里的一些东西来帮助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的东西”为正确答案。A项“他给了建议”和B项“他把他的包借给了他们”，文中并未提及；C项“他倾听了他们的问题”，文中他不仅仅倾听了他们的问题，而且用行动帮助了他们，故C项错误。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章倒数第二段最后三句ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook…Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite…（Kenny写的那一页在笔记本的另一页上留下了模糊的凹痕……储物柜组合的数字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出现）可知答案为C“肯尼在贾斯汀的笔记本上留下了这个组合的凹痕”。A项“贾斯汀记得肯尼的储物柜密码组合”，B项“肯尼把纸片留在了贾斯汀的背包里”，D项“贾斯汀找到了写着储物柜密码的纸片”，均不符合文意。

11.填空题

Thefirequicklyspreadthroughthehotel,butfortunatelytherewereonlya

（1）guestsandtheyallmanagedto（2）.

【答案】1.few

2.escape

【解析】1.语义题。afew后面接可数名词，表示“少量，几个”

2.语义题。句意:他们都成功逃脱了。

12.单选题

Scarcely______themselvesintheirscatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.

问题1选项

A.havetheysettled

B.didtheysettle

C.hadtheysettled

D.dotheysettle

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装句和时态。Scarcely…when…表示“一……就……”，当scarcely放于句首的时候，句子需要倒装。因为后面为过去式，空格处的意思是在升起帷幕之前，人们没有就座，应为过去完成时，只有C项符合。句意：在剧院，他们一就座帷幕就升起来了。故正确答案为C。

13.单选题

Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthattheimmigrantgenerationoftenarrivesinanewlandaspioneerswithdreamsofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesaswellasfortheirchildren.Theobjectivesofthefirstgenerationarerelativelyclear:getajob,earnmoney,learnanewlanguage,ifpossible,offeraneducationtothechildren,andingeneralimprovetheirlotinlife.Familyreunificationisanotherpowerfulmotivedrivingmanynewarrivals.Somenewimmigrants,perhapsmorethanthecurrentanti-immigrationlobbymayrealize,oftenwisheventuallytoreturnhometosettlethereoncefinancialconsiderationsallowit.

Theobviousdifficultiesthatmostimmigrantsfaceincludelanguageinadequacies,ageneralunfamiliaritywiththecustomsandexpectationsofthenewcountry(whatanthropologistsrefertoas“culturaldiscontinuities”),limitedeconomicopportunities,poorhousingconditions,discrimination,xenophobia,andwhatpsychologiststermthe“stressesofacculturation”.

Despitetheseobstacles,inmanycases,immigrantsexperiencetheirlotasbeingbetterthanitwasintheircountryoforigin.Becauseofaperceptionofrelativematerialimprovement,manyimmigrantsmayfailtointernalizetheanti-immigrantnegativeattitudesofthehostcountrytowardthem,maintainingtheircountryoforiginasapointofreference.Inaddition,recentimmigrantscommonlyviewandexperiencetheircurrentlotnotintermsoftheidealsandexpectationsofthemajoritysocietybutratherintermsoftheidealsandexpectationsofthe“oldculture”.

Thisispartofaninterestingorientationthathasbeentermed“theimmigrant’sdualframeofreference”.TheSuarez-Orozcoshavenoticedimmigrantsareconstantlycomparingandcontrastingtheircurrentlotinthehostsocietyagainsttheirexperiences,opportunities,andexpectationsinthecountryoforigin.Duringtheearliestphasesofimmigration,thenewarrivalsmaycometorealizethenewcountryasalandofunlimitedopportunities,concentratingonthenegativeaspectsoflifeinthelandleftbehind.Thesecondgeneration,incontrast,cannotcomparetheirowncurrentexperiencestopreviousexperiencesofrelativedeprivation.Instead,theirstandardofassessmentmaybethehostculture’saffluentideals(oftenrepresentedintelevisionandfilms)whichtheyarelikelytofindthemselveslacking.Fromthesecondgeneration’sperspective,theirlotinlifehasdecidedlynotimproved.

Researchershavesuggestedthatsocio-culturalandsocio-economicfactors,aswellasovercrowdedandpoorlystaffedschools,seemtoleadtomanyacculturalimmigrantstudentseventuallytodevelopambivalentattitudestowardschoolsandthevalueofeducation.Inaddition,weargue,ongoingdiscriminationanddisparagementspeciallytargetedto“unwanted”newimmigrantsisparticularlydestructive.Last,whenlearningandsuccessinaninstitutionofthedominantculture—thatis,theschool—cometobeexperiencedasanactofethnicbetrayal,signifyingawishto“bewhite”,learningmaybecomeaproblemtosomeethnicandimmigrantminoritystudents.Asaconsequence,ahighdrop-outratecontinuestobeasevereprobleminsomecommunitiesofminorityimmigrantchildren.

1.Itcanbeinferredthattheattitudeofsomenewimmigrantstowardstheirmotherlandismainly（）.

2.Theterm“theimmigrant’sdualframeofreference,”(Para.4)refersto（）.

3.Whatcanbeknownaboutthesecondgenerationofimmigrants?

4.Whatdoestheword“disparagement”(Para.5)showbythenativestoimmigrantstudents?

问题1选项

A.detesting

B.worried

C.nostalgic

D.nonchalant

问题2选项

A.immigrants’differentstandardsofexaminingtheirlifeexperiences

B.immigrants’rosyexpectationsoflifeandtheirsadmemoryofthepastlife

C.thedilemmasofboththefirstandthesecondgenerationsofimmigrants

D.thecontrastbetweentheimmigrant’smaterialsuccessandtheirpursuitofideals

问题3选项

A.Theyhavetheirlotinlifetotallydestroyed.

B.Theymaintaintheiridentityliketheirparents.

C.They’dliketochooseTVhostsastheirmodels.

D.Theythinkofthemselvesasmateriallypoor.

问题4选项

A.Ambiguity.

B.Contempt.

C.Ignorance.

D.Hostility

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的最后两句,家庭团聚是驱使许多新移民的另一个强大动机。或许目前反移民游说团体没有意识到的是:一些新移民往往希望最终回到家乡定居,只要经济条件允许。由此可知,新移民的态度是怀旧的,选项C正确。

2.根据第四段第二句“hecountryoforigin.”移民不断地将他们目前所处社会的命运与他们在原籍国的经历、机遇和期望进行比较和对照。这是移民考查生活经历的不同标准,选项A符合原文。

3.根据第四段最后一句“Fromthesecondgeneration’sperspective,theirlotinlifehasdecidedlynotimproved.”从第二代人的角度来看,他们的生活显然没有改善。也就是说,他们的生活实际上被毁了,因为他们不像上一辈那样可以对比自己不同的生活经历,他们的评估标准基本来自于影视中,他们缺乏理想。选项A正确。

4.根据原文句意可知,disparagement应该和discrimination意思相近,选项中B项与之意思最为相近。

14.翻译题

Technologyisconstantlynarrowingthegapbetweensciencefictionandreality,bringingfundamentalchangesintoourlives.AccordingtoIBMresearchers,infiveyearswewon’tneedpasswords,won’tbebotheredbyjunkmailandwillbeabletocontrolmanyofourmachineswithourminds.TheAmericantechnologycompanyreleasedits6thannualFive-in-Five,alistoffiveinnovationsthefirmexpectstoseewithinfiveyears.Oneofthemwillenableustogeneratesmallamountsofenergytosupplementtheelectricpowerweuseinourhomes.“Youcandomicro-electronicgeneration,”saysBernieMeyerson,vicepresidentofInnovationatIBM.“Forinstance,youcanhavesomebodyinthethirdworldwhohasaccesstoaphoneorasmartphone,butdoesn’thaveaccesstoapowergrid,whichisaverycommonthingandliterallyinashoehassomethingthatrecoversenergyfromwalkingandcanchargethebatterytoenablethatpersontoactuallybecomeconnectedwiththerestoftheworld.”

【答案】答：

日新月异的科技不断缩小科幻小说和科学事实之间的差距，还给我们的生活带来了根本上的改变。根据IBM研究人员的预测，5年内我们就不再需要密码，也不再会被垃圾电邮打搅，我们还能用我们的思维操控许多机器。美国科技公司IBM日前公布了第6次的“未来5年5大科技预测”，这是IBM预测我们将在未来5年看见的5大科技创新。其中一项将使我们能产生小量能源供给家户电力。IBM创新部门的副主管梅尔森说：“你可以进行小容量的发电。例如，第三世界的某个人有一部手机或智慧型手机，但却没有电力供应，这是很常见的事。在他的鞋里面装上靠走路发电的装置，他的手机随时能充电，使这个人真正跟全世界联结了起来。”

15.单选题

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.frankly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项frankly“坦率地，老实说”；B选项emphatically“着重地，强调地”；C选项determinedly“决然地，断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他讲得如此_____，以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。根据后半句不难判断出，前半句的意思是“他讲得如此有说服力……”，因此D选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Thegovernmentwillprosecutethoseindividualswhounlawfullypossess（）material.

问题1选项

A.classified

B.bizarre

C.personal

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。classified“分类的；机密的”；bizarre“奇异的”；personal“个人的”；legitimate“合法的”；句意：政府将起诉那些非法占有……材料的个人。因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Youhavealegal____toensurethatyourchildreceiveapropereducation.

问题1选项

A.liability

B.obligation

C.formula

D.scheme

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.liability（法律上对某事物的）责任，义务B.obligation（法律上或道义上的）责任，义务

C.formula方案D.scheme计划

【答案】B

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配与名词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填词受“法律上的（legal）”修饰，并且根据后文内容“确保你的孩子接受合适的教育”可知，此处指的是“法律规定的义务”，B选项obligation“（法律上或道义上的）责任，义务”，最符合原句。

【干扰项排除】

A选项liability“责任，义务”，侧重于指对某事负有法律责任的状态，而obligation则具体指需要承担的责任或义务；

C选项formula“方案”，与“法律上的（legal）”搭配不当；

D选项scheme“计划”，与“法律上的（legal）”搭配不当。

【句意】你有义务确保你的孩子接受合适的教育。

18.单选题

Afterthedispute,theatmosphereinthemeetingroomwasgettingmoreandmore___.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.frustrated

C.tense

D.light

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.critical至关重要的B.frustrated懊恼的；沮丧的

C.tense紧张的D.light轻的；明亮的；轻松的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据dis