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AW301真yuzheny@日程安排Argument(今天)Issue(明天)写作语言特训(后天)Day

1:

Argument冲刺真yuzheny@回顾之前的内容两种instruction，两种视角：考虑考虑作者假设回顾之前的内容两种instruction，两种视角：考虑作者假设考虑考虑作者假设Write

a

response

in

which

you

examine

the

stated

and/orunstatedassumptions

of

the

argument.

Be

sure

to

explain

how

theargument

depends

on

the

assumptions

and

what

the

implicationsareif

theassumptions

proveunwarranted.只关注作者在论证过不关心作者的结论是否正确，：做出了哪些假设；这些假设如何为结论和推理服务；当假设被驳倒时结论会有什么影响。考虑作者假设回顾之前的内容两种instruction，两种视角：考虑作者假设考虑考虑Write

a

response

in

which

you

discuss

what

specific

evidence

isneeded

to

evaluate

the

argument

and

explain

how

the

evidencewould

weaken

or

strengthen

the

argument.作者结论/完善之处。是否正确不知道，但是作者的逻辑存在不清楚还需要什么 来证明/证伪作者的结论/。支持的不支持的→增强→削弱考虑整理成能理解的故事……整理成能理解的故事……作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）整理成能理解的故事……作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）整理成能理解的故事……作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）结论？整理成能理解的故事……作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）针对结论：作者的结论并非唯一（其他解释）整理成能理解的故事……作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）针对结论：作者的结论并非唯一（其他解释）考虑其他解释Write

a

response

in

which

you

discuss

one

or

morealternativeexplanations

that

could

rival

theproposedexplanation

andexplain

how

your

explanation(s)

can

plausibly

account

forthefacts

presented

inthe

argument.考虑其他解释提出一种或多种能够与作者的理论相抗衡的解释，并说明你的理论如何解释题中出现的事实。解题思路1.

看事实解题思路看事实看作者解释解题思路看事实看作者解释脑补别的解释练习：找出能解释以下现象的其他理论我晚饭去餐馆吃了咖喱鱼，饭后拉肚子，所以咖喱是拉肚子的原因。练习：找出能解释以下现象的其他理论我晚饭去餐馆吃了咖喱鱼，饭后拉肚子，所以咖喱是拉肚子的原因。继续思考：1.

需要什么样的才能帮助判断原因？练习：找出能解释以下现象的其他理论我晚饭去餐馆吃了咖喱鱼，饭后拉肚子，所以咖喱是拉肚子的原因。继续思考：需要什么样的 才能帮助这里的assumption是什么？判断原因？练习：找出能解释以下现象的其他理论练习：找出能解释以下现象的其他理论火星镇过去10年肺癌发病数上升了50%，空气污染物浓度同

期也比10年前上升了50%，所以空气污染是肺癌的首要原因。归根到底的两点归根到底的两点先后顺序不等于因果关系归根到底的两点先后顺序不等于因果关系相关性不等于因果关系看"A

recentstudy

ofeighteen

rhesus

monkeys

provides

clues

as

totheeffects

of

birth

order

on

an

individual's

levels

of

stimulation.

The

studyshowed

that

in

stimulating

situations

(such

as

an

encounter

with

anunfamiliarmonkey), born

infantmonkeys

produce

uptotwice

asmuch

ofthehormone

cortisol,

which

primes

thebody

forincreasedactivity

levels,

as

dotheiryoungersiblings. born

humansalsoproduce

relatively

high

levels

of

cortisol

in

stimulating

situations

(suchas

the

returnof

aparentafter

anabsence).

The

study

also

found

thatduringpregnancy,

-timemothermonkeys

hadhigher

levels

ofcortisol

than

did

those

who

had

had

several

offspring."回到三种instruction背后的思维方式作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）针对结论：作者的解释并非唯一（其他解释）回到三种instruction背后的思维方式作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）针对结论：作者的解释并非唯一（其他解释）这些点都可以作为“问题”提出作者的逻辑存在问题（assumption有问题）针对

：现有 不足以支持结论（

）针对结论：作者的解释并非唯一（其他解释）怎么针对assumption提问？怎么针对evidence提问？怎么针对explanation提问？看The

council

of

Maple

County,

concerned

about

the

county's

ingoverdeveloped,

is

debating

a

proposed

measure

that

would

prevent

thedevelopment

of

existing

farmland

in

the

county.

But

the

council

is

alsoconcerned

that

such

a

restriction,

by

limiting

the

supply

of

new

housing,

couldlead

to

significant

increases

in

the

price

of

housing

in

the

county.

Proponents

of

the

measure

note

that

Chestnut

County

established

a

similar

measure

tenyears

ago,

and

its

housing

prices

have

increased

only

modestly

since.

However,opponents

of

the

measure

note

that

Pine

County

adopted

restrictions

on

thedevelopment

of

new

residential

housing

fifteen

years

ago,

and

its

housing

prices