控制测量与平差

控制测量与平差报告指导老师：刘成龙班级：2011遥感5组组成员：杨磊朱冰雪魏盈冯显杨张世政廖炳迅2013/7/17目录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（一）三等水准测量：3一、i角检验：3\o"CurrentDocument"二、测段往返测高差统计：4（二）四等三角高程测量：4一、观测数据：.4\o"CurrentDocument"二、平差文件：6\o"CurrentDocument"三、高差闭合差计算结果：6四、三角高程平差结果：.7\o"CurrentDocument"（三）四等导线测量：8一、观测数据：8二、平差文件：11\o"CurrentDocument"三、导线闭合差计算结果：12对相对精度没有达到要求的分析：12\o"CurrentDocument"四、平差结果：14五、网图19

（一）三等水准测量:—、i角检验:表1水准仪i角检验记录手薄仪器位置项目ave在中点测高差在A点附近检校A点立尺读数。1B点立尺读数b1A点立尺读数aB点立尺读数b232.7(m)143014301430150215001501132513261325.5139513961395.571.1(m)3.8(m)34.6(m)3次读数之差不得大于2mm3.8(m)距离用钢尺丈量，AB间距以50~80米为宜，BC间距以2〜3米为宜。i角大于20秒则仪器需要校正后方能使用。•A71.1-3.8i=—*p=x206265=3.06"L67.3x1000hrAu——/jah)/(Sa—S%)

二、测段往返测高差统计:表2测段往返测高差较差统计表（二）四等三角高程测量:l=J（二）四等三角高程测量:l=J测段往测距离（m）返测距离（m）往测高差（mm）返测高差（mm）往返测高差较差（mm）较差限差（mm）往返测高差平均值（mm）备注H12-GH559291.3292.011.9295-11.9350-5.59.164911.932312MGH559-H34357.5363.215.1395-15.13158.010.187315.1355H12-H34648.8655.227.0690-27.06652.513.703127.0678F=12插=1271.304=13.7mm班级2011遥感组员杨磊、朱冰雪、魏盈、冯显杨、廖炳迅、张世政日期2013/7/16—、观测数据:表3三角高程测量计算表测段往测返测往返测高差平均值(m)斜距m竖直角(°‘〃)仪器高m觇标高m高差m斜距m竖直角(°‘〃)仪器高m标高m高差mH02YL175.20913833.51.4201.466-2.20275.213-14421.81.4971.4162.2022.202YL1YL261.04381516.81.4971.461-8.80861.052-81754.51.5101.5008.0008.001YL2YL370.895039051.5101.681-0.63670.896-02538.71.5601.6670.6350.636YL3YL497.723-22424.31.5601.6104.15197.11922206.31.5311.400-4.154-4.152YL4YL5154.296-22011.71.5131.4506.225154.29221651.81.5311.447-6.228-6.226YL5YL686.880112536.31.5311.589-17.15486.865-112208.71.5601.59117.15417.154YL6YL776.574-1138.51.5601.3871.20176.56904943.71.5031.409-1.200-1.201YL7H3281.11301503.81.5031.664-0.19481.11603757.81.4731.6620.1940.194H02,500.0000H32,517.3981H02,YL1,2.2020,0.075YL1,YL2,8.8017,0.060YL2,YL3,0.636,0.071YL3,YL4,-4.1512,0.098YL4,YL5,-6.2253,0.154YL5,YL6,17.1544,0.085YL6,YL7,-1.2014,0.076YL7,H32,0.1936,0.081H32,YL7,-0.1945,0.081YL7,YL6,1.2000,0.076YL6,YL5,-17.1542,0.085YL5,YL4,6.2286,0.154YL4,YL3,4.1537,0.098YL3,YL2,-0.6350,0.071YL2,YL1,-8.8001,0.060YL1,H02,-2.2020,0.075三、高差闭合差计算结果：高差闭合差计算结果线路号：1线路点号：H32YL7YL6YL3YL2YL1YL5H02高差闭合差：总长度：-8.5500(MM)0.7000(KM)限差：20◎=2^.0.7000=16.7mmYL4四、三角高程平差结果:APPROXIMATEHEIGHTNo.NameHeight(m)1H02500.00002H32517.39813YL1502.20204YL2511.00295YL3511.63846YL4507.48607YL5501.25908YL6518.41339YL7517.2126KNOWNHEIGHTNo.NameHeight(m)1H02500.000002H32517.39810MEASURINGDATAOFHEIGHTDIFFERENCENo.FromToObserve(m)Distance(km)Weight1H02YL12.202000.075013.3332YL1YL28.800900.060016.6673YL2YL30.635500.071014.0854YL3YL4-4.152450.098010.2045YL4YL5-6.226950.15406.4946YL5YL617.154300.085011.7657YL6YL7-1.200700.076013.1588YL7H320.194050.081012.346ADJUSTEDHEIGHTNo.NameHeight(m)Mh(mm)2H32517.39813YL1502.20112.644YL2511.00133.375YL3511.63593.906YL4507.48224.247YL5501.25344.078YL6518.40673.579YL7517.20502.73ADJUSTEDHEIGHTDIFFERENCENo.FromToAdjusted_dh(m)V(mm)Mdh(mm)1H02YL12.2011-0.922.642YL1YL28.8002-0.732.393YL2YL30.6346-0.872.584YL3YL4-4.1536-1.202.975YL4YL5-6.2288-1.883.546YL5YL617.1533-1.042.797YL6YL7-1.2016-0.932.668YL7H320.1931-0.992.73UNITWEIGHTANDPVVPVV=104.432FreeDegree=1UnitWeight=10.219[s]=0.700(km)TotalPointNumber=9HeightDifferenceNumber=8（三）四等导线测量:—、观测数据:

表4全站仪水平角精度统计表测站水平角均值E（°,〃）第一测回第二测回第三测回第四测回第五测回第六测回H02285102428510312851025285102528510302851031.52851027.8YL-117902221790220.5179022217902261790221.51790218.51790220.1YL-21644505.51644503.5164450816445061644506.516445091644506.4YL-32425108.52425103.52425106.524251092425110.52425109.52425107.9YL-415005181500520.51500520.5150051915005221500522.51500520.4YL-51310434.51310434.51310435.51310437.51310437.513104341310435.6YL-612523141252320.512523161252314.51252314.512523161252315.9YL-716311451631144.5163114316311421631144.516311431631143.7H321290954.51290958129095512909561290956.512909581290956.3

表5往返测距离精度统计表测边往测斜距（m）往测竖直角（〃）往测平距（m）返测斜距（m）返测竖直角（〃）返测平距（m）往返测平均平距S（m）往返测平距较差△（往-返）（mm）H02-YL175.213-14421.875.17875.20913833.575.17975.1785-1YL1-YL261.052-81754.560.41361.04381516.860.41160.4122YL2-YL370.896-02538.770.89470.89460390570.89070.8924YL3-YL497.71922206.397.63697.725-22424.397.63797.637-1YL4-YL5154.29221651.8154.170154.296-22011.7154.168154.1692YL5-YL686.864-112208.785.16086.880112536.785.15885.1592YL6-YL776.56904943.776.56176.574-10138.576.56276.561.5-1YL7-H3281.116-090.581.11681.1130153.881.11281.1144!di|'(-1)2+22+42+(-1)2+22+22+(-1)2+42测距中误差：m-J小-*cc-1.616mm\2n\2x9二、平差文件：2,2,2H02,3272568.719,470906.456H04,3272620.916,471023.524D81,3272884.419,470687.048H32,3273022.361,470728.444H02H04,L,0.0000YL1,L,285.10278YL1,S,75.178H04,S,128.177YL1H02,L,0.0000YL2,L,179.02201YL2,S,60.419H02,S,75.178YL2YL1,L,0.0000YL3,L,164.45064YL3,S,70.892YL1,S,60.419YL3YL2,L,0.0000YL4,L,242.51079YL4,S,97.636YL2,S,70.892YL4YL3,L,0.0000YL5,L,150.05204YL5,S,154.169YL3,S,97.636YL5YL4,L,0.0000YL6,L,131.04356YL6,S,85.159YL4,S,154.169YL6YL5,L,0.0000YL7,L,125.23159YL7,S,76.561YL5,S,85.159YL7YL6,L,0.0000H32,L,163.11437H32,S,81.114YL6,S,76.561H32YL7,L,0.0000D81,L,129.09563D81,S,144.020YL7,S,81.114三、导线闭合差计算结果:平面闭合差计算结果导线线路号：1线路点名：D81H32YL7YL6YL5YL4YL3YL2YL1H02H04角度闭合差：-11.8(Sec)X坐标闭合差：-0.0479(M)Y坐标闭合差：-0.0086(M)总长度：0.7011(KM)相对精度：1:14397限差：f=5n=549=15”相对限差：1：35000对相对精度没有达到要求的分析：1、全站仪操作问题：实事求是的说，我们全组人员一开始对全站仪的操作都不是很熟练，无论是对中，调平速度还是对准棱镜读数的速度都很慢，数据也不是很准确。并且对整段导线的测量过程中，也没有关注全站仪中的参数设置，比如温度、湿度和棱镜常数的输入。2、观测问题：由于要每一位成员都熟悉一下全站仪的操作流程，我们的数据不是出自一个同学的眼睛，存在不同的误差，另外一点就是，我们的测量场地有几个路线上总是会有其他的实习同学和来往的人群影响读数，几天下来，总结一下读数的技巧，对于一个测回来说，应尽量一气呵成，如果中间间隔时间过长，那结果一般不会很准确。3、温度问题：测量过程中早晚温度的影响也是很大的，一般在中午测量时的测绘次数都大于6,读数也就不是很准确，而在测量前两天，由于我们的测站数多，又换了两次线，为了赶进度，中午也在测，对读数应该产生了一定的影响。其次就是全站仪设置的工作温度为25.4度，而我们这几天外业测量的温度都高于这个温度，这一点对读数也产生一定影响。4、棱镜问题：最初我们采用的是照准简易棱镜的尖部，然后水平制动，移动竖直微动到棱镜。但是后来我们的线路不可能再采取这样的方法。由于遮挡和一些曲线的问题，我们无法看到简易棱镜尖部，所以就采取了借用其他组的代基座的棱镜观测。这两种方法之间应该是有一定的差距的。5、选线问题：由于对峨眉的地形不是很熟悉，也是自己思维定式，只是沿着公路选了7个点，但是有几条边的长度并不相近，并且差距很大，后经过老师的指导我们的的导线距离有所改善，但是仍然存在以上的问题，并且测站数的影响应该也很大，应该还有更好的路线，我们没有发现。

四、平差结果:近似坐标NameX(m)Y(m)H023272568.719470906.456H043272620.916471023.524D813272884.419470687.048H323273022.361470728.444YL13272643.001470894.882YL23272702.535470884.580YL33272766.751470854.546YL43272843.912470914.370YL53272996.627470935.495YL63273060.851470879.572YL73273053.351470803.405方向平差结果FROMTO'TYPEVALUE(dms)M(sec)V(sec)RESULT(dms)RiH02H04L0.0000002.00-1.61-0.0001610.18H02YL1L285.1027802.001.61285.1029410.18H32YL7L0.0000002.006.620.0006620.18H32D81L129.0956302.00-6.62129.0949680.18YL1H02L0.0000002.00-1.29-0.0001290.12YL1YL2L179.0220102.001.29179.0221390.12YL2YL1L0.0000002.00-0.97-0.0000970.09YL2YL3L164.4506402.000.97164.4507370.09YL3YL2L0.0000002.000.470.0000470.07YL3YL4L242.5107902.00-0.47242.5107430.07YL4YL3L0.0000002.00-3.40-0.0003400.07YL4YL5L150.0520402.003.40150.0523800.07YL5YL4L0.0000002.00-5.37-0.0005370.14YL5YL6L131.0435602.005.37131.0440970.14YL6YL5L0.0000002.00-2.41-0.0002410.13YL6YL7L125.2315902.002.41125.2318310.13YL7YL6L0.0000002.002.080.0002080.13

TOC\o"1-5"\h\zYL7H32L163.1143702.00-2.08163.1141620.13方向最小多余观测分量：0.07(YL4--->YL3)方向最大多余观测分量：0.18(H32--->YL7)方向平均多余观测分量：0.12方向多余观测数总和：2.23距离平差结果FROMTOTYPEVALUE(m)M(cm)V(cm)RESULT(m)RiH02YL1S75.17800.140.6175.18410.13H02H04S128.17700.200.04128.17741.00H32D81S144.02000.20-0.05144.01951.00H32YL7S81.11400.14-0.1981.11210.04YL1YL2S60.41900.140.6160.42510.13YL2YL3S70.89200.140.5770.89770.13YL3YL4S97.63600.140.4597.64050.08YL4YL5S154.16900.140.61154.17510.13YL5YL6S85.15900.140.4985.16390.11YL6YL7S76.56100.14-0.0176.56090.03边长最小多余观测分量:0.03(YL6--->YL7)边长最大多余观测分量：1.00(H02--->H04)边长平均多余观测分量：0.28边长多余观测数总和：2.77

平差坐标及其精度NameX(m)Y(m)MX(cm)MY(cm)MP(cm)E(cm)F(cm)T(dms)-H023272568.7190470906.4560H043272620.9160471023.5240D813272884.4190470687.0480H323273022.3610470728.4440YL13272643.0069470894.88220.130.08171.5805YL23272702.5474470884.58020.170.13174.4315YL33272766.7694470854.54760.200.1716.1133YL43272843.9325470914.37680.210.1943.2952YL53272996.6519470935.5190.210.19143.5645YL63273060.8859470879.59350.200.1599.3855YL73273053.3458470803.40480.040.0974.2513-Mx均值：0.16My均值：0.16Mp均值：0.23最弱点及其精度NameX(m)Y(m)MX(cm)MY(cm)MP(cm)E(cm)F(cm)T(dms)YL53272996.6519470935.5190.210.19143.5645

网点间边长、方位角及其相对精度FROMTOA(dms)MA(sec)S(m)MS(cm)S/MSE(cm)F(cm-H02YL1351.0840812.2675.18410.1