2018北京卷英语及解析

2018北京卷英语及分析2018北京卷英语及分析2018北京卷英语及分析2018年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必然答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain._________,welastmetmoyearsago.

rethanthirtyA.What’smoreC.Inotherwords

B.That’stosayD.Believeitornot答案是D。1.—Hi,I

’mPeter.AreyounewhereIhaven

’tseenyouaround

.—Hello,Peter.I’mBob.Ijust_________onMonday.A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted_________wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.Although

B.While

C.If

D.Until3._________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.A.Travel

B.Traveling

C.Havingtraveled

D.Traveled4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband_________asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworking

B.wasworking

C.hasworkedD.hadworked5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asthatDuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared7.China’shigh-speedrailways_________from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowing

B.havegrown

C.willgrowD.hadgrown8.Inanyunsafesituation,

simply

_________the

button

andahighly-trained

agentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________inthemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedD.hadbeentrapped10.Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use

C.weretrapping11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.howB.whenC.wherewhy

D.12.Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven14.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at15.Thisis

_________myfather

hastaught

me—to

always

face

difficulties

andhopeforthebest.A.how

B.which

C.that

D.what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每题分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其马虎，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany,finding

anunattended

wallet

filled

with

￡400in

cashwouldbeasource（本源）oftemptation（诱惑）.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreater

if

youwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.After

hours

in

the

cold

andwet,

he

20

inside

andpulled

the

wallet

outhopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact

（联系）

thedriver,onlyto

21

itcontained

￡400innotes,withanother

￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethen

took

the

wallet

to

anearby

police

station

after

22a

notebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar

’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworthGlasgowcitycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstanding

￡35,000nextto

—init.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25.think

Mr.Andersonsaid:heissleeping

＂Icouldnonthestreets

’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Totonight26hecouldhavestolen

the

moneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand

27

hedidn

’ttakethewalletforhimself

；hethoughtaboutothers

28

.It

’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare

29guysoutthere.

＂Mr.Smith’sact30muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonline

campaignto

32

money

forMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.＂Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he

’shadjob

34andallsorts,

＂Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossible

life-changing

35.

Thestory

onceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort17.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once18.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel19.A.partner

B.colleague

C.owner

D.policeman20.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached21.A.discover

B.collect

C.check

D.believe22.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing23.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen25.A.service

B.support

C.kindness

D.encouragement26.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because27.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just28.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead29.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous30.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew31.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard32.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn33.A.ofB.atC.forD.in34.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications35.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节（共15小题；每题2分，共30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.

Inmyfirst

.class,

theteacher

requiredustorunlapsandthenhit

asoftball.

Ididn’t

doeither

well.

Helater

informedmethatIwas

＂notathletic

＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(Istoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!

鞋带)becameuntied.SoAtmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(

世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa

＂marathonwinner

＂.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope37.Whydidtheauthormentionthe.classinhis7thyearA.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathonA.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.HegottheD.Hewalked

firstto

the

prize.end.39.WhatdoesthestorymainlytellusA.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof＂downed＂pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineatWhydopeoplecometoSACA.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets42.WhatisthemostimportantfortraineesA.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’

chewingalonewasnotresponsible

forthepolyethylene

breakdown,theresearchers

madesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andapplied

ittoplastic

films.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass

—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromthewormsBiologyin2017.

’stomachs.Theirfindingswerepublishedin

CurrentFedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂WhatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudyTheytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassageToexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikedream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,

afuturistthefuture

’sisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentesting

theirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscarsImagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与保护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcernA.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymeanA.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcarsA.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）依照短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为节余选项。WhyDoWeGetAngryAngerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,personalitytraits（特色）,andourassessmentofsituations.51Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.____52____Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.54Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.

Sometimesignorance

andnegative

(消极的)outlooks

onsituations

cancreateanger.55However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficial

charactertrait,

andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularly

strong

feeling

andmaybepeoplethink

that

theyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonality

traits

implies

thepre-anger

state,

whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasons

will

controlour

ownangerif

wearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)第一节(15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：表示欢迎；介绍他上哪所大学；建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1.词数很多于50；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua(请务必然作文写在答题卡指定地域内)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请依照以下四幅图的先后序次，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周款待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意：词数很多于60。(请务必然作文写在答题卡指定地域内)2018年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试（北京卷）英语参照答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每题1分，共15分）1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D第二节完形填空（共20小题；每题分，共39分）16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.C第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）36.C37.C38.A39.B40.A41.D42.B43.C44.B45.D46.C47.A48.D49.A50.B51.F52.G53.E54.A55.D第