2017年高考英语阅读专练七选五

2017年高考英语阅读专练（七选五）BrainTransplantsResearchonthehumanbrainhasbeenattractingmoreandmorescientistsinrecentyears.1Ifwecompareahumanbraintoaharddisc,whatthescientistsaredoingistomakebetteruseoftheharddisc.TheideathatahumanbraincouldbetransplantedmaycomefromFrankenstein.In1999,anexperimentturnedabearintoadolphin._2Theyweremadeofthememoryareainthedolphin'sbraincontaininginformationaboutswimming.Theyhadaseriesofusefulinformation,whichwassavedintoabutton-sizedchip（芯片）.Latertheinformationwastransplantedintotheactionmemoryareainthebear'sbrain.3Itprovedtobeahighlysuccessfulexperimentandabearwasturnedintoadolphin.Recently,anothermemorytransplantwasperformedattheMotorNerveResearchInstituteoftheUniversityofCalifornia.Theexperimenthadanentiretransplantofthememoryarea.4ThetransplantwasperformedfromadognamedGeniustoadognamedIdiot.Geniuscouldfollowupto100gesturesandordersmadebyitsmaster.Itwasarealgeniusinmemorizing.However,Idiothadnocontactwithpeoplesinceitsbirth.Itbecameananimalwithnothinginitsbrain,withoutanymemory.5Whenthetwodogswokeup,IdiothadgraspedalltheabilitiesGeniuspossessed;itwasgoodatmemorizingandsensible.Itcouldfolloweverygestureandanycommandgivenbyitsmaster.ButGeniusgavenoresponsetoitsmaster,anddidnotrecognizehimatall.Theexperimentwasacompletesuccess.Itincludedactions,moods,logic,words,images,etc.Thenitwasreleasedbymeansofelectricpower.Differentimageshavedifferentmeaningsinthememoryarea.Usingthemostadvaneedtechnology,detailedimageswereproduced.Discoveriesshowthatmessagesarecarriedbythecentralnervoussysteminthebrain.Oneofthelatesttopicsishowtochangethehumanbrainorcombineitwiththecomputer.W.LloydJerome'sDentalSurgeryIfyouwalkintoW丄loydJerome'sdentalsurgeryinGlasgow,You'llseebrightpaintingsandafashionablebluecouchwhichpatientssitonwhilehecheckstheirteeth.Jeromesays,“That'sbecausethey'refrightened.||__1__“That'swhyIdon'twearawhitecoat.Ifindthat'soneofthethingsthatpeopleassociatewithpain.Infact,myphilosophyisthatdentaltreatmentshouldtakeplaceinanatmosphereofrelaxation,interestand,aboveall,enjoyment”,whichisallhighlyshockingforanyonewhoassociatesdentaltreatmentwithpain,orattheveryleast,formal,clinicalvisits.Hesays,“Ifpeoplearerelaxed,entertainedandcorrectlytreated,theywillforgetsuchpreviousunpleasantexperiences.||“Virtual-realityheadsetsareoneofhisnewrelaxationtechniques.2Theheadsetsareusedforthefirstcheck-up,wherethepatientsitsonthebluecouchandwatchesarfilmwhileIlookattheirteeth.Thentheheadsetswitchestoaspecialcamera,togivethepatientavisualtouraroundtheirmouth.”“Anotherkeypointisthatthesurgerysmellsmorelikeaperfumeshopthanadentist's.Todaythereisthesmelloforange.‘Whenpeoplewalkin,Iwantthemtorealizewithalltheirsensesthatit'snotlikegoingtodentist's.Smellisveryimportant.3”KnownasGlasgow'smostfashionabledentist,Jeromeiskeento

pointoutthathetakeshisworkveryseriously.4Forexample,Jeromeusesaspecialinstrumentwhichsprayswarmwaterontheteethtocleanthem,ratherthanscrapingthem.“Itfeelsabitstrange,butaslongaspeoplearerelaxed,it'snotpainful.||5“OneofthethingsIfoundouttherewasthatwhenyoumakeiteasierforthepatient,youmakeiteasierforyourself.”Heseeshispatient-centredattitudeasthestartofagradualmovementtowardslessformalityintheconservativeBritishdentistryprofession.Atthatmoment,apatientarrives.Jeromerushesover,offershimacupoftea,askshimwhatvideohe'dliketowatchandleadshimgentlytowardsthechair.Fiveyearsago,JeromewenttotheUnitedStatestodoresearch.Hehastriedtocreateanenvironmentwherepeoplearenotafraid.Therelaxationtechniquesareimportantbutthequalityofthetreatmentisthemostimportantthing.WewerethefirstpracticeinBritaintointroducethem.Nowtheylookforwardtotheirvisitshere.Thatdentalsmellofsurgicalspiritcangettheheartracinginminutesifyou'refrightenedofdentists.Fiftypercentofthepopulationonlygotothedentistwhenthey'reinpain.3.3.SchoolPhobiaSchoolphobiaisatypeofillnesswhichcausesthestudents,typicallybetweentheagesof8-13,tobeafraidtogotoschool.Symptomsincludestomachaches,tiredness,shaking,aracingheartandfrequenttripstothetoilet.__1__Mostcommonlyitistheresultofseparationanxiety,butitcanalsobecausedbydifferentkindsofstress.Achildwhohasrecentlymoved,sufferedaloss,orgonethroughadivorcemaydevelopschoolphobia,andphobiascanalsodevelopinresponsetoanunrecognizedlearningdisability,andpoorself-image.__2__Heorshemaybecomephysicallyillwhenorderedtoschool,orpretendtobesicktoavoidgoing.Whenthechildarrivesatschool,heorshemayrunaway,ordevelopbehavioralproblemsinclass.Whenschoolisdiscussed,thechildcanbecomeimpatient,upsetorangry.Manytechniquescanbeusedtomanageschoolphobia.Butresearchsuggeststhatmuchmoreeffectivetreatmentisrequiredforschoolphobiatopreventproblemsdevelopinginlaterlife.Childrenwiththisconditionusuallybenefitfromseeingapsychologistordoctor.__3__Assoonasaschoolphobiaisidentified,parentsshouldtakeactiontoo.Likeotherphobias,schoolphobiagetsworseifitisleftuntreated,anditcanpreventthechildfromsucceedinginschool.__4__Ifbullyingisacause,forexample,thebullyingsituationshouldbesolved.Ateachercanmeetthechildatthedoorandtakehimorhertoclass,andprovidesupportsothatthechildfeelsafriendlyadultisalwaysavailable.ChangesathomecanincludesupportiveIanguagefromparents,alongwithsupportlikeassistaneewithhomework.Ifachildlacksconfidenee,parentsmayencouragethechildtotakeupnewhobbies.__5__Parentsmightalsotalktotheirchildrenabouttheirownfearsofschoolandhowtheygotoverthem,andtheirownenjoymentofschoolandschool-likeactivities.Itwillhelpchildrentofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Butachildwithphobiarefusestoacceptadults'support.Achildwithschoolphobiausuallyrefusestogotoschool.Adjustmentscanbemadeathomeandintheclassroomtohelp.Thiscommonphobiaisassociatedwithawidevarietyofcauses.Themosteffectivetreatmentistohelpthechildhaveasenseofsuccess.Andtheassistaneecanhelpparentsandschoolofficialssupportthechild.5.5.TipsonYoungAdultLife4.ThePleasingSoundofaRainstickArainstickisalongtubethatiscarvedout,withsmallsticksorothermaterialspushedinsidesothatithasasomewhatsmoothsurfaceontheoutside,butsmallbarriersinside.Thesecanbeinalinedpattern,foraspecificsound,orplacedatrandomforamorevariedeffect.Itisthenfilledwithavarietyofdifferentthings,likesmallstones,orbeads（珠子）,orevenrice,andtheendsarecappedtoprovideaseal.__1Theoriginsofrainsticksarenotreallyknownandsothestoriesarequitevaried.SomepeoplesaythattheancientpeoplesofChilecreatedrainsticksfromdriedcactus（仙人掌）,withthesharppointstakenoff,pushedbackinsideandthenfilledwithsmallstones.__2TheDeaguitaIndianssurviveeventoday,andtheyarestillusingtheminmanyoftheirrainceremonies.Theyalsomakethemasmusicalinstruments.3Turningthestickoverquicklywillproduceahighersound,whileturningitslowlywillproduceadeepereffect.Howlongtheeffectlastsdependsonhowlongtheinstrumentis.Thetubealsoaffectsthequalityoftherainsoundaswell.Ifyoumakethemfromsomekindofabsorbentmaterial,likecactusorbamboo,youwillhearitbetterthanifyouweretomakeitfromcardboardtubing.Arainstickcanbemadefromalmostanykindofmaterialandthetypesofthingsthatyoucanuseasfillingscanbeevenmorevaried.__4Usually,theseschoolprojectsaremadeusingacardboardtube,likethecenterfromarolloftoiletpaperorapapertoweltube.Toothpicksaretheninserted,withtheexposedendscutoffandgluedinplace.___5Youcanevenmakeyourownrainsticks,andtheyareoftenpartofschoolprojectswheretheyareusedtohelpchildrenlearnthehistoryofIndianpeoples.Whenturnedupsidedown,thesematerialsfalldownthroughthetube,bouncingoffofthebarrierstoproduceacalmingrain-likesound.Thesewerethencappedwithpiecesofwoodontheendsandusedinceremoniestobringraintotheircrops.Oneendiscappedoffwithposterboardandfilledwithriceorbeans,andthentheotherendissealed.Youcangetdifferentrainsounds,dependingonhowfastyouturntherainstickitself.Thisrainstickcanneverbeopenedaccordingtothescaredwritingsoftheancients.TheycanbethreefeetorIongerdependingonwhatthetubeitselfismadefrom.Asyougrowrapidlythroughyourteenageyears,youwillexperieneealotofehanges.Theehangesmayseemdifficult._J_Don'tpanic!Youwilldealsuccessfullywiththem!Youareayoungadultnow!Withmoreresponsibility,youwillfindmorefreedomtomakeyourownchoices.Thisisatimetobewellinformedaboutmakingchoices.Inthiswayyoucanmakehealthybalaneeddecisions.2Youmayalreadyknowyourcareerpathoryoumayhavenoideaatallwhatyouwanttodo.Bothsituationsarefine!Workhardandtherightopportunitywillpresentitselftoyou.Youngadulthoodmeansgreaterfreedomandmorechoices._3Buttrynottoshutyourfamilyoutofyourlife.Youschoollearntothinkofotherseventhoughyouareoldenoughtolookafteryourself.Itisalsoperfectlynaturalatthistimeforyoutospendmoretimewithyourfriendsthanyourfamily4Atruefriendwillstandbyyounomatterwhathappens.Thisperiodisapartofthelifecycle.Therearesomepeoplewhowillbewithyouthroughoutlife'sjourney.Therewillbesomepeoplewithwhomyoupartandgoseparateways.Leavingschoolcanbehard.Therealityisthatyoumaynotevenseeallofyourclassmatesagain.Youareayoungadult.Itisyourlife.Noonecanliveitforyou._5Somakingtherightchoiceswillbeimportanttoyou.Lifeisforliving.Enjoyyourlifewisely!Chooseyourfriendswisely.Theywillhelpshapethefuture.Theymayseemtohappenquickly.Youwillprobablywanttobeindependent.Youmayappreciatewhatyouhaveinyourownlife.Thechoicesthatyoumakefromnowonwillbeyourchoices.Yourfamilyhasbeenwithyousinceyoucameintothisworld.TheFirstAmericansTherewasatimelongagowhenalandbridgeconnectedAsiaandNorthAmerica.ThefirstsettlersinNorthAmericacrossedthislandbridgefromwhatisnowSiberiatoAlaska.Thepeoplewhomadethisinitialcrossingwereprobablyfollowingtheanimalstheyusedforfood.Eventually,theoceansroseandthelandbridgebetweenthe

continentsdisappeared.Thesettlers,whoIshallcallthe“FirstAmericans”,couldnotreturntotheirhomeland.1Forthenextfewthousandyears,theFirstAmericansmigratedsouthandeastthroughoutNorthandSouthAmerica.TheymadethejourneyallthewayfromAlaskatothesoutherntipofSouthAmerica,adistanceofmorethan10,000miles.2Inthefarnorth,abovetheArcticCircle,theFirstAmericansbecamehuntersoftheocean.3Inthebriefsummer,theygatheredberriesandotherplants.Inthewinter,theystayedinlodgesmuchofthetimepreparingforthenextsummer.Itwasahardlife,buttheylearnedtosurviveintheseharshconditions.Utah,Colorado,andNew悬崖居民).Theybegan4Utah,Colorado,andNew悬崖居民).Theybegan4Thedwellings'sapartmentbuildings.TheybuiltasystemofdamsandcanalssotheycouldstoreTheybuiltasystemofdamsandcanalssotheycouldstoreInMexicoandSouthAmerica,theFirstAmericansfoundedcivilizationsthatwereamongthegreatestintheworld.Theybuilthugepyramids,livedinfabulouscities,andmadegreatadvancesinscienceandmathematicslongbeforetheEuropeansarrived.Theyalsodiscoveredfoodslikecornandpotatoes.Alongtheway,theyestablishedmanydifferentcivilizations.TheFirstAmericansoftheSouthwestlearnedtoirrigatethedesert.TheywouldhavetosurviveintheNewWorldtheyhaddiscovered.Theybuiltboatsofanimalskinsandhuntedorfishedfortheirfood.Peoplelivingneareachothertendedtosharesimilarenvironmentsandcustoms.Theydiscoveredhowtoaddtothecavesbybuildingstructuresofwoodandstone.PublicSpeakingandCriticalThinkingWhatiscriticalthinking?Toacertaindegree,it'samatteroflogic—ofbeingabletospotweaknessinotherpeople'sargumentsandtoavoidtheminyourown.Italsoincludesrelatedskillssuchasdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence.Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytherelationshipsamongideas.1Thegreatestthinkers,scientistsandinventorshaveoftentakeninformationthatwasreadilyavailableandputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideas.That,too,iscriticalthinking.2Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwillprobablyspendagreatdealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanical（机械的）exercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,thereisgoodchaneeyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotjustamatterofarrangingtheideasyoualreadyhave.__3Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking.4Asyouworkonexpressingyourideasinclear,accurateIanguage,youwillimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyandaccurately.5Asyoulearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass,youwillbebetterabletoassesstheideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinkerinmanycircumstances.ThisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasavitalpartofeducationsincethedaysofancientGreece.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.Asyoustudytheroleofevideneeandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunication.ShopaholismThewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs.Somepeoplearecompulsiveshoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallsorstoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit'smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem.Theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics.Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit.Theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon'tneed.Eventhoughtheydon'thaveenoughmoney,theybuyeverythingtheywant.Thequestionis:whydotheyhavethisaddiction?Thereisn'taspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorIonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.3Shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddiction,butitcanbringoutproblems.Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,andtheysufferalot.4Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon'thave.5Onceyouareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs,itisdifficulttogetridof.Overtheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Theyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguilty.Howeverinmodern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddictions.Peopleaddictedtocomputergamesconsiderthegamesasgreatwaystoamusethemselves.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.FlavoringMostdrinksstatingthattheyarefruit-flavored（水果味道的）containnofruitatall,whilemostoftherestcontainonlyasmallquantityoffruit,accordingtoastudycarriedbytheBritishFoodCommission.“Shoppersneedtocheckthelabels（标签）beforebuyingdrinks,thoughsome