研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版上)一至八单元课件

PostgraduateEnglishIntensiveReading(1)

真诚E-mail:lzhencheng@1PostgraduateEnglishIntensiveTeachingProceduresIntroductions&requirementsNewwordslearningText

Detailedstudyoftext(Expressions&Sentencepatterns)TextStructureAnalysisExercises(selectsome)Supplementaryreading(self-reading)2TeachingProceduresIntroductioSchedule

(twoweeksforoneunit,sowecanprobablyfinish8units)Examination(mainlybasedonwhatistaughtinclass)33RequirementsPreviewActiveparticipationFeedback4RequirementsPreview4UnitOne

YouarewhatyouthinkNewwordsTextstudyExercise5UnitOne

Youarewhatyouthi

cliché:Aclichéisanideaorphrasewhichhasbeenusedsomuchthatitisnolongerinterestingoreffectiveornolongerhasmuchmeaning.e.g.acliché-riddennewspaperarticlescrutinize:Ifyouscrutinizesomething,youexamineitverycarefully,oftentofindoutsomeinformationfromitoraboutit.e.g.Hescrutinizedthemen’sfacescarefully,tryingtoworkoutwhowaslying.scrutiny:criticalgaze;closeinvestigation6cliché:AclichéisanideaoOptimism/pessimismOptimismn.optimistica.optimistn.Pessimismn.pessimistica.pessimistn.7Optimism/pessimismOptimismn.Inoculateagainst

预防注射；接种疫苗e.g.Duringthewaralliedtroopswereinoculatedagainstdiseases,becauseoffearsthatbiologicalweaponsmightbeused.Allchildrenareinoculatedagainstpolio.(小儿麻痹症)8Inoculateagainst

预防注射；接种疫苗e.gmetropolitanOf,relatingto,ordenotingametropolise.g.theBostonmetropolitanarea

波士顿大都会区9metropolitanOf,relatingto,oloopholeLoophole:anambiguityorinadequacyinthelaworasetofrulesHewantstoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantageoftheloopholeofthelaw.Loop:环，圈10loopholeLoophole:anambiguityfluke

Ifyousaythatsomethinggoodisafluke,youmeanthatithappenedaccidentallyratherthanbybeingplannedorarranged.(INFORMAL)e.g.Wewonthefootballgamebyafluke.Hissuccessinhistoryexaminationwasamerefluke.11flukeIfyousaythatsometdonatev.:Topresentasagifttoafundorcause;contributeHedonatedallhissavingstotheProjectHope.donationn.Hemadeadonationof$1,000toProjectHope.donator12donatev.:Topresentasagiftrecurv:comeorhappenagaine.g.Thisisaproblemwhichrecursperiodically.recurto:gobackinwordsorthoughte.g.Myfirstmeetingwithheroftenrecurstomymemory.e.g.HiswordsofencouragementrecurredtomymindwheneverIwasinlowspirits.recurrenta./recurrencen.e.g.Thepatientcomplainedofarecurrentheadache.13recurv:comeorhappenagaiimmunea.:（against,from,to）Heseemstobeimmuneto(notaffectedby)flattery./（from,to）Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.(被豁免的)immunityn.:Thechildhasreceivedimmunitytoavarietyofinfections.immunizev.immunizationn.immunologyn.(studyofresistancetoinfection免疫学)14immunea.:（against,from,dodgeIfyoudodgesomething,youavoiditbyquicklymovingasideoroutofreachsothatitcannothitorreachyou.e.g.--HedodgedthebookthatIthrewathim.

Ifyoudodgesomething,youdeliberatelyavoidthinkingaboutitordealingwithit,oftenbybeingdeceitful.e.g.Theministerdodgedalmostallthequestionsthatwereputtoher.15dodgeIfyoudodgesomethingflounderflounder:Tomakeclumsyattemptstomoveorregainone'sbalance.flounderinthedeepsnowTheboyflounderedinthewatertillsomeonejumpedintosavehim16flounderflounder:Tomakeclumcensorv.examinebooks,periodicals,films,etc.tocutoutanythingregardedasimmoralorinotherwaysundesirablee.g.--Thegovernmentcensoredsomepartsofthenovel.n.Hecamehereasacensor.(officialswithauthoritytoexamineletters,newspapers,periodicals,etc.审查员)17censorv.examinebooks,periodDetailedstudyofthetextPara.1:Peopleviewthesamethingsdifferently.Itplaysaroleinintroducing“positiveandnegative”thinking.Theclichesmakethebeginningmoreamusingandthusappealsreaders.18DetailedstudyofthetextParaPara.2body:Anumberofpersons,concepts,orthingsregardedasagroup视作一组的人、事、物Hehasalargebodyoffactstoprovehisstatements.19Para.2ill:whenusedasanoun,itmeans“anythingcausingharm,trouble,wrong,unhappiness,etc.,specifically:a)anevilormisfortune;b)adisease.Synonyms:disease,ailment,illness,sickness…20ill:whenusedasanoun,itmInPara.2:Optimismcanhelpyoutobe…Pessimismleadsyouto…Topicofthearticle21InPara.2:TopicofthearticlInPara.7

Whentheyfailedonthefirstcallortwo…

Paraphrase:Whenthefirstfewpeopletheyphonedrefusedtodonateblood…22InPara.7

WhentheyfailedonInPara.8Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.Self-fulfillingprophecy:apredictionbroughttofulfillmentchieflyasaneffectofhavingbeenexpectedorpredictedParaphrase:

Aprophecymaybecometruewhetheritisanegativeorapositiveone./Ifyouthinkpositively,itmaybringaboutapositiveresult;ifyouthinknegatively,itmayleadtoanegativeresult.23InPara.823InPara.9Asenseofcontrol,accordingtoAnderson,isthelitmustestforsuccess.

Paraphrase:Whetheronefeelsincontrolofthesituationwilldetermineone’ssuccessintheend.24InPara.9Asenseofcontrol,InPara.10

Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustify.justify:Todemonstrateorprovetobejust,right,orvalid

Thecourseofeventsfullyjustifiesourviews.Howcanyoujustifyyourrudeandfoolishbehavior?

Paraphrase:Optimistsmayoverestimatethemselves;…regardthemselvesasbetterthantheyreallyare.25InPara.1025InPara.10...therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.

Paraphrase:Theperiodoftimewhentheywerefreefromdiseasewaslongeranditcouldbestpredictthattheywouldsurvivelonger.Translation:(对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说)两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好征兆。26InPara.10...therewasalongpilotpilot:a.experimentalundertakingortest实验性的；试点的.apilotproject试点项目27pilotpilot:a.experimentalunInPara.13inclined:adj.倾向…的

Iaminclinedtobeillaftereatingfish.2)inclinev.:ToinfluencetohaveacertaintendencyRecenteventsinclineustodistrustallpoliticians.Iinclineto[towards]tirednessinwinter.

冬天我常会感到疲乏。28InPara.13inclined:adj.倾向…的atyourmother’sknee:whenoneisasmallchild29atyourmother’sknee:29InPara.15workwithsb.:spendtimeandefforttryingtohelpsb.insomewayHerhusbandhasapassiontoworkwithherinthekitchenafterahotquarrel.30InPara.15workwithsb.:spenInPara.20keep/losetrackof:learn;keepin/losetouchwithYou’dbetterreadthenewspaperstokeeptrackofcurrentevents31InPara.2031InPara.20holdback(1)hindertheprogressofHispooreducationisholdinghimback.(2)hesitate;showunwillingnessWhendangercame,nooneheldback.(3)keepsecret—holdbackinformation隐藏着消息不宣布

32InPara.20holdback32StructureAnalysisPartI(1-7):Positiveandnegativethinkingbringdifferentresultsinourlife.PartII(8-12):howdifferently(inwhatdifferentways)optimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamesituations.PartIII(13-14):One’spatternofthinkingisalearnedbehavior.PartIV(15-20):Pessimismcanchangeandtheways(how)PartV(21):Conclusion33StructureAnalysisPartI(1-7)MainIdeaCitingtheresultsofnumerousresearchesandquotinganumberofpsychologists,thewritershowstheimportanceofpositivethinking.Wearemorelikelytosucceedinworkandenjoybetterhealthifweadoptanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,includingitschallengesandblows.Whetherinclinedtobepessimisticoroptimistic,weacquirethethinkingpatternaswegrowup.However,wecanconsciouslytrainourselvestoturnourthinkingintomorepositivechannels.Wewillturnouttobewhatweexpecttobe.34MainIdeaCitingtheresultsofWritingPatternTopic-raisingTopic-developingConclusion35WritingPatternTopic-raising3WritingStrategiesExemplification(forexample,forinstance,acaseinpoint,etc)thefindingsofmanyexpertsCitationwordsofsomeresearchersRestatement（重述）

optimism&pessimism36WritingStrategiesExemplificatUnitTwo

Cancer&ChemicalsNewwordslearningTextstudyExercises37UnitTwo

Cancer&ChemicalsNNewWordsimplementv.(=carryout)Ifyouimplementsomethingsuchasaplan,youensurethatwhathasbeenplannedisdone.

Thegovernmentpromisedtoimplementanewsystemtocontrolfinancialinstitutions.

implementacontract

履行合同implementone'sideas

实施某人的设想implementationn.38NewWordsimplementv.(=carryesoteric:

Ifyoudescribesomethingasesoteric,youmeanitisknown,understood,orappreciatedbyonlyasmallnumberofpeople.(FORMAL)Somewordsarereallytooesotericforthisdictionary.有些单词实在太生僻了,未收入本词典内。Thailandisanesotericcountrywheremanypeoplewanttovisit.39esoteric:IfyoudescribesoCabaretShow人妖秀（歌舞表演）Pattaya芭堤雅Ladyman/Ladyboy/Girlman,etc.人妖DenaturalPeople变性人40CabaretShow人妖秀（歌舞表演）40jargonJargon:

(1)Youusejargontorefertowordsandexpressionsthatareusedinspecialortechnicalwaysbyparticulargroupsofpeople,oftenmakingthelanguagedifficulttounderstand.thejargonoflinguistics(2)languagedifficulttounderstand;meaninglesstalkOnlyamothercanunderstandherbaby’sjargon.41jargonJargon:(1)Youusejar42424343444445454646474748484949quintessentialquintessential:representingthemosttypicalexampleormostimportantpartofsomething最典型的，精萃的,精髓的(FORMAL)EverybodythinksofhimasthequintessentialNewYorker.ThisisthequintessentialEnglishvillage.quintessence:n.perfectexamplethequintessenceofvirtue/politeness50quintessentialquintessential:rimrim:n.therimofacup/bowlthered-rimmedeyes(眼圈红红的)51rimrim:n.51rumplerumple:v.Ifyourumplesomeone'shair,youmoveyourhandbackwardsandforwardsthroughitasyourwayofshowingaffectiontothem；disarrangeIleanedforwardtorumplehishair,buthejerkedoutoftheway.Don’tplaytooviolently,oryou’llrumpleyournewdress.synonyms:ruffle;tousle52rumplerumple:v.Ifyourumplsallowsallow:a.Ifapersonhassallowskin,theirskin,especiallyontheirface,isapaleyellowishcolourandlooksunhealthy.awomanwithsallowfaceShehadsallowskin.v.:makeorbecomesallowHerfacewassallowedbyyearsofillness.53sallowsallow:a.Ifapersonhinterjectv.Ifyouinterjectsomething,yousayitandinterruptsomeoneelsewhoisspeaking.(FORMAL)`Surelythere'ssomethingwecando?'interjectedPeter.Helistenedthoughtfully,interjectingonlytheoddword.54interjectv.Ifyouinterjectprestigiousadj.Aprestigiousinstitution,job,oractivityisrespectedandadmiredbypeople.It'soneofthebestequippedandmostprestigiousschoolsinthecountry.55prestigiousadj.AprestigiousslaughterV.(1)Iflargenumbersofpeopleoranimalsareslaughtered,theyarekilledinawaythatiscruelorunnecessary.Thirtyfourpeoplewereslaughteredwhilequeuinguptocasttheirvotes.

(2)Toslaughteranimalssuchascowsandsheepmeanstokillthemfortheirmeat.Lackofchickenfeedmeansthatchickenfarmsarehavingtoslaughtertheirstock.

Slaughterisalsoanoun.awarwheretheslaughterofcivilianswascommonplace56slaughterV.(1)IflargenumbeNanjingMassacre57NanjingMassacre57mutatev.Ifananimalorplantmutates,orsomethingmutatesit,itdevelopsdifferentcharacteristicsastheresultofachangeinitsgenes.Thevirusmutatesinthecarrier'sbody.mutation:n.变化,转变,(生物物种的)突变Aremutationsinplantscausedbycosmicrays(宇宙射线)?58mutatev.Ifananimalorplantmustardmustardgas芥子气（第一次世界大战中用的一种糜烂皮肤的毒气）59mustardmustardgas芥子气59Celery&parsley60Celery&parsley60benignbenign:(ofadisease)

ofnodangertohealth;notrecurrentorprogressive;notmalignant良性的对健康无害的；非复发性或渐进性的；非恶性的

abenign(malignant)tumor

良（恶）性肿瘤(ofperson)kindandgentle(ofsoil,climate)mild,favorableabenignclimate61benignbenign:(ofadisease)testimonytestimony:adeclarationbyawitnessunderoath,asthatgivenbeforeacourtordeliberativebody;evidenceinsupportofafactoranassertion;proof.Thewitness’stestimonyisfalse.Accordingtothetestimony

ofthemedicalprofession,thehealthofthenationisimproving.62testimonytestimony:adeclaratstoogen.:onewhoallowsoneselftobeusedforanother'sprofitoradvantage;apuppet.陪衬甘愿被他人用来谋其利之人；傀儡63stoogen.:onewhoallows63

Hehasrejectedclaimsthatheisagovernmentstooge.v.stoogeforsb.:actasstooge作替罪者，替身He’dliketostoogeforthebeautifulgirlforthesakeoflove.64Hehasrejectedclaimsthaobligateobligate:Hefeltobligatedtodonateblood.n.:promise,dutytofulfillanobligate履行义务theobligatesofagoodcitizenship好公民的义务obligationn.65obligateobligate:65triviatrivia:(usedwithasing.orpl.verb)trivialandunimportantthingstriviala.Idon’tknowwhyhegetssoupsetaboutsomethingthatisutterlytrivial.Shejustdismissedmyproblemastootrivialtobeworthdiscussing66triviatrivia:(usedwithasinretardv.:hinderretardprocess/developmentretardationn.;retardantn.67retardv.:hinder67Somuchfornewwords.Thankyou!68Somuchfornewwords.68Textstudy(1)Pleaselookatthepictureandreadthefollowingreportsbeforewelearnthetext.(2)Pleasetelluswhatyouthinkaboutchemicals.(3)Whatdoyouthinkatthefirstsightofthetopicoftheessay?(4)Whatdoyouthinkwhenyoufinishreadingthewholeessay?69Textstudy(1)Pleaselookattpesticide/insecticide70pesticide/insecticide701100gallonsofchemicalpesticidesaresoakedintothesoilper1000squarefeetofhomeareapriortopouringofconcretefoundation.

Researchnowshowsthesechemicalsenterintothehomeyearslaterandarebreathedcontinuouslybyhomeoccupants.

711100gallonsofchemicalpes

Wearelivinginachemicalsoup!Everypersonalivetodaycarriesapproximately250chemicalswithinherorhisbody,chemicalsthatdidnotexistpriorto1945.

Thisisreferredtoasthe“bodyburden”,andisourcommonlegacyfromtheprocessofdevelopmentandindustrialization.

About100,000chemicalshaveenteredintothemarketsince1945,anditisestimatedthat75,000ofthemremainincommercialusetoday.

Astartlingfactaboutthesechemicalsisthatmostremainuntestedfortheirsafetyinhumansandotherspecies.

Onlyabout1.5%to3%(about1,200to500chemicals)havebeentestedforcarcinogenicity(致癌性).

7272Para.1TheimplementationofProposition65Report:TheOfficeofEnvironmentalHealthHazardAssessment(OEHHA)oftheCaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyisadding“estrogens(雌激素),steroid（类固醇）”tothelistofchemicalsknowntothestatetocausecancerforpurposesoftheSafeDrinkingWaterandToxicEnforcementActof1986(HealthandSafetyCodesection25249.5,Proposition65).Thelistingof“estrogens,steroid”iseffectiveAugust19,200573Para.1TheimplementationofPmindmindn.:(personwith)mentalability;intellectHewasoneofthegreatmindsoftheage.思想家themedicalmind;thepublicmind.具有医学头脑的人；具有公众头脑的人.74mindmindn.:(personwith)menttoxictoxica.:poisonousatoxicdrug毒药

toxicityn.:qualityordegreeofbeingtoxictostudythetoxicityofinsecticidestoxicology,toxicologist75toxictoxica.:poisonous75enforcement/actenforcement:enforcingorbeingenforced实施

strictenforcementofanewlawactn立法机构立的法案76enforcement/actenforcement:enDifficultsentence:Thisnewlawbansindustries…watersupplies.Ban…fromDischarge…intoSuspectof77Difficultsentence:Thisnewlban

banv.:forbid/prevent,esp.officiallyThefilmhasbeenbannedforthirteenyears.bansb.fromdoingsth:orderwithauthoritythatsb.maynotdosth.Hewasbannedfromattendingthemeeting.bann.:orderthatbanssth.orsb.禁令Thisbookisunderaban.78banbanv.:forbid/prevent,dischargedischarge:sendorgiveout

放出；流出；排出；冒出Thestovechimneydischargeddarksmoke.火炉的烟囱冒出黑烟。与into连用（河流）流入，汇入（大海）TheYangtzedischargesitselfintotheEastChinaSea.长江流入东海。79dischargedischarge:sendorgdefectdefect:Iboughttheseshoescheaplybecausetheyhaveslightdefectsinthem.Shesuffersfromasight/speechdefect.80defectdefect:80Para.2-4Detailsofthemeeting,esp.Ames’sdifferentopinionPara.2Paraphrase:Itwaspredictedthattheday(whenthemeetingwasheld)wouldbefilledwithmysteriousscienceanddifficultterminologies.ButBruceAmes,hadsomeplanstomakethemeetingalive.

81Para.2-4Detailsofthemeetin(1)liven(up)liven:v.makeorbecomelively

使有生气，使活跃/使高兴

HowcanIlivenmylectureup?(2)proceeding:courseofaction进程

(pl)事件；事项

watchedtheproceedingsfromaringsideseat.

在赛场外围的座位观看活动82(1)liven(up)82Para.3DescriptionofAmes(1)bifocal:n(pl)/bai`foukl/glasseswithlensesthataredividedintotwoparts.Theupperhalfisforlookingatthingsfarawayandthelowerhalfisforreadingorforlookingatthingsthatarenear

双光眼镜，远近两用眼镜

(2)Carcinogenesis:[医]癌发生,致癌作用83Para.3DescriptionofAmes(1)Question1Ames’sappearanceatlastyear’smeetingshowedthat____A.helikedtoenjoytheCaliforniasunshineB.hewastoobusytocareforhimselfC.hewasparticularabouthisclothesD.hepaidnoattentiontohimself84Question1Ames’sappearanceatPara.4Ames’suniqueattitudetowardschemicals(1)chock-full:filledtothelimit充满的,塞满的Theroomischock-fulloffurniture.(2)hazardous:dangeroushazardn.:risk,dangeralifefullofhazards85Para.4Ames’suniqueattitudeDS:Abeer,with…inthewaterPartsperbillion:ppb十亿分之…

AisNtimesmorethanB.Yourhouseisthreetimeslargerthanmine.86DS:Abeer,with…inthewaterPPara.5-12BackgroundofAmesandhisviewsPara.5presentsAmes’sdifferentmessage.

(1)headline:alineofwordsprintedinlargelettersasthetitleofastoryinanewspaper,orthemainpointsofthenewsthatarebroadcastontelevisionorradio87Para.5-12BackgroundofAmes(2)scaren.:feelingofalarm;stateofwidespreadfear

v.：frighten;becomefrightened（常与of,to连用）Thenewscausedawarscare.scaresb.outofhiswits:makehimextremelyfrightenedoutofhiswits(不知所措)astock-marketpanic.

88(2)scaren.:feelingofalarm

Q2:AccordingtoAmes,inoureraman-madecarcinogensare___A.lessdangerousthannaturalcarcinogensB.asdangerousasnaturalcarcinogensC.moredangerousthannaturalcarcinogensD.thelatestcancerscare89

89Para.6givesbriefintroductionofAmes.TS:Amesisnotaquack.A.HeisarespectedauthorityB.Hisresumeispackedwithhonors.(1)prize(2)membershipinNAS.C.Hedeveloped“Amestest”.90Para.6givesbriefintroductiPara.7-12presentsthebackgroundinformationofhisstudyPara.7：WhathasAmesdone?Thispara.isdevelopedbygivingexample.report:listingthepotentialcancerrisksprovingnaturallyoccurringchemicalsaremoredangerousthatman-madeonesIntentionofAmesistoshowthefactthatmostman-madecancerrisksaretrivialcomparedwithdailynaturalrisksandit’snotclearhowmanyofthesearerealrisks.91Para.7-12presentsthebackgrsacredcow/takeonsacredcow:onethatisimmunefromcriticism,oftenunreasonablyso;神圣的人或事物takeon:tobegintohave,useordosomething,undertake

Hehadtotakeonextraresponsibilities.92sacredcow/takeonsacredcow:RankRank:v.toputorarrangeinarankorranks；putinaclassWouldyourankhimamongtheworld’sgreatstatesmen?93RankRank:v.toputorarrangeTrace/moldtrace(of):averyslightamountTracesofdangerouschemicalshavebeenfoundintheriver.ShespeaksEnglishwithouttheslightesttraceofanaccent.94Trace/moldtrace(of):averysintakeintaken.:quantity,numberenteringortakingin引入之量anannualintakeof10,000men每年征招10000人intakeoffood食物摄取95intakeintaken.:quantity,numDS:Basedon…wineorbeeris.StructureoftheDS:Basedon…,thedatashowthatA,which…,isntimesmorethanB,and

thatAisntimeslessthanB.96DS:Basedon…wineorbeeris.SQuestion3“Amesslaughterssacredcow”meansthat__A.AmesoftenkillscowsB.AmeslikestoeatbeefC.Amesdoesn’tbelieveinanyreligionD.Amesdefiesanythingregardedasabovecriticism97Question3“AmesslaughterssacQuestion4WHATAmesreallywantstosayinhisreportinSciencemagazineisthat___A.dailyconsumptionoftheaveragepeanut-buttersandwichis100timesmoredangerousthanourdailyintakeofDDTfromfood.B.aglassofthemostpollutedwellwaterintheSiliconValleyis1000timeslessofcancerriskthanaglassofwineorbeeris98Question4WHATAmesreallywanC.peopleshouldstopconsumingpeanut-butter,beer,andwine.D.mostman-madecancerrisksaretrivialcomparedwithdailynaturalrisksandit’snotclearhowmanyofthesearerealrisks.99C.peopleshouldstopconsuminPara.8presentsthereasonwhyhestartedhisstudyonchemicals.(1)strike:toenterone‘smind;occurto；impress;haveaneffectuponthemindWhatstruckmewasthathewasnottellingthetruth.Anideasuddenlystruckme.(2)Itstruckhimthat…,andtherewas…100Para.8presentsthereasonwhPara.9presentshowAmesdeveloped“AmesTest”

(1)hail:tocallsomeoneinordertoattracttheirattention招呼；欢呼；欢迎Shallwehailataxi?She’sbeinghailedasoneofthebestyoungdancerstoday.DS:Armedwiththeknowledgethat…,andthat…,Amesdeveloped…101Para.9presentshowAmesdeveQuestion5BeforeAmesdevelopedacarcinogentestusingbacteria,scientists___A.madetheirexperimentsonbacteriaB.didnotknowthatbacteriaweresensitivetomutagensC.hadknownthatbacteriaweresensitivetocarcinogensD.hadspentmuchtimeandmoneymakingexperimentsonbacteria.102Question5BeforeAmesdevelopePara10presentsthereasonwhyAmesbecameahero.Structure:(1)Onesuggestedthat…(should)do…(2)asdoI/asIdoShetraveledagreatdeal,asdidmostofherfriends.103Para10presentsthereasonwhQuestion6In1974,Amessuddenlybecameaheroofenvironmentalistsas___A.hesuggestedsomestudentstestvarioushouseholdproductsB.manycommonhairdyestestedpositiveC.aflameretardantusedinchildren’spajamastestedpositiveD.hisfindingsresultedinnewregulationsandlawsoncertainchemicals104Question6In1974,AmessuddenPara11presentsAmes’challengestocommonideas.turnout:tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortrialTherookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.新手证明是队里最出色的击球员105Para11presentsAmes’challenPara.12presentsAmes’erroronthispoint.assume:takeasafactorastruewithoutproof;supposeScientistsassumethatthereisnoanimallifeonMarsassumptionn.:sth.thatistakenasafactorastruewithoutproofHisassumptionprovedtobewrong.106Para.12presentsAmes’errorQuestion7

Peopletendtoassumenatureisbenignbecause___A.theyconsideronlyman-madechemicalsdangerousB.AmeshaderredwithhistestsC.theyarenaïveandignorantD.mostnaturalsubstanceshavebeentestednegativeascarcinogensormutagens107Question7PeopletendtoassuPara.13WhyAmesexplainthefacttothepublic.(1)convince:makesb.feelcertain;causesb.torealizeIamconvincedthatheishonest/ofhishonesty.(2)playwith:triflewith;considerlightlytoplaywithone’saffections.108Para.13WhyAmesexplainthePara.14presentsAmes’stestimonywithexample.(1)dueto:thatmaybeascribedorattributedtoTheaccidentwasduetocarelessdriving.(2)Average:v.tobeoramounttoanaverageSomesparrowsaresixincheslong,buttheyaveragesmaller.Ourexpensesaveragedoutto45dollarsperday.109Para.14presentsAmes’stestiPara15-16presentsdifferentattitudestowardsAmes’sarguments.Consult:viToworkorserveasaconsultantamanwhoconsultsforseverallargecompanies110Para15-16presentsdifferentQuestion8Environmentalists’argumentagainstAmesisthat___A.AmesisastoogeforthechemicalindustryB.Amesdoesconsultingforthechemicaldrugandfoodcompaniesorlawfirms.C.Ameshaserredinsupposingthatwehavetomakeachoicebetweencancerrisks.D.MoreattentionshouldbepaidtoTCEindrinkingwaterthatpubliceducationofcigarettesmoking111Question8Environmentalists’aPara17presentsAmes’replytotheenvironmentalists.Q9.Ames’sreplytotheenvironmentalistsisthat___A.wehavetopayforlivinginamodernindustrialsocietyB.weshouldnotwastetimeontrivialattheexpenseofrealrisksC.WehavetogetridofharmfulchemicalsinthewateratanycostD.everychemicalcompanyshoulddumpitsgarbageoutthebackdoor112Para17presentsAmes’replyQuestion10Fromthetextwecaninferthatman-madecarcinogensare___A.nomoreharmfultotheAmericanpublicthanapeanut-buttersandwichB.notmoreharmfultotheAmericanpublicthanapeanut-buttersandwichC.moreharmfultotheAmericanpublicthanapeanut-buttersandwichD.harmfultotheAmericanpublicwhileapeanut-buttersandwichisnot113Question10FromthetextwecaQuestion11Ameshasadopteda___attitudetowardsCalifornia’sProposition65.A.watch-and-waitB.no-commentC.criticalD.respectful114Question11AmeshasadoptedaSomuchforthetext,

thankyou!115Somuchforthetext,

thanky

Unit3RatsandMen

“Insoluble”Problems

116

Unit3RatsandMen

“InsolubNewWords

neurosis:(pl.Neuroses)n.神经症,神经衰弱症acidosisn.bacteriosisn.analysisanalysesbasisbasesc