全国自考现代语言学试题及解析

全国自考现代语言学试题及分析全国自考现代语言学试题及分析4/4全国自考现代语言学试题及分析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国2021年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)×1．Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing,whichisafeatureof〔〕A．allconsonantsB．vowelsonlyC．allconsonantsandsomevowelsD．allvowelsandsomeconsonants2．Thenegativeprefix“in-〞inEnglish,whenaddedtotheadjective“possible〞,isactuallypronounced/im/,andspeltasThisistheresultofthe______________ruleatwork.〔〕A．deletionB．assimilationC．phoneticD．sequential3．Theword“ecology〞is-morphemeatwoclusterthatcontains_______________.〔〕A．tworootsB．arootandasuffixC．arootandafreemorphemeD．aprefixandaroot4．Whenwemovetheadverbialphrase“everyday〞inthesentence“Everyday,westudyEnglish〞towearenow______________thephrasetotheright.〔〕A．rewritingB．preposingC．postposingD．maintaining5．Antonymsaredividedintoseveralkinds.WhichofthefollowingisNOTakindofantonyms?〔〕A．complementaryB．relationalC．superordinateD．gradable6．Intermsofpredicationanalysis,theutterance“Isitgoingtosnowthisafternoon?〔〞〕isa_______A．one-placepredicationB．two-placepredicationC．three-placepredicationD．no-placepredication7．InOldEnglish,wordorderwasfreerbecausethecaseendingswererich.SoinOldEnglish,wordordersincludedSVO,VSO,SOVandOSV.However,ModernEnglishhasamuchweakercasesystem,soitssentenceshavetofollowabasicwordorderof________________.〔〕A．SOVB．SVOC．VSOD．OSV1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯8．BlackEnglishisakindof_______________dialect.〔〕A．regionalB．standardC．ethnicD．situational9．Thecriticalperiodforlanguageacquisitionreferstotheshortperiodof_____________yearsoldinonewhichthehumanbrainismostreadytoacquireaparticularlanguage.〔〕A．1-2B．2-12C．1-12D．13-1810．Inasense,humanscanbesaidtobebiologicallyprogrammedtoacquireatleastonelanguage.Whatismeantbythis______________viewoflanguageacquisitionisthathumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse.〔〕A．behavioristB．nativistC．mentalistD．empiricist.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonthes________________investigationoflanguagedata.12.Thelimitedrangeofsoundswhicharemeaningfulinhumanlinguisticcommunicationandareofinteresttolinguisticstudiesarecalledthep________________mediumoflanguage.13.phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr________________properties.14.Af_________________clauseisaclausethattakesasubjectandamainverb,andatthesametimestandsstructurallyalone.15.Intermsoftruthcondition,ifXistrue,Yisfalse,andifXisfalse,Yistrue.TherelationshipbetweenXandYisi_________________16.InAustin’searlyspeechacttheory,c________________werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.17.Inthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage,soundchangeisinevitable,suchassoundloss,sounda________________andsoundmovement.18.Slangisoftenperceivedasaloworvulgarformoflanguageandisdeemedtobeundesirableinf_________________stylesoflanguage.19.D_________________listeningtestsinvolvesimultaneouslypresenting,throughearphones,twodifferentauditorysignals,onetotherightearandtheothertotheleftear.2⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯20.Atchildren’languagesdevelopment,one-wordutterancescanbeusedtoexpressaconceptorpredicationsimilartoasentenceinadultspeech.Forexample,achildmightusetheword“dada〞tomean“Dada,comehere〞,““Givememorecandy〞.Thoseutterancescanalsobehcalledsentences..Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%10=20%)×21.()Languagecanbestudiedbothsynchronicallyanddiachronically.Thetwoapproachesareequallyfavoredbymodernlinguists.22.()Stressisasuprasegmentalfeaturethatisexclusivelyusedwithwords,notwithsentences.23.()Acompoundcanbewrittenasonewordwithorwithoutahyphenbetweenitscomponents,orastwoseparatewords.Itissimplyamatterofconvention.24.()Majorlexicalcategoriesareclosedcategoriesbecausethenumberoflexicalitemsinthesecategoriesisfixedandnonewmembersareallowedfor.25.()Theimportantcriteriatodistinguishpolysemyfromhomonymyaretheetymologyofthewordsinquestionandtheclosenessoftherelationshipbetweenthemeaningsinquestion.26.()ThesignificanceofGrice’CooperativesPrincipleliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconveymorethanisliterallysaid.27.()Theinventionofsteam-poweredboatsgavetheverbsailanopportunitytoextenditsmeaningtoboatswithoutsails.Thisexampleindicatesthatthemeaningorsemanticrepresentationofwordsmaybecomebroader.28.()Anofficiallanguageisinfactanationallanguage.29.()Generallyspeaking,left-handedpeoplehavetheirlanguagecentersinthelefthemisphereofthebrain.30.()AchildborntoaChineseorEnglishspeakingfamilytakesaboutthesamenumberofyearstoacquiretheirnativetongue,regardlessoftheirgeneralintelligence.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%10=30%)×31.ernalborrowing38.subvocalspeech39.contrastiveanalysis3⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精选自学考料介绍