2017年高考英语试题分类汇编-阅读理解

2017年高考英语试题分类汇编一一阅读理解（2016湖南）ALIPITORABOUTLIPITORLipitorisaprescriptionmedicine.Alongwithdietandexercise,itlowers“bad'cholesterol（胆固醇）inyourblood.Itcanalsoraise“good'cholesterol.[Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralcommonriskfactors,ncludingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease,highbloodpressure,ageandsmoking.[WHOISLIPITORFOR?WhocantakeLIPITOR:.PeoplewhocannotlowertheircholesterolenoughwithdietandexerciseAdultsandchildrenoverl0WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR:.Womenwhoarepregnant,maybepregnant,ormaybecomepregnant.Lipitormayharmyourunbornbaby.[.womenwhoarebreast-feeding.Lipitorcanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharmyourbaby.[Peoplewithliver（肝脏）problemsPOSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITORSerioussideeffectsinasmallnumberofpeople:.Muscle（肌肉）problemsthatcanleadtokidney（肾脏）problems,includingkidneyfailure.Liverproblems.YourdoctormaydobloodteststocheckyourliverbeforeyoustartLipitorandwhileyouaretakingit.Callyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave:.Unexplainedmusclepainorweakness,especiallyifyouhaveafeverorfeelveryfired.Swellingoftheface,lips,tongue,and/orthroatthatmaycausedifficultyinbreathingorswallowingStomachpainSomecommonsideeffectsofLIPITORareMusclepainUpsetstomachChangesinsomebloodtestsHOWTOTAKELIPITORDO:.TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor..Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor.[.TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood.[.Ifyoumissadose（——齐U）,takeitassoonasyouremember.[Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose,wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.[Don't.Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.[.Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.[WhatisamajorfunctionofLipitor?Tohelpquitsmoking.Tocontrolbloodpressure.Toimproveunhealthydiet.Tolower"bad"cholesterol.TakingLipitorishelpfulforbreast-feedingwomenwomenwhoarepregnantadultshavingheartdiseaseteenagerswithliverproblems.Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose,youshouldchangetheamountofyournextdoseB.eatmorewhentakingyournextdoseC.haveadoseassoonasyourememberD.takethenextdoseatyourregulartimeWhichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectoftakingLipitor?Faceswelling.B.Upsetstomach.C.Kidneyfailure.D.Muscleweakness.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toteachpatientswaysforquickrecovery.Topresentareportonascientificresearch.Toshowtheimportaneeofagoodlifestyle.Togiveinformationaboutakindofmedicine.本文为药品说明，主要介绍了药品Lipitor的作用、适用人群、副作用及服药的相关注意事项。答案：D考点：：细节理解解析：根据Alongwithdietandexercise,itlowers“bad'cholest®1（胆固醇）inyourblood.Itcanalsoraise“good'cholesterol.["可以推断出答案。答案：C考点：：细节理解解析：根据Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralcommonriskfactors,includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease,highbloodpressure,ageandsmoking.[”Adultsandchildrenoverl0"可以判断选C答案：D考点：：细节理解解析：根据Ifyoumissadose（一剂）,takeitassoonasyouremember.[Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose,wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.["可以得出答案答案：B考点：：细节理解解析：根据“SomecommonsideeffectsofLIPITORare：Musclepain,Upsetstomach,Changesinsomebloodtests”可以得出答案答案：D考点：：推理判断题解析：文章先总体介绍药品Lipitor的作用，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，然后介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的注意事项，由此可以判断选D项。BWhenMaryMoorebeganherhighschoolin1951,hermothertoldher,"Besureandtakeatypingcoursesowhenthisshowbusinessthingdoesn'tworkout,you'llhavesomethingtorelyon."Maryrespondedintypicalteenagefashion.Fromthatmomenton,"theverylastthingIeverthoughtaboutdoingwastakingatypingcourse,"sherecalls.Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermorn,"Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer,"sheadmits.Unlikeher1995autobiography,AfterAll,hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward-winningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes（糖尿病）.AllthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfortheJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation（JDRF）,anorganizationsheservesasinternationalchairman."Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis,"shesays."Ididn'twanttolecture,butIwantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe'reself-controlledanddoourpartinmanagingthedisease."Butshehasn'talwayspracticedwhatsheteaches.Inherbook,shedescribesthatawfulday,almost40yearsago,whenshereceivedtwopiecesoflife-changingnews.First,shehadlostthebabyshewascarrying,andsecond,testsshowedthatshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeact,sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts（甜甜圈）.Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowup---again---andtakecontrolofherdiabetes,notletitcontrolher.Onlythendidshekickherthree-pack-a-daycigarettehabit,overcomeheraddictiontoalcohol,andbegintofollowabalaneeddiet.Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor,sherefusestofallintoself-pity."Everybodyonearthcanask,'whyme?'aboutsomethingorother,"sheinsists."Itdoesn'tdoanygood.Nooneisimmune（免疫的）toheartache,pain,anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.I'vecometorealizetheimportaneeofthatasrvegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe."WhydidMaryfeelregretful?Shedidn'tachieveherambition.Shedidn'ttakecareofhermother.Shedidn'tcompleteherhighschool.Shedidn'tfollowhermother'sadvice.Wecanknowthatbefore1995MaryhadtwobookspublishedreceivedmanycareerawardsknewhowtouseacomputersupportedtheJDRFbywritingMary'ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyaboutherlivingwithdiabetessuccessfulshowbusinessserviceforanorganizationremembraneeofhermotherWhenMaryreceivedthelife-changingnews,shelostcontrolofherselfB.beganabalaneeddietC.MedtogetatreatmentD.behavedinanadultwayWhatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?Maryfeelspityforherself.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.【语篇解读】本文为人物介绍说明文。主要介绍了玛丽•摩尔的职业生涯及抗病之争。答案D考点：：细节理解题。解析：根据第二段"Onlyrecently，whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain，didsheregretignoringhermom，'Idontknowhowtouseacomputer,'sheadmits.”可判断选D项。答案B考点：：细节理解题。解析：根据第二段“Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.”可判断选B项。答案A考点：：细节理解题。解析：根据第三段"hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes（糖尿病）.”可判断选A项。答案A考点：：细节理解题。解析：根据第四段"Inachildlikeact,sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts（甜甜圈）.Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowupagain—andtakecontrolofherdiabetes,notletitcontrolher.”可判断选A项。答案C考点：：推理判断题。解析：根据最后一段中的MaryMoore所说的话"IvecometorealizetheimportaneeofthatasIvegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe."可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C项。CPeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly（均匀

的）acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes."WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect（忽略）themouth."AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners."Theculturaldiffereneeineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldiffereneeinfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless."Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesternerspayequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthconsiderfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableobservetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwayshavemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressionsWhatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?Tomakeafaceateachother.Togettheirfacesimpressive.

Tomakeafaceateachother.Togettheirfacesimpressive.Toclassifysomefacepictures.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.Toclassifysomefacepictures.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph6referto?Theparticipantsinthestudy.Theresearchersofthestudy.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.IncomparisonwithWesterners.EasternersarelikelytodotranslationmoresuccessfullystudythemouthmorefrequentlyexaminetheeyesmoreattentivelyreadfacialexpressionsmorecorrectlyWhatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoulCulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsEffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkillsHowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。答案：A考点：：细节理解题解析：根据第三段“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect（忽略）themouth.”可以得出答案答案：C考点：：细节理解题解析：根据第五段"…bwecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral."可以判断选C答案：A考点：：词义猜测解析：根据定语从句“thattheyshow”所修饰的eyemovements在研究中为theparticipants所作(从theeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeople”可知)可判断选A答案：C考点：：细节理解题解析：根据第六段“ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners.”可判断选C答案：B考点：：主旨大意题解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为BPart1VWriting(45marks)SectionA(2016marks)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationfromthepassage.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Anapprenticeshipisaformofon-the-jobtrainingthatcombinesworkplaceexperienceandclassroomlearning.Itcanlastanywherefromonetosixyears,butfouryearsistypicalformost.Anapprenticespendsthemajorityofthetimeinaworkplaceenvironmentlearningthepracticalskillsofacareerfromajourneyman--someonewhohasdonethejobformanyyears.Therestoftheapprentice'stimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires.Beinganapprenticeisafull-timeundertaking.Oneoftheadvantagesofapprenticeshipisthatitdoesnotcostapprenticesanything.Thecompaniesthathirethempayforschool.What'smore,itoffersapprenticesan"earnwhileyoulearn"opportunity.Theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman,andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies.Neartheendoftheapprenticeship,theirwagesare

usually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive.Apprenticeshipalsopaysoffforemployers.Itcanofferemployersapoolofwell-trainedworkerstodrawfrom.Despitetheadvantages,apprenticesareusuallyrequiredtoworkduringthedayandattendclassesatnight,whichleaveslittletimeforanythingelse.Sometimes,theymightbelaidoff（下岗）ifbusinessfortheemployersisslow.Oncetheyhavecompletedtheapprenticeshipandbecomejourneymen,theyreceiveanationallyrecognizedandportablecertificationandtheirpayalsoincreasesagain.Somejourneymencontinueemploymentwiththecompaniestheyapprenticedwith;othersgoontodifferentcompaniesorbecomeself-employedcontractors.Definitionon-the^obtrainingcombinitigworkplaceexperienceand72•_73ofthetimeinaworkplace:leadingthepracticaiskills*therestofthetsme\naclassroom:learningthe74skillsDefinitionAdvantagesCostingapprenticesnothingofferingapprenticesmoney-makingopportunitieshalfthepayofajourneymangradimllyincreasingpayintheprocess9€%of疋neartheend^offeringemployers77JDisadvantageslittlebmeforanythingelseAdvantagesCostingapprenticesnothingofferingapprenticesmoney-makingopportunitieshalfthepayofajourneymangradimllyincreasingpayintheprocess9€%of疋neartheend^offeringemployers77JDisadvantageslittlebmeforanythingelsethepossibilityof78I—aformalcert汨cation79Lfreechoice弓of阿令72.classroomlearning72.classroomlearning74.theoretical76.ajouneyman'wages78.beinglaidoff80.anotherpayincreaseApprenticeship73.themajority75.atthebeginning77.manywell-trainedworkers.79.Results答案Apprenticeship解析：全文是围绕"Apprenticeship”而展开描写的，故填Apprenticeship。答案classroomlearning[解析：根据第一段第一句"Anapprenticeshipisaformofonthejobtrainingthatcombinesworkplaceexperieneeandclassroomlearning.”可判断。答案themajority解析：根据第一段"Anapprenticespendsthemajorityofthetimeinaworkplaceenvironmentlearningthepracticalskillsofacareerfromajourneyman”可判断。答案theoretical解析：根据第一段“Therestoftheapprenticestimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires.”可判断。答案atthebeginning解析：根据第二段"Theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman,andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies.”可判断。答案ajourneyman'wages解析：根据第二段"Neartheendoftheapprenticeship,theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive.”可判断作答答案：manywelltrainedworkers解析：根据第二段“Itcanofferemployersapoolofwell-trainedworkerstodrawfrom."可判断答案：beinglaidoff解析：根据第三段“Somemes,theymightbelaidoff(下岗)ifbusinessfortheemployersisslow.”可判断答案：Results解析：综合右栏内容可判断答案：anotherpayincrease解析：根据最后一段“Oncetheyhavecompletedtheapprenticeshipandbecomejourneymen,theyreceiveanationallyrecognizedandportablecertificationandtheirpayalsoincreasesagain."可判断SectionB(2016marks)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,Answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.SecretSantasOnChristmasmorning,Lindawakesup,andtriestoimaginethewide-eyedsurpriseof

childreninanotherhouseholdastheyunwrapthepresentsshecarefullychoseforthem.Lindahasnevermetthechildren,butthat'sailpartofthejoyofgivingassecretSantas,shesays."It'sanamazingfeelingtobuygiftsonananonymous(匿名的)basis,"saysLinda."Itbringsawholenewmeaningtotheholidays."LindaandTonyareanAmericancouplelivinginToronto,Canada,andLindadidcharitableworkasamemberoftheAmericanWomen'sClubofToronto.Asthenamesuggests,membersareU.S.citizenslivinginToronto,whojointogetherforfellowshipandcommunityservice.Tofindher"adopted"family,Lindagoestothelocalschoolsandrequestsawishlistforafamilythat'sstrugglingtosurvive.Lastyearshehelpedasinglemotherwiththreechildren.Themotherworksasacleaningladyinanursinghome."Thelistisalwaysheartbreaking.Theyhaveanopportunitytoaskforanythinganddojusttheopposite,askingforbasicclothesorsimpletoys,"shesays."Wealwaysbuythekidsanewwintercoat,hats,andgloves."Shealsobuysgiftsfortheparents.LastyearLindaaskedthemotherforasecondwishlist--onethatdidn'tincludethebasics."EverychildshouldhaveaChristmasthatstickswiththemforalifetime."ShepurchasediPodsforthetwoolderchildrenandavideogamesystemfortheyoungest."Ihavelearnedaveryvaluablelessoninallofthis,"saysLinda."Payattentiontowhat'sgoingoninyourownbackyard--nomatterwhereyoulive."ThejoyofgivingassecretSantasismuchsweeterwhenthegiftisanonymous.WhatreactiondoesLindaimaginethechildrenwillhave?(Nomorethan5words)(2marks)Theywillfeelgreatlysurprised.WhydidLindajointheAmericanWomen'sClubofToronto?(Nomorethan2016words)(2marks)Shejoineditforfellowshipandcommunityservice.WhydidLindaaskforasecondwishlist?(Nomorethan15words)(3marks)Shewantedtogivethechildrensomeothergiftsratherthanthebasics.(3marks)Whatkindofpeopledoes"secretSantas"inthepassagereferto?(3marks)(Nomorethan12words)ItreferstopeoplewhogiveawayanonymousgiftsonChristmas.答案：Theywillfeelgreatlysurprised解析：根据第一段"Lindawakesup,andtriestoimaginethewide-eyedsurpriseofchildreninanotherhouseholdastheyunwrapthepresentsshecarefullychoseforthem."可判断作答答案：Shejoineditforfellowshipandcommunityservice解析：根据第三段"LindadidcharitableworkasamemberoftheAmericanWomen'sClubofToronto.Asthenamesuggests,membersareU.S.citizenslivinginToronto,whojointogetherforfellowshipandcommunityservice."可判断作答答案：Shewantedtogivethechildrensomeothergiftsratherthanthebasics解析：根据最后一段"LastyearLindaaskedthemotherforasecondwishlist--onethatdidn'tincludethebasics."禾口“Sh^urchasediPodsforthetwoolderchildrenandavideogamesystemfortheyoungest."可判断作答答案：itreferstopeoplewhogiveawayanonymousgiftsonChristmas解析：综合第一段和最后一段可推断作答。(2016上海)(A)Theelephantwaslyingheavilyonitsside,fastasleep.Afewdogsstartedbarkingatit.Theelephantwokeupinaterribleanger:itchasedthedogsintothevillagewheretheyranforsafety.Thatdidn'tstoptheelephant.Itdestroyedadozenhousesandinjuredseveralpeople.Thevillagerswerescaredandangry.ThensomeonesuggestedcallingParbati,theelephantprincess.ParbatiBarua'sfatherwasahunteroftigersandanelephanttamer.HetaughtParbatitorideanelephantbeforeshecouldevenwalk.Healsotaughtherthedangerousartoftheelephantround-up--howtocatchwildelephants.Parbatihasn'talwayslivedinthejungle.Afterahappychildhoodhuntingwithherfather,shewassenttoboardingschoolinthecity.ButParbatinevergotusedtobeingthereandmanyyearslatershewentbacktoheroldfife."Lifeinthecityistoodull.Catchingelephantsisanadventureandtheexcitementlastsfordaysafterthechase,"shesays.ButParbatidoesn'tcatchelephantsjustforfun."Mywork,"shesays,"istorescuemanfromtheelephants,andtokeeptheelephantssafefromman."AndthisisexactlywhatParbatihasbeendoingformanyyears.Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland.Itisnowfightingback.Wheneverwildelephantsenterateagardenoravillage,Parbatiiscalledtoguidetheanimalsbacktothejunglebeforetheycankill.Theworkofanelephanttameralsoinvolvesloveanddevotion.Agoodelephanttamerwillspendhoursadaysinginglovesongstoanewlycapturedelephant."Eventuallytheygrowtolovetheirtamersandneverforgetthem.Theyarealsomoreloyalthanhumans,"shesaid,assheclimbeduponeofherelephantsandsatonthegiant,happyanimal.Anelephantprincessindeed!ForParbati,catchingelephantsismainlyto.getlonglastingexcitementB.keepbothmanandelephantssafeC.sendthembacktothejungleD.maketheangryelephantstameBeforeParbatistudiedinaboardingschool,.shespenthertimehuntingwithherfathershelearnedhowtosinglovesongsshehadalreadybeencalledanelephantprincessshewastaughthowtohunttigersIndianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause.theyarecaughtandsentforheavyworkillegalhunterscapturethemandkillthemtheyareattackedandtheirlandgetslimitedD.dogsoftenbarkatthemandchasethemThepassagestartswithanelephantstoryinordertoexplainthatinIndia.peopleeasilyfallvictimtoelephants'attackstheman-elephantrelationshipisgettingworseelephanttamersareinshortsupplydogsareaspowerfulaselephantsB.本题为归纳概括题。通读全文可知Parbati主要是为了保障大象与人之间的安全而驯象的。A.通读文章后可知她从小与父亲一起在丛林中度过了她的童年，之后才去寄宿学校的。C.可从文章第四段直接得出答案。B.逻辑推理题。(B)Thefollowingcardineludesabriefsummaryandashortassessmentofaresearchpaper.ItcanTrevor,C.0.,Lansford,B.andBlack,J.W.,2004,"Employeeturnover(人事变更)andjobperformanee:monitoringtheinfluencesofsalarygrowthandpromotion",JournalofArmchairPsychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.InthisarticleTrevoretal.reviewtheinfluencesofpayandjobopportunitiesinrespectofjobperformanee,turnoverratesandemployees'jobattitude.Theauthorsusedatagainedthroughorganizationalsurveysofblue-chipcompaniesinVancouver,Canadatotrytoidentifythemaincauseofemployeeturnoverandwhetheritislinkedtosalarygrowth.Theirresearchfocusesonassessingarangeofpaystructuressuchaspayforperformanceandorganizationalrewardplans.ThearticleisusefulasTrevoretal.suggestthattherearenumerousreasonsforemployeeturnoverandavarietyofdifferencesinemployees'jobattitudeandperformance.Themainlimitationofthearticleisthatthesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement,thustheauthorsindicatethatfurther,moreextensiveresearchneedstobeundertakentodevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofemployeeturnoverandjobperformance.Asthisarticlewaspublishedinaprofessionaljournal,thefindingscanbeconsideredreliable.Ivideaguideforfurtherreadingonthetopic.TheresearchpaperpublishedisprimarilyconcernedwiththewayofpreventingemployeeturnovermethodsofimprovingemployeeperformancefactorsaffectingemployeeturnoverandperformancepaystructuresbasedonemployeeperformanceAsismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat.thedataanalysisishardlyreliabletheresearchsampleisnotwideenoughthefindingsareofnopracticalvaluetheresearchmethodisout-of-dateWhomightbemostinterestedinthispieceofinformation?Jobhunters.Employeesinblue-chipcompanies.Mid-levelmanagers.Researchersonemployeeturnover.C.逻辑推理题。通读全文可知这篇文章介绍的是影响人事变更和工作表现的一些因素。B.从文中“thesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement（此次调查只局限于中层管理人员）”可知答案为B。D.（C）The2012LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2012,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon."TheSun'sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,"saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire.Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections（日冕物质抛射）occurintheSun'satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter."Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometresperhour.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,"ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory（SDO）,whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare2016timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares（太阳耀斑）andexplosionsastheyoccur.ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'sdirector,saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth"Ifwehaveadvaneewarning,we'llbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon'twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'scausedtheproblem,"hesaid.Thephrase"communicationsblackout"inparagraph1mostprobablyreferstoduringthe2012Olympics.theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchthecollapseofbroadcastingsystemsthetransportationbreakdowninLondonthedestructionofweathersatellitesWhatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage?ThemostfatalmatterfromthecoronafallsontoEarth.Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle.IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth.Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections.Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatellitetotakeimagesofthesolarsystemB.provideearlywarningofthunderstormsC.keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD.improvethecommunicationsonEarthWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?SolarStorms:AnInvisibleKillerSolarStorms:EarthEnvironmentinDangerSolarStorms:ThreateningtheHumanRaceSolarStorms:HumanActivitiestoBeTroubledB.此题线索为第二三段的内容。D.C.可从文章第六段直接得出答案。D.通读全文可知整篇文章讨论的是太阳运动所可能会带来的困扰。SectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.79.79.DrugoveruseanditsconsequeneeTheproblemofdrugoveruseinAmericaBenefitsofmedicineanditswiseuseDFemaledrugoverusewithreferencetothatofmalesEMisuseofmedicineamongtheyounggenerationF.Improperuseofmedicineamongseniorcitizens76.Nlionsofpeoplemisuseandevenoverusepainmedicationsandotherdrugs.ResearchbytheAmericanNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse(NIDA,1999)showsthataround2%ofthepopulationoverage12wereusingdrugsnon-medically.77.NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld.Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives.Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive,contributingcitizens.NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible.78.Nevertheless,overuseofdrugssuchasopioids,centralnervoussystem(CNS)depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern.Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide,particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults,teenagersaridwomen.Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany,themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly.DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity.NorthCarolinastatesthatalthoughtheelderlyrepresentabout13%oftheUSpopulation,thoseaged65andoveraccountfortheconsumptionofonethirdofalldrugs.Peopleinthisagegroupusemedicationsroughlythreetimesmorethanthegeneralpopulationandhavepoorercompliancewithinstructionforuse.Inanotherstudyofelderlypatientsadmittedtotreatmentprograms,70%werewomenwhohadoverusedmedicines.80.Unfortunately,thistrendamongwomendoesnotonlyaffectthoseagedoverIngeneral,amongwomenandmenwhoareusingeitherananti-anxietydrugorasedative,womenaretwiceaslikelytobecomeaddicted.Inaddition,statisticscompiledfor12-17yearoldsshowthatteenagegirlsaremorelikelythanteenageboystobeginoverusingpsychotherapeuticmedicationsuchaspainkillers,tranquillizers,stimulantsandsedatives.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zEC.AFDSectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Physed(physicaleducation)ismakingacomebackasapartoftheschoolcorecurriculum(核心课程),butwithadifference.Whilegroupsportsarestillpartofthecurriculum,thenewwayistoteachskillsthatareusefulbeyondgymclass.Insteadoflearninghowtoclimbarope,childrenaretaughttoliftweights,balancetheirdietsandbuildphysicalendurance.Inthisway,kidsaregiventhetoolsandskillsandexperiencessotheycanleadaphysicallyactivelifetherestoftheirlife.Consideringthat15percentofAmericanchildren6to18areoverweight,supporterssaymoremoneyandthoughtmustbeputintophysedcurriculum.Inmanycases,thatmaymeannotjustreplacingtheoldgym-classmodelwithfitnessprogramsbutalsostartingupphysedprogramsbecauseschoolboardsoften"putP.E.onthechoppingblock,cuttingitentirelyordecreasingits

teachersorthedaysitisoffered,"saysAliciaMoag-Stahlberg,theexecutivedirectorofActionforHealthKids.Thediffereneeinphysedprogramsispartlyduetothelackofanationalstandard."Physicaleducationneedstobepartofthecorecurriculum,"sheadded.Thewisdomofthenewapproachhassomescientificsupport.ResearchersattheUniversityofWisconsinhavedemonstratedhoweffectivethefit-for-lifemodelofgymclasscanbe.Theyobservedhow50overweightchildrenlostmoreweightwhentheycycledandskiedcross-countrythanwhentheyplayedsports.Theresearchersalsofoundthatteachingsportslikefootballresultedinlessoverallmovement,partlybecausereluctantstudentswereabletositonthebench.Anotherproblemwithsimplyteachinggroupsportsingymclassisthatonlyatinypercentageofstudentscontinueplayingthemaftergraduatingfromhighschool.Thenewmethodteachessellsthattranslatetoadulthood.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)InthenewP.E.program,childrenlearntoliftweights,balaneetheirdietsandbuildphysicalenduraneeratherthan.AsforP.E.,someschoolboardseither.Whatarethetwoproblemswithsimplyteachinggroupsports?WhatistheIong-termb