中西方建筑文化差异-中英文版课件

TheDifferencesinHistoryandCulturebetweenChineseandWesternArchitecture

建筑是人类文明的沉淀，也是人类文明的载体。它以其独特的语言方式向人们倾述着各地区、各民族的思想观念、宗教情感、审美情趣等等。所以地域和历史文化截然不同的中西方也有着不同的建筑理念。同时中西方的人审美观念、性格气质也有着相当的差异，这些都在无形地影响着当地的建筑设计艺术。Architectureisnotonlytheprecipitationofhumancivilization,butalsothecarrierofhumancivilization.Itrevealstheideologicalconcept,religiousfeelingsandaestheticinterestsofallpeoplesinallregionstouswithitsdistinctivelanguageexpressions.Therefore,Chineseandthewestwithdifferentregions,historyandculturealsohavedifferentarchitecturalphilosophy.Meanwhile,theChinesepeopleandwesternersalsohavequitedifferencesonaestheticstandards,characterandtemperament.Alltheseimpactthelocalartsofarchitecturaldesign.Chineseandthewestwithdifferentregions,historyandculturealsohavedifferentarchitecturalphilosophy.Meanwhile,theChinesepeopleandwesternersalsohavequitedifferencesonaestheticstandards,characterandtemperament.Alltheseimpactthelocalartsofarchitecturaldesign.地域和历史文化截然不同的中西方也有着不同的建筑理念。同时中西方的人审美观念、性格气质也有着相当的差异，这些都在无形地影响着当地的建筑设计艺术。Therefore,atfirst,wespeciallydiscussedsomedifferencesontherootofthearchitecturebetweentheeastandthewest.Herein,ItakeGreeceasthewesternrepresentative.因此，特地在此探讨一下东西方的建筑根源上的一些差异。在这里，以希腊为西方的代表。

Buildingmaterials,reflectedthedifferentbetweenChineseandwesternmaterialcultureandphilosophyofthedifferences.Judgingfromthebuildingmaterials,inmodernarchitecturenotproducedbefore,alltheworldhasdevelopedmatureconstructionsystem,includingbelongtoeasternarchitectureofIndianarchitectureinside,basically,areformajorconstructionmaterialstobrickybuild,belongstothebrickstructuresystem.SuchasthepyramidsinEgypt,ancientGreektemple,Romanchichenitza,theShuShuiDao,inEuropeinthemiddleages,thechurch...Allarebuiltwithstonematerial,nottinghaveisnotthe"stone"inthehistoryofhistoricallefttestimony.OnlyinChineseancientbuildings(includingneighbouringJapan,Koreaandotherregions)isthewoodtodothemainframehouses,belongtotimberworksystem,thusisknownas"woodhistory".Chinawhateverbuilding,fromhousingtothepalace,almostisapattern,similartothe"quad"mode.ThebeautyofChinesearchitectureisakindof"collective"beauty.Forexample;Beijingpalace,theMingtombsMingtemple,qufuFirstly,wediscusstheperceptionalarchitectureinGreece.TheancientGreekarchitecturepursuedplasticarts,andeachbuildingseemedtobeasculpture.Theypursuedharmonyandconsideredthathumanbodywasthemostharmoniousandbeautifulshapeintheworld.Thephysicalbeautyiswellreflectedintheirarchitectures.Forinstance,theDoricorderrepresentedmalemodelisresoluteandmagnificent.TheIonicorderrepresentedfemalemodelisgentleandgraceful.Asshowningraphs:Thefirstdifference首先我们来讨论一下希腊建筑的感性化。古希腊建筑追求造型艺术，每个建筑就如一个雕塑品。他们追求和谐，并认为人体是世界上最和谐最美的形体。人体美在他们的建筑上得到了很好的体现，如代表男体的多立克柱式刚毅雄伟，代表女体的爱奥尼柱式柔和端丽。

这多立克式的是高浮雕，甚至圆雕，强调体积，爱奥尼式的是薄浮雕，强调线条。

这两种柱式，确实可以说是分别典型的概括了男性和女性的体态与性格，不仅是像维特鲁威所说的那样简单地模仿男体和女体的比例。

。Next,weexploredthespiritofethicsinChinesearchitecture.Contrarytothetendencyofpursuingformalbeauty,attractiveappearanceandsculptureinGreece,theChinesepeopledon’tpursuetheexternalbeautybutconsiderthatthearchitectureistheplaceofliving,thinkingandcultivatingmoral,andshouldfocusonethics.接下来探讨中国建筑的伦理精神。与希腊人追求形式美、造型美、雕塑感的倾向相反，中国人不求外在形式的美感，而是认为建筑是生活、思考、养德的地方，应以伦理为重点

Thefirstdifference群体和谐的思想是中国建筑美学的特征，也正是中国建筑的独特理念。因此中国建筑以向水平方向发展为主，极力削弱个体建筑的突出。这种形式的布局，不是以单体建筑的造型取胜，而是以群体的对称、呼应、错落有序形成整体气势。中国人有着令人惊讶的对建筑群体的驾驭能力。

ThethoughtofgroupharmonyisthecharacteristicsofChinesearchitecturalaesthetics,butalsotheuniqueideasofChinesearchitecture.Therefore,Chinesearchitectureismainlyinhorizontaldevelopment,astoweakenthehighlightoftheindividualarchitecturegreatly.Thiskindoflayoutbecamedominantdependingontheoverallmomentumofthesymmetry,concertandgoodorderamonggroupsinsteadofthemodelingofindividualarchitecture.Chinesepeoplehavesurprisingcontrolabilitytothearchitecturalgroups.Thefirstdifference

ThefirstdifferenceInthegroupharmonyofChinesearchitectures,itischaracterizedby“courtesy”oftheConfucianism.“Courtesy”isthecriteriaofdividingintothedifferencesamongpeople.Therefore,ithasclearexpressionontheprimaryandsecondaryinarchitecture.Thearchitectureswithdifferentgradeshavethecorrespondingposition,form,colorandroofstyles,etc.AllthesealsoreflectedtheethicsofChinesearchitecture.Forinstance,intheForbiddenCity,allthebuildingsarearrangedinacertaincourtesyorder,soastoshowthetremendousmomentum.中国建筑的群体和谐中，以儒家的“礼”的思想为特色。“礼”是一种划分人与人之间差异区别的标准，因此，建筑中有着鲜明的主次表达。不同级别的建筑有着与自身级别相应的位置、形式、色彩、屋顶样式等等。这也正体现了中国建筑的伦理观念。Thefirstdifference图

故宫在古希腊建筑中，大型建筑往往依地势而建，并不强调中轴对称和等级思想。如雅典的建筑卫城中，建筑物的安排顺应地势，布局方式自由活泼，给人的感觉是生机勃勃多于庄严肃穆。Theseconddifference图

雅典卫城山门Graph4thePropylaeainAthensAcropolisIntheancientGreekarchitectures,thelarge-scalebuildingsareoftenestablishedaccordingtothetopography,notemphasizedtheaxissymmetryandhierarchicalthinking.Forinstance,intheAcropolisofAthens,thelayoutofbuildingsisinaccordancewiththetopography.Thefreeandlivelylayoutmakespeoplefullofvigormorethaninasolemnandawe-inspiringatmosphere.IntheancientChinesearchitectures,therealwaysshowedthewell-fortifiedhierarchyfromthelayout,dimension,structuralunits,architecturalornaments,buildingmaterialstothecitysize,eventheroadwidth,etc.Thestronghierarchyregulationsarefilledwitheverywhere.Evensomerelativelawsandregulationinvolved.而中国古代建筑中，有着壁垒森严的等级制度，从建筑的布局方位、形体大小、结构构件、建筑装饰、建筑材料到城市大小、道路宽度等等，处处凝聚着强烈的等级规范。甚至还有相关法律规定。Theseconddifference西方对宗教建筑极为重视，在古建筑中宗教建筑往往代表着时代建筑的最高水平。设计师们使用垂直发展的空间序列和挺拔向上的形式，来表达人们对神的崇拜以及对天国的热切向往和痴迷。西方人不像中国人重视世俗皇权，而是重视自己心灵中的神，用最好的材料、最好的技术来建造一座座名垂千古的神庙和教堂。

ThethirddifferenceThewesternerspaidmoreattentiontothereligiousbuildings.Intheancientbuildings,thereligiousbuildingsoftenrepresentthetoplevelofthearchitectureatthattime.Thedesignersappliedtheverticalspacesequenceandupwardstraightformtoexpressthepeople’sworshiptotheGodandtheeageryearningandinfatuationtotheheaven.Thewesternerspaidlessa