考研考博-英语-北方工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北方工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hewasfiredbecauseofhis（

）refusaltofolloworders.

问题1选项

A.obstinate

B.obedient

C.obsolete

D.obstructive

【答案】A

【解析】obstinate顽固的，倔强的；obedient服从的；obsolete废弃的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。句意：他因固执地拒绝服从命令而被解雇了。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivewaytothequestion“whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventandthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminationthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

17.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonewayinwhichtraditionalhistorycanbedistinguishedfrompsychohistoryisthattraditionalhistoryusually____________.

19.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

20.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword“deepest”inPara.3inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto____________.

问题1选项

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Historyiscomposedofuniqueandnon-repeatingeventsthatmustbeindividuallyanalyzedonthebasisofpubliclyverifiableevidence

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

问题2选项

A.reliesonasingleinterpretationofhumanbehaviortoexplainhistoricalevents

B.interpretshistoricaleventsinsuchawaythattheirspecificnatureistranscended

C.viewspasteventsascomplexandhavingtheirownindividuality

D.turnstopsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontextstoaccountforevents

问题3选项

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

C.Whatsortofhistoricalfigureisbestsuitedforpsychologicalanalysis?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

问题4选项

A.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

B.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimfortheirwork

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians’methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.questiontheusefulnessofpsychohistorians’insightsintotraditionalhistoricalscholarship

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段提出“历史研究在传统上的特点”；第二段讲“现代历史研究的特点和它与传统历史研究的不同点导致了心理历史学的出现，谈及心理历史学的流行性”；第三段与第四段讲“心理历史学研究的特点与相比传统历史研究的不足”。因此，总的来说，文章谈及“心理历史学家研究历史的方式很流行，但是，相比传统历史研究，心理历史研究有些不足”因此A选项“虽然缺乏传统历史研究方式的精确性和严密性，但是心理历史学家研究历史的方式很流行”正确，符合题意。B选项“传统历史学家可以从研究心理历史学的方法和发现中获得帮助”，C选项“历史是由唯一的且不可重复性的事件构成，并且这些事件须在公开可验证的证据基础上进行单独分析”，D选项“对个人的行为和态度的心理评估比其日常生活的细节涵盖的信息量更大”均未在文中提及，可排除。故选A。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到最后一段中谈及心理历史学的不足。Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.（它把决定当前情况的决定论强加给过去，这就剥夺了人和事件的独特性和复杂性。）Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.（它不是尊重过去的特殊性，而是把过去和现在的所有事件都吸收到一个单一的决定论模式中，假设这个模式在任意时间和任意环境中都是正确的。）由此可以推论出传统历史的特点是认为过去事件复杂且有各自个性。因此C选项“认为过去的事件是复杂的，有自己的个性”正确，符合题意。由第一段Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.（按传统来说，历史研究的边界已固定，侧重于时代，国家，大事件和重要领袖）可知A选项“依赖对人行为的单一解释来解释历史事件”与原文不符，可排除。定位在第三段Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.（心理历史学不从历史中寻找“事实”，（比如）对历史事件及其影响的详实完备的记录，而来自对创造历史的个体的精神分析，不从他们一生中的具体事件推导观点，而是来自超越历史的人性观。）可知，B选项“以超越历史事件的特定本质的方式来解释历史事件”属于现代心理历史学研究的特点，可排除。由第三段第一与第二句Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.（心理史学不只是在历史背景下使用心理学解释。历史学家总是在合适的时候和有足够证据的时候使用这种解释。）可知D选项“从心理学角度来解释历史背景下的事件”属于传统历史研究和现代心理历史学研究的共同特点，并不是传统历史学所独有的，可排除。故选C。

19.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在第三段Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.（它（心理历史学）违背历史学证据的基本标准：证据必须对所有的历史学者公开，进而被所有学者检验。）可以推论出文章回答了传统历史学家需要的历史证据的标准是什么这个问题，因此D选项“传统历史学家所要求的历史证据的基本标准是什么？”正确，符合题意。A选项“从心理历史学的角度对历史进行解释的一些典型例子是什么？”B选项“传统历史学家什么时候认为对历史发展的心理学的解释是合理的？”，C选项“什么类型的历史人物最适合进行心理学分析？”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故选D。

20.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由第三段中心理历史学相比传统历史学的不足如Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.（它（心理历史学）违背历史学证据的基本标准：证据必须对所有的历史学者公开，进而被所有学者检验。）以及第三段中Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.（心理历史学家们都相信自己观点的绝对正确，相信他们的观点是对任何事件的“最深刻”的解释而其他人的解释都不是真相。）可知，作者在这里为deepest加引号的目的是对心理历史学家对他们自己工作准确性的宣称不赞成，但是没有直接提出反对，只是持有保留态度。因此B选项“表明她对心理历史学家对他们工作的准确性持保留意见”，正确，符合题意。A选项“对心理历史学家方法中的一个矛盾引起注意”，C选项“强调传统历史学家的方法与心理历史学家的方法的主要区别”，D选项“质疑心理历史学家对传统历史学术的见解的有效性”均不符合题意，可排除。故选B。

3.单选题

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly______.

问题1选项

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“负的；消极的；否定的；阴性的”；B选项negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；C选项neglected“被忽视的；无人照管的”；D选项negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名护工将沸腾的开水倒入浴缸，导致一名病人死亡，测试的是他是否严重疏忽。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。use“使用”；exploit“开发，开拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探测”。句意：我们需要确保尽可能全面开发我们的资源。选项B符合题意。

5.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteapassageinatleast200wordsonthefollowingtopic.Youshoulduseanappropriatetitleforyourpassage.

Moreandmorestudentschoosetogoabroadforhighereducation.Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?

【答案】GoAbroadforHigherEducation,ADouble-edgedSword6.单选题

Thebookstore’scustomerscomprised______group,oneofheterogeneousbackgroundsanddisparatetastes.

问题1选项

A.aravenous

B.adigressive

C.amotley

D.aprodigal

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.aravenous贪婪的，渴望的B.adigressive离题的，直接的

C.amotley杂色的，混杂的D.aprodigal挥霍的，十分慷慨的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“不同的背景和不同的品味”可知空格处所填单词应具有“混杂的”的意思，因此该题选择C项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这家书店的顾客五花八门，背景各异，品味迥异。

7.单选题

THEoldRackspaceheadquarterswasstuffedtothegills.In2007thecompany,whichoffers（1）andweb-hostingservices,hadmorethan1,000employeesindowntownSanAntonio.Peoplewerecrammedat（2）tablesinthehallway.Theyoftenhadtogotoadifferentbuildingor（3）theliftstotalktopeopleinotherdepartments.

Still,whenGrahamWeston,thecompany'sco-founderandchairman,suggestedthatthey（4）ashoppingmall,staffwere（5）Themallwasvacant.Itssite,theencircledsuburbofWindcrest,wasslightlygrotty,notleast（6）thehugedeadmallrightoffthehighway.

Buildingacampusfromscratch,however,wouldhavetakenseveralyearsatleast.Anyway.Theplacewascheap.“Nobodywantsamallanymore."saysJohnEngates,thechieftechnologyofficer.ExceptRackspace,andotherslikeit,whohavecometoseea（7）mallasablankcanvas?In2008itopeneditsnewheadquarters,andwonaprizeforcommunityeconomicdevelopment.Nowithasmorethan3,000workersonsite,withplanstohirehundreds（8）bytheendoftheyear.

Plentyofenclosedmallsare,ofcourse,（9）thriving.Andafterseveralabstemiousyears,shoppersare（10）.InFebruary,accordingtotheCommerceDepartment,retailsaleswere1.1%higherthantheyhadbeeninJanuary-higherthan（11）,andawelcomesignofrecovery.

ButmanyAmericanmallshad（12）beforetherecessionstarted,andthecountry'snascentrecoveryisnotlikelyto（13）them.America'sretailsectorisprobablyoverbuilt;inthefourthquarterof2011，accordingtotheNationalAssociationofRealtors,its（14）ratewas16.9%.Massarevulnerabletosystemicshocks;ifan"anchor"storescloses,orifvacancieslinger,othervendorsquicklysuffer.And（15）themallsthatwerebuiltintheheydayofthegenrearestartingtolookshopsoiled.Thenewfashionisformixed-usedevelopments,ortheoutdoormallsthataredesignedtolooklikeafriendlydowntownshoppingdistrict.Insomecities,peoplearereturningtoactualdowntownshoppingdistricts,asnewurbanistsalwaysdreamedtheywould.

问题1选项

A.cloud-computing

B.cloud-computed

C.cloud-compute

D.cloudcomputer

问题2选项

A.unfolding

B.fold

C.folding

D.folding

问题3选项

A.shuttlearound

B.goup

C.goaround

D.shuttle

问题4选项

A.gointo

B.moveinto

C.takeinto

D.walkinto

问题5选项

A.happy

B.skeptical

C.sad

D.depressed

问题6选项

A.dueto

B.because

C.becauseof

D.as

问题7选项

A.dead

B.dirty

C.great

D.shopping

问题8选项

A.fewer

B.more

C.les

D.little

问题9选项

A.till

B.even

C.still

D.yet

问题10选项

A.shrinking

B.reducing

C.droppingdown

D.perkingup

问题11选项

A.expectation

B.imagined

C.imagination

D.expected

问题12选项

A.becometrouble

B.troubles

C.runintotrouble

D.arousetroubles

问题13选项

A.find

B.revive

C.save

D.help

问题14选项

A.vacancy

B.vacant

C.reserved

D.hooked

问题15选项

A.fewof

B.manyof

C.muchof

D.littleof

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:B

【解析】1.考查词义辨析。And连接空格和“web-hostingservices网络托管服务”,因此此处应该表示“云计算”。故选A项。

2.考查词义辨析。根据“crammed塞满的”和空格处所修饰的名词“tables桌子”可知，此处表示“折叠桌”。

3.考查短语辨析。shuttlearound穿梭；goup上升；goaround走访；shuttle频繁往来，往返运送。前文谈及地方拥挤，他们需要跑到另一栋楼，而且根据后面的“lift电梯”可知A符合句意。

4.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:建议他们搬进商场。Gointo进入，从事；moveinto搬进；takeinto无此搭配；walkinto走进。故选B项。

5.考查形容词辨析。happy快乐的，高兴的；skeptical怀疑的；sad悲哀的，难过的；depressed抑郁的，沮丧的。此处表示“当公司的创建人之一兼主席GrahamWeston表示他们要搬到一家购物中心时，员工们都还持怀疑态度”，故选B项。

6.考查短语辨析。空格前后是直接的因果关系，而且空格后是名词性结构，因此选C项。

7.考查形容词辨析。前文谈及到“空置的商城”，以及根据后文“asablankcanvas作为一块空白的画布”可知，此处应该选A项“dead死去的；无感觉的；呆板的”修饰“mall商城”，因此A项正确。

8.考查形容词辨析。根据前后可知此处句意为:现在，该公司有3000多名员工，计划年底前再招聘数百名员工。

9.考查副词辨析。此处句意为:当然，还是有为数众多的封闭式商场生意依然兴盛。故选C。

10.考查动词/动词短语辨析。选项均为对应动词或短语的现在分词形式。根据前半句“Andafterseveralabstemiousyears经历了几年节制消费”，可知，后半句与其形成对比关系，故只有D项“perk活跃起来，回暖”符合句意。

11.考查动词辨析。该处句意为:据美国商务部的数据，2月份的零售额同

比1月份增加了1.1%——比预期高，是可喜的复苏迹象。此处填入动词expect的过去分词形式表被动。

12.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:但是许多美国人开办的购物中心在经济衰退期来临前就已陷入困境。runintotrouble陷入困境。故选C项。

13.考查动词辨析。空格所在句由并列连词and引导，根据前半句的关键词“recession萧条”可知，后半句应该填入“复兴”，即此句表示“国家初期复苏势头不可能得到复苏”。因此B项正确。

14.考查形容词辨析。前面句意为:美国的零售业很可能建设过度了,因此推测该处表示“空置率”。故选A。

15.考查短语辨析。空格处修饰的名词是“themalls商场”，这是可数名词的复数形式，因此，C和D项排除。前文谈及“购物中心容易遭受系统冲击带来的影响……，其余的商家也很快遭殃”，以及该句表示“还有许多类似在繁荣时期建立的购物中心开始变得陈旧起来”。因此，B项符合句意。

8.案例题

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.

"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege-buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.

Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison-oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities-graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.

Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.

Themostselectiveprivateschools-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton-showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.

"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction-studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill-knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.

Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity-afterfinancialaid-equaled28%ofmedian（中间的）familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.

Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor（严格要求）andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom-andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost（教务长）DamonWilliams.

Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara¬torycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchpro¬gramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.

Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring（辅导）ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.

1.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?

A.Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.

B.Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.

C.Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.

D.Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.

2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?

A.Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.

B.ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.

C.Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.

D.It'sincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.

3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?

A.Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.

B.Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

C.Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.

D.Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.

4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?

A.Fifty-sixpercent.

B.Thirty-ninepercent.

C.Fifteenpercent.

D.Sixty-sevenpercent.

5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.

A.theirstudentsworkharder

B.theyrecruitthebeststudents

C.theirclassesaregenerallysmaller

D.theygivestudentsmoreattention

6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?

7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.

B.Theycannotaffordthehightuition.

C.Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.

D.Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.

8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat（）

9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith（）

duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.

10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan（）

.

【答案】1.B

2.D

3.B

4.C

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.theyarelessqualified

9.somepreparatorycoerces

10.beclosed

【解析】1.

根据文中前三段的内容可知，作者对美国高等教育的主要担忧是少数民族学生的毕业率很低。第三段的最后一句“Astheminority...nationalprosperity.”也可以看出答案。

2.

根据第一段的第一、二句“BarryMills...from8%to13%.”，BarryMills感到自豪的是少数民族学生的招收在不断增长。

3.

根据第三段的第二句“thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.”，选项B正确。

4.

根据第四段的最后一句“Arecentreview...soaswell.”只有15%的非洲裔美国人获得了学位。选项C正确。

5.

根据第六段的第二句“Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.”这可能更多地与他们挑选最优秀学生的能力有关。选项B正确。

6.

根据第七段的最后一句AmyWilkins说的话可以推测出，他认为大学应该负主要责任。

7.根据第八段的最后一句“Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.”，通常，他们最终负债累累，或者一两年后无力偿还债务，不得不辍学。选项B正确。

8.

根据第九段“andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.”

9.

根据第十段的第二句“ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara¬torycourses.”

10.

根据原文中最后一段的第一句“Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.”

9.单选题

Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.

问题1选项

A.conserve

B.reserve

C.preserve

D.maintain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conserve表示“保存，储藏”；B选项reserve表示“预定，储备”；C选项preserve表示“保存，保护，维持”；D选项maintain表示“维持，保持”。根据句意“船上装载了特殊的冰箱设备来（

）食物以保证整个航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本题正确答案为A。

10.单选题

（）mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.

问题1选项

A.Heisremembered

B.Whilebeingremembered

C.Toberemembered

D.Thoughremembered

【答案】D

【解析】考查让步状语从句。后面的句子完整,

但是没有连词连接,

由此可知前面应该为独立主格结构,

所以首先排除选项A。根据句意：虽然人们记得亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔主要是由于电话的发明,

但实际上他一生都致力于帮助失聪者。前后有转折的关系,

所以用连词though更适合。

11.单选题

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

问题1选项

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词比较级。空格前的and表明前后两个部分是并列关系，主语均为people，是集合名词，先排除B和C选项。前半句句意：很少有人有时间去掌握一门外语的“全部”知识。为了保持并列关系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量实际地使用这样一种语言的人就更少了。因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Itwasobviousthathehadbeendrinkingfartoomuchfromthewayhecame（）downthestreet.

问题1选项

A.hobbling

B.stumbling

C.staggering

D.limping

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hobbling“蹒跚；跛行”；B选项stumbling“踌躇；蹒跚”；C选项staggering“蹒跚；踉跄”；D选项limping“跛行”。句意：他……地走到街上，很明显是喝太多了。hobble“跛行”，尤其是因为脚或腿受伤而行走困难。stumble“绊倒”，一般指走路或跑步时脚碰到某物，差点摔倒。stagger“踉跄”，其现在分词staggering可表示“（因生病、醉酒等）摇晃地走”。limp“一瘸一拐地走”，一般是因为一条腿受伤而缓慢或困难地走。而空格内应填入一个动词的现在分词充当伴随状语修饰谓语动词came，前面提及到hehadbeendrinkingfartoomuch“他喝多了”可知他是因为喝多了而走路不稳。因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Withoutthefrictionbetweenthefeetandtheground,peoplewould（

）beabletowalk.

问题1选项

A.innotime

B.byallmeans

C.innoway

D.onanyaccount

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。innotime立即，马上；byallmeans无论如何；innoway决不；onanyaccount无论如何。句意：如果脚和地面之间没有摩擦，那么人类不可能会走路。C项符合句意，答案C

14.单选题

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

问题1选项

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“attention”，意为注意力，关心；B选项“heed”，意为“注意，听从”；C选项“grief”，意为“悲痛，忧伤”；D选项“tribute”意为“致敬，悼念”，句意：总统向灭火的消防队员致敬，称赞他们的勇敢拯救了无数生命。因此，D选项符合句意。

15.单选题

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhenth