考研考博-英语-伊犁师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-伊犁师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

自古以来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉，我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

当今社会要求我们思考，生命的价值到底是什么？为自己？为社会？有衡量它的标准吗？每个人对这些问题的答案是不同的。

【答案】Whatisthesignificanceoflife?Isthereanycriterionforitsmeasurement?Difficultasitistoadvanceanabsoluteone,itwillnotbesotojudgetheverymeaningofone’sexistencegenerallyfromwhetherheisseriousaboutlifeandwhathisattitudesaretowardsworkandlife.

Throughouttheages,allpeopleofaccomplishmenttaketheirlivesseriously.Aslongastheyarealive,theywouldratherdevotethemselvestomoreworkandstudythanletasingleminuteslipbyinvain.Andthesameistrueofthecommonlaborersaswellasthegreatstatesmenandthinkersinourcountry.

Nowadayssocietyrequiresustothinkwhatisthevalueoflife.Foroneself?Forthesociety?Isthereastandardtomeasureit?Everyonehasdifferentanswerstothesequestions.

2.单选题

Ise-mailablessingoracurse?Lastmonth,afteraweek’svocation,Idiscovered1218unreade-mailmessageswaitinginmybox.Ipretendedtobedismayed,butsecretlyIwaspleased.Thisishowwemeasureourwiredworthinthelate1990s.Ifyouaren’toverwhelmedbye-mail,youmustbedoingsomethingwrong.

E-mail.Can’tlivewithit,can’tlivewithoutit.Artistsandrealartists,advertisersandfreedomfighters,loversandswornenemies—they’veallflockedtoe-mailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewritten,campaignsconducted,crimescommitted—allviae-mail.Butitisalsoinconvenient,wastesourtime,isolatesusinfrontofourcomputersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralreadytoo-hurriedlives.Toskeptics,e-mailisjustthelatestchapterintheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.

Yete-mailallonlinecommunicationisinfactsomethingtrulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.Doesthepaceoflifeseemeverfaster?E-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththataccelerationandcontributestoit.Areourattentionspansshrivelingunderbarragesofnew,improvedformsofstimulation?Thequickanddirtye-mailismadetoorderforthosewhoseabilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.Ifweacceptthatthecreationoftheglobal-spanningInternetisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthiscentury,thenwemustgivee-mail,thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectionacrosstheNet,prideofplace.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging;e-mailisboththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthatchange.

1.Accordingtothepassage,e-mailisconvenientbecauseit（）

2.Theauthorofthispassageisaboute-mail（）

3.Whichofthefollowingphrasesistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“give...prideofplace”inParagraph3?

4.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.savesourtime

B.introducesmorecomplexityintoourtoo-upsetlives

C.makescommunicationpossible

D.enrichourlives

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.positive

C.negative

D.firm

问题3选项

A.takeprideintheplace

B.beproudof

C.give...themostimportantposition

D.putstresson

问题4选项

A.E-mailnotonlyallowsustocopewiththefasterpaceoflifebutalsomakesitaccelerated

B.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging

C.E-mailcanhelpusmanageourever-more-complexlives

D.Onlyadvertisersmakeuseofe-mail

问题5选项

A.E-mailisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthe20thcentury.

B.E-mailistheinstrumentthatbringsaboutgreatchangesinhumanconnection.

C.E-mailhelpsusunderstandtheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcentury.

D.E-mailisnotonlyconvenientbutalsoinconvenient.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第四句“E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.”可知选项A正确。

2.观点态度题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Ifweacceptthat,prideofplace.”如果我们承认，创建全球范围的互联网是本世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一，那么我们就必须将电子邮件放在头等重要的位置，因为这是互联网上人与人之间联系的生动的体现。。由此可知作者对电子邮件态度是积极的。

3.语义题。结合原文句意：如果我们承认，全球互联网的创建是本世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一，那么我们就必须将电子邮件放在头等重要的位置，因为这是互联网上人与人之间联系的生动的体现。prideofplace指头等重要的位置，选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段可知不仅仅是广告商，还艺术家，自由斗士，情侣以及敌人都用电子邮件，所以选项D错误。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要主要围绕电子邮件讲述了其特点和作用，意在指出电子邮件是20世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一。所以选项A最能概括全文。

3.单选题

Iseemtohavereachedarathergloomyconclusion,butIthinkthatsomethingcheerfulmaystillbe______fromit.

问题1选项

A.derived

B.extracted

C.abstracted

D.adapted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项derive“源自，获得”，B项extract“提取，抽取”，C项abstract“摘要，抽象化”，D项adapt“适应”。根据关键词conclusion“结论”可知，空格部分对应“获得”更符合语境。句意：我似乎得出了一个相当悲观的结论，但我认为仍可能从中得到一些令人高兴的东西。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Ibelievethateveryhumanbeinghasatalent-somethingthathecanbebetterthananyoneelse.AndIbelievethatthedistinctionbetweenso-called“creative”talentsandordinaryrun-of-the-milltalentsisanunnecessaryandman-madedistinction.Ihaveknownexterminators,typists,waitressesandmachinistswhosecreativejoyandself-fulfillmentintheirworkcouldnotbysurpassedbyShakespeare’sorEinstein’s

Ialsobelievethatintheprocessofsearching,noexperienceiseverwasted,unlessweallowourselvestorunoutofhope.InmyowncaseIhad34differentjobsbeforeIfoundtherightone.Manyofthesejobswereheartbreakinglydifficult.Afewoftheminvolvedworkingwithunscrupulousandhorriblyunpleasantpeople,yet,inlookingback,Icanseethatthemostunpleasantofthesejobs,inmanycases,givemethebiggestdividends—themostvaluablepreparationformyproperlifework.

【答案】我认为，每个人都会在某一方面比别人更有天赋。我认为没有必要去区分所谓的“创造性”天赋和普通天赋，这些不过是认为的区分。我认识的杀虫员、打字员、女服务员、机械师，他们在工作中所创造的快乐和满足感是莎士比亚和爱因斯坦都无法超越的。

我也相信在探索的过程中，任何经历都不会被浪费，除非我们允许自己放弃希望。就我自己而言，在找到合适的那份工作之前，我尝试过34份工作，其中一些工作特别艰难。少数几份工作需要和一些难以相处的人共事，但是回过头来我发现那些令人最难堪的工作给了我最丰厚的报酬—成为我正确事业生涯的最有价值的准备。

5.单选题

Thewintervacation（）over,hegotdowntohisworkagain.

问题1选项

A.being

B.was

C.were

D.hadbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子用逗号连接，且在本句中没有任何连词。因此，这里不可能是两个完整的句子，而只能一个是句子主干，另一个是非谓语结构作状语，因此排除B、C、D选项。“thewintervacationbeingover”是一独立分词结构，用来做状语，表示时间，例如：Nobodyhayinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.（大家都没有什么可说的了，会议就结束了。）。句意：寒假结束后，他又开始认真工作了。因此，本题的正确答案是A选项。

6.单选题

Whenyoupackthepears,pleasebecarefulsothattheywon’tget（

）.

问题1选项

A.bruised

B.blushed

C.injured

D.mature

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。bruise意为“撞伤，擦伤”；blush意为“脸红，羞愧”；injure意为“(尤指在事故中)伤害，损害”；mature意为“成熟”。

句意：当你打包梨子时，请小心点，不要把梨子摩擦坏了。

7.单选题

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（）sightonTV.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了，当在电视上看到这个悲惨的场景时，人们是难过的。

考查形容词辨析。panic恐慌的，惊慌失措的；patriotic爱国的;pathetic可怜的，令人同情的，悲惨的；periodic周期的，定期的。根据前半句句意“一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了”可知C正确。

8.单选题

AriellaRosengardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniadidn’tsetouttoscareanyone.Shejustwantedtoinvestigatealittle-understoodpartoftheimmunesystembystudyinghowviralproteinsinteractwithit.Atfirst,Rosengardworkedwithacommonviruscalledvaccinia.Butvacciniararelymakespeoplesick,andshebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.

Smallpoxvirusisn’teasytocomeby.Officially,itresidesinonlytwoplaces—securelabsintheUnitedStatesandRussia.ButRosengarddidn’tneedthevirusitself.ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.Test-tubestudiesshowedthatitworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse.Thediscoverymayhelpexplainwhysmallpoxkills,anditcouldleadtonewtreatments.

ButwhenRosengardpublishedherreportlastmonthintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit.Thearticlesaiditwouldbeunlikelytousetheworkasablueprintformakingvacciniamorelikesmallpox.Itacknowledged,however,that“theideathatbioterroristsmightbetemptedtoattemptsuchanexperimenthasbeensuggestedasareasonforconsideringitunwisetopublishobservationsofthisnature.”

Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.“Thinkhowmanybrilliantmindswouldnotbeabletoparticipateinfindingacure,”shesays.“Youcan’tpredictthemindofamadman.Thebestdefenseagainstanyvirusisunderstandinghowitfunctions.”

Mostbiologistswouldagree.Butthesedays,theyfindthemselvesgrapplingwithadilemma,astheirtraditionofopennessclasheswiththefearthatwell-intentionedresearchcouldbemisusedtodevelopbioweapons.Asmuchasscientistsfearaidingtheirenemies,theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish.Onething’sforsure—theproblemwon’tjustgoaway.Thegovernmenthasproposedadramaticincreaseinfundingforbasicresearchonpotentialbiowarfareagents.Thismeansthatmanymorescientistswillstudydeadlygerms,andthey’llinevitablywanttopublishwhattheyfind.

1.WhydidAriellaRosengarddecidetostudysmallpox?

2.Howdidsheobtainthesmallpoxprotein?

3.Smallpoxis

deadlyprobablybecause（

）.

4.AccordingtothecommentarymentionedinParagraph3,Rosengard’sreport

（

）.

5.Rosengardthinksthatbasicscience

（

）.

6.Accordingtothefinalparagraph,biologistsareworriedabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becausesmallpoxisbecomingmoreimportantandcomplicated.

B.Becausesmallpoxismorefamiliartoscientiststoday.

C.Becausethesmallpoxviruscanbeobtainedmoreeasily.

D.Becausesmallpoxcanrevealmoreabouttheimmunesystem.

问题2选项

A.Shemadeitfrominformationavailableonline.

B.Shereliedonsecurelabsforasample.

C.Shedevelopeditbyusingvacciniavirus.

D.Shereceivedhelpfromgovernment.

问题3选项

A.itkillsvacciniainthehumanimmunesystem

B.itstopsthereactionofthehumanimmunesystem

C.itcausesthehumanimmunesystemtoattackproteins

D.itreproducesquicklyinthehumanimmunesystem

问题4选项

A.wouldbecriticized

B.wouldhelpcontrolsmallpox

C.wouldmisleadresearchers

D.wouldleadtomorepublicationsaboutsmallpox

问题5选项

A.shouldhavealong-termperspective

B.shouldreceivemorefinancialsupport

C.shouldfocusonacademicresearch

D.shoulddevelopinanopenmanner

问题6选项

A.alossofmotivationamongresearchers

B.fundingfromthegovernment

C.theirfreedomtopublish

D.theprospectsoftheirresearch

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“…shebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.（她开始担心这并不能告诉她很多关于人类免疫系统的信息。因此，她转向了一种与之密切相关、可怕得多的病毒:天花。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“smallpoxprotein”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.（科学家们在互联网上免费提供了它的遗传密码，为她提供了在实验室合成一种关键天花蛋白所需的数据。）”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“deadly”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“itworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse（它比相应的牛痘蛋白在阻断人体免疫反应中的一个关键步骤方面效果要好得多）”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit（与此同时出现了一篇略带辩护意味的评论）”“unlikely（不太可能的）”“unwise（不明智的）”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“Rosengard”,可将信息点定位至原文第四段第一句。根据“Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.（罗辛格反对像她这样的基础科学应该保密的观点。）”,即可得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish（当政府官员谈论限制他们的出版自由时，他们会感到不安）”即可得出本题答案。

9.单选题

Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole（）,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting（眯眼看）upintothemachinery.

问题1选项

A.conscience

B.restraint

C.trial

D.enterprise

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。conscience道德,良心;restraint抑制,约束;trial试验,努力;enterprise企业,进取心。句意：几分钟后,他就接管了整个企业,躺在水池下面,眯着眼睛看着机器。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Youcanhireabicycleinmanyplaces.Usuallyyou’llhavetopaya（）.

问题1选项

A.deposit

B.deal

C.fare

D.fond

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项deposit“押金”；B选项deal“交易”；C选项fare“交通费”；D选项fond“钟爱”。句意：你可以在很多地方租到自行车。通常你要付押金。本句表示支付租车押金，因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Thedrillshipwasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,（）samplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.

问题1选项

A.suspending

B.locating

C.dispensing

D.extracting

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suspend“延缓，推迟”；locate“位于”；dispense“免除；分配”；extract“提取；提炼”。句意：钻探船能够在海面保持稳定的位置，并能够钻进深海，从海底______沉积物和岩石样本。根据句意可知选项D符合题意。

12.翻译题

I’vecometoappreciatethatlifehasitsowntimetable.Ittakesninemonthstomakeababy,2lyearstomakeanadult.Ittakesalongtimetobecomeagoodviolinistordownhillskier.Italsotakestimetobecomeasuccess—andevenmoretimetobecomeasuccessasaperson.

Perhapsthelastthingforcontrollingimpatienceistoexamineyourowncontributiontoit.Areyouunwillingtograntchildrentimetolearn,orslowpeopletimetoaccomplishatask?Ifimpatienceisonlyoccasional,yourannoyancewillpass.Butifyou’realmostalwaysirritableandabrupt,youmaywellfeelthatyou’rejusttooimportanttoeverbekeptwaitingforanyoneoranything.

You’renot,ofcourse;noneofusare.Ifwecanacceptthattheworldisourstoenjoybutnotmadeforourconvenience,we’llbebetterabletomovethroughitequably,morepatientwiththeordinaryvicissitudesoflifeandagoodcompaniontoourfellowhumanbeings—andtoourselves.

【答案】我已经开始欣赏生活有它自己的时间表。9个月就能生个孩子，21年就能长大成人。要成为一名优秀的小提琴家或滑降选手需要很长时间。成功也需要时间，甚至要花费更多的时间来成为一个成功的人。

也许控制不耐烦的最后一件事是检查你自己对它的贡献。你是不愿意给孩子学习的时间，还是不愿意给慢吞吞的人完成任务的时间？如果只是偶尔不耐烦，那么你的烦恼就会过去。但如果你几乎总是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能会觉得自己太重要，以至于不应该等待任何人或任何事。

当然，你不是最重要的，我们都不是最重要的。如果我们能接受这个世界是我们享受的，而不是为我们的便利而创造的，我们就能更好地平静度过，对普通的生活变迁更有耐心，并成为我们人类同胞和我们自己的好伴侣。

13.单选题

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“doyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“Nosir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikesthat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“yes,youareright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre.”Hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch;perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodschoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,aridspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.AtthebeginningMissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.In“...allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...’’,theword“about”means

（

）.

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay"...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”？（7thPara）

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyer,wecanconcludethathewantedto

（

）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersound（

）.

问题1选项

A.busy

B.sociable

C.friendly

D.changeable

问题2选项

A.around

B.on

C.outside

D.concerning

问题3选项

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

B.BecauseJanehadintendedtobemorecritical.

C.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

D.BecauseJanehadsaidsomethingelsetocorrectherself.

问题4选项

A.tellherallhistroubles

B.tellherhislifeexperience

C.changeheropinionofhim

D.changehiscircumstances

问题5选项

A.rude

B.cold

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章中有关简爱对罗彻斯特印象的描述主要在文章前两段。根据第—段中的Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim(上午他似乎有很多工作要做，下午隔壁的绅士会邀请他并且有时候会和他一起吃晚餐),由此可知选项A“繁忙”和选项B“善于交际的”属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象；根据第二段的Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme...(对于他这种多变的态度，我也没有在意)可知选项D“易变的”也属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象，而选项C“友好的”没有在文章中体现，故答案选项为C。

2.词义题。about所在句为:Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile(那吋，我对他所有的了解仅限于偶尔几次在家中的碰面，这时候这位邻居也只会是冷冷地从我身旁走过，但是有时候会鞠躬微笑)，原文中的occasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse是指在家里的几次偶尔的碰面，分析四个选项A“在……周围”，B“在…上面”，C“在…外面”和D“有关，关于”可知aroundthehouse与文中的aboutthehouse意思最接近，故答案选项为A。

3.判断推理题。题干部分所在句为:Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!(我明白了，你批判我的外表，然后在后面捅了我一刀，这里的stabmeintheback字而意思是“从背后中伤我，背后捅我一刀”但是这里是一个比喻，说明简爱的话非常直接，将他伤的更深了，故答案选项为B“因为简爱的话更加有批判性了”；选项A“因为简爱打算用持刀杀了他”只是字面意思；选项C“因为简爱后悔跟他说话”在文章中没有体现；选项D“因为简爱说了一些纠正的话”，他之所以感觉受伤更深原因在于简爱说话的内容而不是说话的行为，故选项D也不对。

4.判断推理题。题目是问“从罗彻斯特对简爱说的话中我们可以知道罗彻斯特的目的是什么”，四个选项分别为根据文章倒数第三段中的WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope(我什么要告诉你这些？因为你是那种让人非常愿意把自己的问题和秘密说出来的人，因为你非常有同情心而且能给人希望),可知罗彻斯特只是单纯地愿意将自己的经历讲给简爱听，并不带任何其他的目的，故答案选项为B项“想要告诉简爱他的人生经历”。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一段中罗彻斯特的话主要是对简爱进行鼓励，特别是这一句:You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh(你就像是一只的笼中小鸟，当年挣脱了笼子，你就会飞得更高)，由此可知答案选项为D“令人鼓舞的，鼓励的”。

14.单选题

问题1选项

A.Todropherbusinessproposal.

B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.

C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.

D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.

【答案】B

【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.

M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.

Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：女士被要求做什么？由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.（出口3D医疗打印技术到中国，我想你还需要细化一下方案）”，可知B选项“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.（要详细阐述一下她的建议）”符合原文。A选项“不考虑她的商业建议”；C选项“衡量企业的损益”；D选项“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。

15.单选题

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

问题1选项

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词和形容词辨析。A选项revenge“报复；替……报仇”；B选项reserve“储备；自然保护区；预备队；储备金”；C选项reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D选项remedial“治疗的；补救的；矫正的”。句意：据说他是被敌对帮派射杀，为上周的枪击案复仇。由关键词“shooting枪击”可推知“报复”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

问题2选项

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

问题3选项

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

问题4选项

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

问题5选项

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林