2023版高三一轮总复习英语北师大版（皖）第1部分选择性必修第1册UNIT 3CONSERVATION

19/19课标单词背诵(先填后背)第一组1．plasticadj.塑料制的2．itemn．一项，一条3．informativeadj.有教育意义的；知识性强的4．threatn．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能5．switchvi.&vt.转换，改变6．illegallyadv.非法地，违法地7．extinctadj.灭绝的，绝种的8．incrediblyadv.非常地，极端地9．urgentadj.紧急的，急迫的10．speciesn．物种，种11．unusualadj.异常的；不平常的12．massadj.大量的13．variedadj.各种各样的，形形色色的14．decreasevi.&vt.减少n．减少；减少的量15．blamevt.责怪，指责16．affectvt.影响17．solaradj.太阳光(能)的18．hatchvi.&vt19．packagingn．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料20．wastefuladj.浪费的；挥霍的21．transportationn．交通运输系统，运输方式22．dirtn．灰尘，尘土23．realisticadj.现实的，实际的24．innovativeadj.新颖的，创新的，革新的25．refillableadj.可再填充的26．awareadj.意识到的，明白的27．reusableadj.可再使用的，可重复使用的28．chopsticksn．筷子29．counciln．委员会；理事会30．stuckadj.卡住的，无法移动的31．jamn．拥挤，堵塞；果酱第二组1．angern．愤怒；怒气2．gasn．气，气体3．cancern．癌症4．relatevi.相联系，有关联5．regularadj.定期的，有规律的6．suitvt.适合；n.套装7．essayn．论说文；散文8．organicadj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的9．involvevt.包含，需要10．instituten．机构；研究院11．billionn．十亿12．opponentn．反对者；对手，敌手13．crueladj.残忍的14．instancen．例子，实例15．claimvt.声称；断言；主张n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求16．chemicaln．化学品；adj.化学的17．drugn．药物，药材；毒品18．sumvt.概括，总结n．金额，款项；总数19．committeen．委员会20．templen．庙宇，寺院21．Confucius孔子22．memorialn．纪念馆；纪念碑adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的23．carvevt.雕，刻24．valleyn．谷，山谷25．scenicadj.景色优美的26．historicadj.古老的；历史上重要的27．thunderstormn．雷暴28．typhoonn．台风29．agriculturaladj.农业的30．Atlanticadj.大西洋的[单词拼写·运用]核心单词语境运用1．destroyvt.破坏；毁掉2．huntvi.&vt.猎取，猎杀3．restorevt4．wrapvt.包，裹5．decaden．十年，十年期用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Thebridgewasdestroyed(destroy)sowecouldn'tgetacrosstheriver.2．Ihavehunted(hunt)formypeneverywherebutIcan'tfindit.3．Thesemeasureshaveplayedavitalroleinrestoring(restore)theeconomy.4．Hewrapped(wrap)thepackageinbrownpaperandtieditwithstring.5．Thisspecieswillbeextinctinafewdecades(decade).派生单词语境运用1．conservev．保存；保护；储藏→conservationn．保护→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的2．recyclevi.&vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclableadj.可回收的→unrecyclableadj.不可回收的3．dangern．危险→dangerousadj.危险的→endangervt.危及→endangeredadj.濒危的4.consumevt.消费；消耗；吃完→consumern．消费者→consumptionn．消费；消耗5．collectvt.收集，采集→collectionn．收集；收藏品；专辑6．anxietyn．忧虑，担心→anxiousadj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiouslyadv.焦急地；焦虑地7．annoyvt.打搅；使烦恼→annoyedadj.烦恼的，生气的→annoyingadj.使烦恼的→annoyancen．烦恼用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Recyclablematerialsmustberecycledinordertoprotectourenvironment.(recycle)2．Thefoodonofferisunfitforhumanconsumption,soitsconsumersshouldbeanimals.(consume)3．Uptonow,hehascollectedalargecollectionofstampsaboutanimals.(collect)4.Toherannoyance,theannoyingnewsthatshefailedtheexammadeherparentsveryannoyed.(annoy)5．Hewasinterestedinwildlifeconservationandheproposedthelocalgovernmentshouldintroducesometoughnewlawstoconservewildlifeinthearea.(conserve)6.Lookout!Therearesomedangerousanimalsinthearea,includingSouthChinaTiger,whichisanendangeredspecies.(danger)7.Herhusbandsatoutsidethelaboratory,anxiouslyawaitingtheresultofthemedicaltestsandhisanxietyledhertofeelmoreupset.(anxious)1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight. CA．改变 B．(铁路的)道岔 C．转换器2．(2020·江苏卷)...Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse，acollectionofscientists，usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf­mad,whomadethediscoveries. BA．收藏品 B．一群人 C．募集[短语理解·运用]高频短语语境运用1．doone'spart尽自己的职责2．dieout消失；绝迹，灭绝3．wipeout彻底毁灭4．betoblame把……归咎于5．beatrisk处境危险，受到威胁6．setout开始做某事，着手进行7．trafficjam交通堵塞8.stressedout焦虑的选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1．Studentsoughttodotheirparttomakesteadyprogress.2．Thegovernmenthassetouttomakemanyneededreformsinthepastdecade.3．Aloneinhisroom，heaskedhimselfwhetherhewastoblamefortheaccident.4．Therearenewusesofwordscominginandoldusesdyingout．5．123，000peoplewereatriskofearlydeathoverthenext20years，thestudysaid.[句式辨识·运用]教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1．overthelast＋时间Overthelastdecade，anaverageof2，500peoplehavediedeveryyearinvehicleaccidents.在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。Overthelastfewyearstourismherehasdevelopedconsiderably.2．with复合结构Stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo，withmorehurricaneshittingtheUSandCentralAmerica.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。Withpricesgoingupsofast,wecan'taffordluxuries.1．switch[课本义]vi.&vt.转换，改变[增补义]vt.交换；调换；对调n．改变；转变；开关；闸[高考原句·2020·天津卷]Hepullsoutaspecialdevice，pointsitatthesuspect，andswitchesiton.switchoff切断(电源、气体等)switchon打开(开关)；接通(电源等)switch(from...)to...(从……)转变成，(从……)转换到switchsth.withsb.和某人交换某物TheremotecontrolallowsyoutoswitcheasilybetweenTVchannels.遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。WhichswitchdoIpresstoturnitoff?我按哪个开关能把它关上？switchherattentiontofilms她把目光投向电影业encouragecompaniestoswitchfromcoaltocleanerfuels鼓励企业转向使用比煤更清洁的能源[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Weaskedthemiftheywouldswitchplaceswithus.②Sheswitchedonthelampbecauseitwasdark.③SwitchontheTVbeforeyougoout. on→off[链接写作]——完成句子我可以关掉收音机吗？DoyoumindifIswitchtheradiooff?2．urgent[课本义]adj.紧急的，急迫的[增补义]adj.催促的，急切的[高考原句·2019·全国卷Ⅱ]It'surgent.Sowouldthisafternoonbeokay?(1)urgev．催促；力劝；强烈要求urgesb.todosth.敦促某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)do...敦促某人做某事urgesth.onsb.向某人提出/力陈某事(2)urgencyn．紧急的事Heaskedtoseethemanagerforsomethingurgent.他有急事求见经理。anurgentappealforinformation紧急呼吁提供信息anurgentphonecall一个紧急电话[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Ineednotpressonyoutheurgency(urgent)ofthematter.②Hedenouncespeoplewhourgehimtochange(change)hisways.③Thereporturgedthatallchildrenshouldbetaughttoswimming. swimming→swim[链接写作]——完成句子迫切需要合格教师。Thereisanurgentneedforqualifiedteachers.3．decreasevi.&vt.减少n．减少；减少的量[高考原句·2020·北京卷]Negativeself­talkdamagesself­confidenceanddecreasesself­respect.(1)onthedecrease在减少中adecreasein...在……方面减少(2)decreaseto...减少到……decreaseby...减少了……decreasefrom...to...从……减少到……Iftheirhabitatisthreatenedortheycannotfindenoughfood，theirnumbersmaydecrease.如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或者它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。Thenewtreatmentledtoahugedecreaseinthenumberofdeaths.新的疗法使死亡率急剧减少。decreasefrom210to160从210减少到160decreaseinnumberseveryyear数量在逐年减少[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thereisadecreaseofnearly7%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.②Thenumberofindependentfirmsdecreasedfrom198to96.③Becauseofhumanactivity，thenumberofsomerareanimalsisinthedecrease. in→on[链接写作]——完成句子小麦价格已经降低了15%。Thepriceofwheathasdecreasedby15%．4．blame[课本义]vt.责怪，指责[增补义]n．责任；责备；指责[高考原句·2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.(1)betoblame把……归咎于betoblameforsth.对某事负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人get/accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.对某事承担责任Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来水是罪魁祸首。Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。blametheaccidentondangerousdriving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶blameoneselfforwhathappened为发生的事责怪自己[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Youshouldn'tblameJohnforthefailure.＝Youshouldn'tblamethefailureonJohn.②Youarenottoblame(blame).Ican'tputtheblameonyou.③Ifthathappens，thecoachwilltakeblameforit. take后加the[链接写作]——完成句子哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?5．affect[课本义]vt.影响[增补义]vt.侵袭；感染；深深打动；使悲伤；假装[高考原句·2020·江苏卷]Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.(1)affectsb./sth.影响某人/某物(2)effectn．结果；效力；影响；效果；作用put/oeffect使生效，实行ineffect事实上；实际上takeeffect生效；奏效comeintoeffect开始实施；开始生效haveaneffecton影响……Ihadtomakeanimportantdecisionthatwouldaffectmefortherestofmylife.我不得不作出将影响我后半生的重大决定。Thediseaseaffectsoneinfivewomen.每五个妇女就有一个人患有这种病。affectyourstateofmind影响你的心情bedeeplyaffectedbythesadstory深深被那个悲伤的故事感动了[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Ineffect，wefeelsuperiortothem.②Thenewlawissaidtohavecomeintoeffectnextmonth.去掉have[链接写作]——一句多译重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。①Greatscientificachievementswillgreatlyaffectourlifeaswellassociety.(affect)②Greatscientificachievementswillhaveagreateffectonourlifeaswellassociety.(effect)6．anger[课本义]n．愤怒；怒气[增补义]vt.使发怒；激怒[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Already，anumberoffilms，including“WaterforElephants，”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper，”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.(1)in/withanger生气，气冲冲地(2)angryadj.生气的beangrywithsb.对某人生气beangryatsth.因某事生气Shemadeavisibleefforttocontrolheranger.看得出她竭力控制自己不发火。criedwithangerandfrustration愤怒而又沮丧得哭了起来showanger显示愤怒；显出怒容[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Itisuselesstodebatethisquestioninanger.②MymotherwasveryangrywithmewhenIwenthome.③MymotherissoangryatthatIsaidthatshecriticisedme.第一个that→what[链接写作]——一句多译他转过身，生气地走开了。①Heturned,goingawaywith/inanger.②Heturned,goingawayangrily．7．relate[课本义]vi.相联系，有关联[增补义]vt.使有联系；把……联系起来；叙述；讲述[高考原句·2021·全国甲卷]WordcamethatourschoolisgoingtoholdaclassmeetingwhosetopicisrelatedtoChinesetraditionalcustoms.berelatedto与……有关联relate...to...把……和……联系起来relateto涉及，关系到；理解；了解relatesth.tosb.向某人讲述某事Itisdifficulttorelatethetwocases.要把那两件事联系起来是很困难的。berelatedtoproductivity和业绩挂钩relateherchildhoodexperiencestome向我讲述了她童年的经历[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Wemustrelatetheseprinciplestooureverydaywork.②It'sunfortunatewhenafatherandsoncan'trelatetoeachother.③Iamnotrelatedwithhiminanyway. with→to[链接写作]——完成句子糟糕的学习成绩与情绪失常有关。Pooreducationalperformanceisrelatedtoemotionaldisturbance.8．suitvt.适合n．套装[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Instead，oneactivist，dressedinafull­bodymonkeysuit，hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)！”(1)suitsb.(fine/well)合某人的意；对某人很合适suitsth.tosb./sth.使某物适合某人/某物(2)suitableadj.合适的；适宜的besuitableforsth./sb.适于某物/人besuitabletodosth.适合做某事Thesestylescanbeadaptedtosuitindividualtastes.这些样式可以加以更改，以适合个人的喜好。Itistheconventionformentowearsuitsonformaloccasions.男士在正式场合穿西装是一种社会习俗。suityourrequirements根据你的要求werenotsuitedtooneanother彼此不配[名师点津]fit、suit和match的区别：suit指“颜色、款式、口味”是否合适，fit指“尺寸、大小”是否合适，match指的是衣服搭配得是否好，像衣服与鞋的搭配，上衣与裤子的搭配等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thiskindofshoesissuitabletotravel(travel).②ThefilmBigFish&Begoniaissuitable(suit)forpeopleofallages.③Hecansuithisconversationforwhoeverhe'swith. for→to[链接写作]——一句多译这一食谱适合每一个希望迅速减肥的人。①Thisdietissuitedtoanyonewhowantstoloseweightfast.②Thisdietissuitableforanyonewhowantstoloseweightfast.③Thisdietsuitsanyonewhowantstoloseweightfast.9．claim[课本义]vt.声称；断言；主张n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求[增补义]vt.认领；索赔n．索赔；索款[高考原句·2020·北京卷]Lancomclaimsthatitisuniqueinitspersonalisedcourses.claimsth.要求获得某物；认领claimtodo/be...声称要做/是……claimthat...声称，断言claimtohavedone...声称做了……makeaclaimfor要求……；提出，主张Heclaimshewasnotgivenafairhearing.他声称他未得到公正的申诉机会。Theyclaimedtherewardforworkingforhim.他们要求为他工作的报酬。claimamajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破claimdamagesfromthecompanyfortheinjury因受伤向公司要求获得赔偿金[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thesettlersclaimedthelandtobe(be)theirs.②Ashippingcompanyhasmadeaclaimatthecostofsalvagingasunkenship. at→for[链接写作]——完成句子他声称他亲眼看见了那个奇怪的动物。Heclaimedtohaveseenthestrangeanimalwithhisowneyes.10．dieout消失；绝迹，灭绝[高考原句·2020·北京卷]TheNeanderthalslivedalongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears，beforedyingoutabout40，000yearsago.dieaway逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失diedown逐渐降低，逐渐平息dieoff相继死去dieof死于(内因)diefrom死于(外因)However，manyoftheselivingthingsaredyingout.然而，许多这类生物正在逐渐灭亡。manyspecieswillsoondieoutifwedon'ttakeaction如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Astheregionisbecominghotter，thiskindofgrassisdyingoff．②Theirchatterandlaughterdieawayasthegrouprushedoutoftheclassroom.③Whenalltheguestshadleft，thewholehousedieddown．④Weneedtotakeactionbeforealltheendangeredanimalsdiedout. died→die[链接写作]——完成句子结果，这些濒危的动物可能会灭绝。Asaresult,theseendangeredanimalsmaydieout.11．beatrisk处境危险，受到威胁[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独)，morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.(1)attheriskof...冒……的危险takerisks/arisk冒险putone'slifeatrisk冒生命危险(2)riskdoingsth.冒险做某事riskone'slifetodosth.冒着生命危险做某事Aswithalldiseases，certaingroupswillbemoreatriskthanothers.所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。beatriskofinfection冒着被感染的风险beatriskfromflooding遭到洪水侵袭的危险[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'trisklosing(lose)thegoodjob.＝Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'ttake/runtheriskoflosingthegoodjob.②Ididn'twanttotake/runtheriskofleaving(leave)Johnalone.③Hejumpedintotheriverfortheriskoflosinghislife. for→at[链接写作]——完成句子当同事身处危险时他表现英勇，不顾个人安危。Hehadshownhimselfcarelessofpersonalsafetywherethelifeofhiscolleaguesmightbeatrisk.12．setout[课本义]开始做某事，着手进行[增补义]动身；启程[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetouttofindthewell­knownpainter.setaboutsth./doingsth.着手某事/做某事setaside把……放置一旁，不理会；留出setback妨碍；阻碍setdown把……放下来；写下；记下setin(气候，季节等)开始setoff动身，出发；发射；使爆炸setup创立Wesetouttofindthetruthbehindthemystery.我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。Whentheysetouttheywerewellprepared.他们出发时有很充分的准备。setouttosearchforhispetcat出门去找他的宠物猫setoutforShanghai动身去上海[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thegirlattendanthassetaboutcleaning(clean)theroom.②Becarefulthatyoudon'tsetthefireworksoffbymistake.③Iwarnedthemnottodoit，butmyobjectionsweresetaside．④Hewasaskedtosetasidethefactsjustasherememberedthem. aside→down[链接写作]——完成句子尼克今天早上动身去探望他的父母。Nicksetouttovisithisparentsthismorning.13．[教材原句]Stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo，withmorehurricaneshittingtheUSandCentralAmerica．暴风雨愈发肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。with的复合结构，形式为with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，这一结构在句中可作状语也可作定语。在这一结构中，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词短语、不定式等。[金句推送](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.关注大脑和心脏的情商，也许能为我们指明正确的方向。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Iwon'tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeing(be)ill.②Shewasthinkingforawhilewithhereyesfixingonthepicture. fixing→fixed[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)Ashehadalotofworktodo,hewasn'tallowedtogoout.(高级表达)Withalotofworktodo,hewasn'tallowedtogoout.(用with的复合结构)夯基固本——基础落实Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Attheriskofbeingscolded(scold)，hedrovehisfather'scartoschool.2．Manyofouroldcustomsaredying(die)outdaybyday.3．Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangered(endanger)speciesfromextinction.4．Infact,hewasreallytoblame(blame)forhiscarelessdriving.5．Theywereaffected(affect)deeplybythenewsofherdeath.Ⅱ．改正句中的错误。1．Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocking.locking→locked2．Hemadealotofprogressoverthepastfewyears. made前加has3．Ifeelhopefulthatwe'llfindasuitedhouseverysoon. suited→suitable4．Muchofthecrimeinthisareaarerelatedtodrugabuse. are→is5．Hewasfilledwithangerinthewayhehadbeentreated. in→atⅢ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Itwassurprisingthatshehadpassedthedifficultexam.2．Oilspillsarehavingadevastatingeffectoncoralreefsintheocean.3．Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhasdecreasedto700persons.4．Weneedtoswitchoffthecellphoneandleavethechildrentoplaybythemselves.5．ItoccurredtomethatIhadleftmyticketathome.查缺补漏——知识拾遗Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Tom'slifewasvaried(vary)andpleasantenough，onthewhole.2．Beingannoyed(annoy)withotherseasilywillbeharmfultoyourhealth，sokeepagood­temperedcharacterallthetimeplease.3．Wewaitedwithanxiety(anxious)forthenewsofhersafearrival.4．Weshouldraiseawareness(aware)ofprotectingourenvironment.5．Hespenttheeveningwrapping(wrap)uptheNewYearpresents.Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Thecountryneedsnewleadershipifsheistoplayaroleinfuturedevelopment.2．Thediseaseoncecouldwipeoutavillage.3．Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbewellawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.4．Amotherwhoiscrueltoherchildisunnatural.5．Therearejobsmoredangerousthantruckdriving,forinstance,traininglions.强技提能——语言运用Ⅰ．课文语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。InourEarth'shistory，therehavebeenfivetimes1．whenlifeonEarthhasalmostended.Thethirdmassextinction2．killed(kill)90%to96%ofallspeciesandthefiftheventcausedthe3．death(die)ofthedinosaurs.Thereasonsforextinctionsarevaried.Thenaturalreasonsincludevolcaniceruptions，asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace，changesinsealevels，thedecrease4.oftheoxygencontentoftheseaand5．global(globe)warming.Thistime，manwillbetoblame6.fortheEarth'ssixthmassextinction.Airandwaterpollution，forestsbeingdestroyed，factoryfarmingandoverfishingarecausingspeciestodieout1，000times7.faster(fast)thannormal.Weoughttotakeactiontoavoida8.sixth(si