2020学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectionⅢReadingandThinking(2)学案新人教版必修第一册

ⅢandⅠ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉示写出单词的适当形式Inordertocatchthe，villagersseta陷阱)andcovereditwithsomeleaves.Inspiteofgreat努)wefailedtocarryoutourplansthrough.3.Wisdom(智慧isknowingwhattodonext.Donleavethelightson.Itwasteselectricity()Jill’slastschoolreportshocked(shock)parentstheiropinion.6.Deathfinallybroughtantohersuffering(suffer).Eversincehemovedthere，hehasburied(bury)himselfinhisresearchwork.Ilikegettingupearlyinthemorning.Themorningairistobreathe(breath).Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语示写出适当的短语layinruins(破不)aftertheearthquake.Nowarebeingbuilt.ItwasreportedthatanAmericancouplehaddug掘)alotofgoldcoinsfromtheirownyard.AlthoughIgotupwithaItoasusual(像常一样.4.Ifwecutacross(穿)thefieldwe’llgettherebeforeFrank.5.Rememberthatsuccessisgettingupjustoneyoufalldown(跌倒.记单词Ⅰ.语境串记多义词1.Thestormruinedthe，wholevillagewasalmostinruinsafterthehurricane.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼，整个村子在飓风过后几乎变成了废墟。2.Assoonasthecatistrapped，completelycovertheandthetrapthearea.一旦那只猫被困住，把圈套完全盖住并把圈套从该地区移开。Ⅱ.构词法助记派生词名词后缀：，-ity，-domsuffer(.)→sufferingelectric(adj→electricitywise(.)→wisdomⅢ.句式语境仿写1.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohideandjumpedoutofthe老从田里跑出来寻藏身之处，鱼从水里跳了出来。[仿写他夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。Allnightlonghelayawakethinkingoftheproblem.2.Itseemedasiftheworldcomingtoan！仿佛到了世界末日！[仿写看来这条河好像不干净，不能游泳。Itlooksasiftheriverisn’tcleanenoughtoswimhere.(陈述语)3.Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingruins.幸存者们向四周看看，除了废墟什么也没有。[仿写无走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。Everywhereshe，receiveswelcome.4.Water，，andelectricitywerehardtoget.水、食物和电是很难得到的。[仿写他这个问题不难解决。Hesaidthattheproblemwasnotdifficulttosettle.句型公式现在分词短语作伴随状语。Itseems/looksasif...看来好像……everywhere作词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。“主语be＋形容词＋不定式”构。incontextNIGHTEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays，waterinthevillagewellsroseroseandfell.Therewerecracksthatappearedintheleastonewellhadsomesmellygascomingoutofit.Chickensweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutthelookingforplacesto，andfishjumpedoutoftheaboutamon28July，brightlightswereintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudheard.Butthecity’sonemillionasleepasusualthatnight.[文化视窗地震前常见征兆动物表现异常，例如：大量的蛇爬出洞来长距离迁移；家禽家畜不吃不喝，狂叫不止，不进窝圈；大量的老鼠白天出洞，不畏追赶；动物园里的动物萎靡不振，卧地不起等。地下水发生异常例如：震区的井突然有了水，井水的水位突然大幅度上升或下降，井水由苦变甜、由甜变苦等。1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeatandrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。【句式解读】为“太……而不能……”too修饰形容词或副词to接动词原形。【用法总结】(1)在“too...to...”结构中有出现可数名词单数，而该结构的形式通常为“tooadj

.＋a/an＋可数名词单数”。①Theistoodifficultformetotranslate.＝Thesentenceisdifficultenoughformetotranslate.这个句子太难我翻译不了。②Yourbrotherisyoungaboybefitthework.＝Yourbrotherissoyoungthatheisfitforthework.你弟弟太小还不能胜任这项工作。(2)too...to...结表示肯定意的情况当too之后跟表示主语的态度、感情或倾向的词，如gladeageranxioushappy，ready，，pleased等。当“too...to...”结构中含有not或等否定词时。③Heisjusttooeagertoknowtheresulttheexam.他只是太想知道考试成绩。④Youwillbenevertoocarefultogoacrossstreet.过马路时，你再小心也不为过。[巩固内化同句转换①Thehouseisnotcheapenoughformetobuy.→Thehouseistooexpensiveformetobuy.→Thehouseisexpensiveenoughformetobuy.②Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.→TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan’tworkitout.③Hearingthe，thewassohappy.→Theteacherwastoohappytohearthenews.incontextAt：，everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasifworldwerecomingtoanend!kilometresdirectlybelowthecityoneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegunquakethatcausedmorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholefelthuge，eightkilometreslongand30metres，cutacross，roads，andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanone，largecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofpeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofwhowereorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan，000.Everywheresurvivors，therewasbutruins.Nearlyeverythingthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthe’sfactoriesandbuildings，90percentofitshomes，andallhospitalsweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumn，butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaywerenowpiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsof，hundredsofthousandsof，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshock—and，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.[文化视窗世纪国3次地震1976年7月28日中国唐山发生里氏级大地震，造成242人死亡。1927年5月23日中国甘肃古浪发生级地震，死亡万余。1920年12月16日中国宁回族自治区南部海原县一带发生8.5级震，死亡28.8万人。唐山地震灾情唐山被夷成废墟682267间用建筑中有656136倒塌或受到严重破坏242769人亡，851人伤4个孩子成了孤儿。直接经济损失达30亿元人民币以上。地震罹难场面惨烈到极点，为世界罕见。2.ruin.坏；毁坏[合作探究体ruin的用和意义Thewholecitylayinruinsafterthe，whichmadeusawakeallnight.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。Heavysmokingruinsyourhealthsoyougiveupsmoking.吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟。Ifyoudon’tgivethecomputergames，you’llruinyourself.如果再不戒掉电脑游戏，你会毁了自己的。Shortlyaftersufferingfromabigearthquakeandbeingtoruins，citytookonanewlook.在遭受大地震并沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。[自主发现be/lieinruinsreduce...toruins

成为废墟；毁灭使……成为废墟③ruinoneself自毁灭[巩固内化补句子①Heruinedhishealththroughdrinkingwhenhewasyoung.他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。②Threedayslater,thefirewasputoutandsome500ay/wereinruins.三天后火被扑灭了，大约500个区夷为平地。[思考表“破坏”的单词还有哪些？请说出它们的区别。ruin指坏某种好的或者有用的东西。用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。destroy指彻底地破坏，一不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭。3.shockn震惊；令人震惊的事；休

vt.(使)震shockedadj.震惊的；惊讶的adj.人震惊的[合作探究体shock的法意义IlookedatmyhusbandinshockwaitingtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.Butheonlyshookhis我惊地望着丈夫，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。但他只是摇了摇头。Hissituationwasgreattousall.他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。Iwasshockedhearthatourfactorywouldhavetoclose.听说我们工厂将被迫关闭，我非常震惊。Thenewsofhissuddendeathissoshockingeveryoneisveryshockedatit.他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。[自主发现①shock

震惊；吃惊beashockto...使…吃惊beshockedtodosth做事很吃惊beshockedat对…感到惊[巩固内化完语段PeoplewereshockedtoseetheUFOwasflyingoverthecity.Theshockingnewsshockedallthepeoplearound，whichalsogreatshocktopeoplealloverthecountry.人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行让人震惊的消息震动了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。[思考请出shocked和shocking区别。shockedadj“感到震惊的”，表人的心状态和心理感受；shocking.“令人震惊的”，说事物的性质特征、特点等。4.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoan！仿佛到了世界末日！【句式解读】if＝as“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式语从句。【用法总结】如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。·如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。·如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋去分词”。·如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。①Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快点！看起来火车要开了。ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.Whyareyoutalkingtoifdone？打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.＝openedhismouthasiftosaysomething.他张开嘴好像要说什么。[巩固内化单语法填空Tomshookhisheadasiftosay(say)，“Don’ttrusther.”HetreatsmeasifIwere(be)hisowndaughter.Theytalkedasif/thoughheybeen(be)friendsfor[名师提醒asif/asthough引导状语从句时的省略原则。asif/asthough引状语从句时，如果主语和主句的主语一致，且从句含be动词，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词从句的结构是asif/asthough＋词动不定式形词短)介短语/分词等。incontextButhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmy，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan000doctorsandcametomedicalcare.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytraintruckandplane.SlowlythebegantobreatheTangshanstartedtoreviveandbackuponitsfeetagain.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandtirelesseffortsofthecity’snewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeatomorethansevenmillionpeople，greatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtheresttheworldthatintimesofdisaster，peoplemustunifyandshowwisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighter[文化视窗震后救援十余万解放军官兵紧急奔赴灾区救援国5万名护人员和干部群众紧急集结赴救灾前线；危重伤员由专机、专列紧急疏散转移到11省市治疗。抗震精神唐山人在灾难面前所凝结出来的“公而忘私与共折不挠往直前”的抗震精神，是震中及震后建设中支撑激励鼓舞和引导唐山人民最终战胜地震灾害建园的精神力量。5.trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.境；陷阱[合作探究体trap的用和意义Whentravellingtheytrappedinthe，toberescued.旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。Thepolicetrappedhimintotellingtruth.警察设圈套使他讲出实情。Ifyouchoosethis，you’relikelytofallintoatrap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。[自主发现①trappedin

困在……中；陷在……中trapsbinto(doing)sth诱使某(做某事fallintoatrap落圈套陷阱[巩固内化(1)补全句子①Hewastrappedintosayingthathelikedthegirl.他被套出说他喜欢那个女孩。②Theteamweretrappedintheburningbuildingtheywereeagertoforrescue.队员们困在燃烧的建筑物中，焦急地等待救援。(2)句式升级③用定语从句改写练习②Theteamwhoweretrappedintheburningbuildingwereeagertowaitforrescue.6.buryvt

埋葬安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心[合作探究体bury的用和意义Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandwept.她掩面而泣。Sincehiswifeleft，he’sburiedhimselfinhiswork.自从妻子离开以后，他一直专心于工作。inhisstudy，hedidn’tknowthatothershadleft.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。[自主发现①bury...in...

把……埋到……里②buryone’sfaceinhands

双手掩面③beburiedin④buryoneselfin

埋头于；专心于；沉浸于[巩固内化一多译由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。→Becauseheburiedhimselfin/wasburiedinthehedidn’tknowwasrainingoutside.(使连because)→Buryinghimselfinthe，hedidnitwasrainingoutside.(使用5151现在分词burying作语→Buriedinthebook，hedidn’tknowitrainingoutside.(使过去分词buried作语7.effort努力艰难的尝试尽力[合作探究体effort的用和意义Anotherreasonwhyweshouldnevergiveupisthatwecanlearnfromourmistakesonlyifwemakeaneffort.另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有我们努力了，我们才能从错误中学习。Thecompanyhaslaidoff150workersinanefforttomoney.公司为节省资金遣散了150名人。Ifitisamatteroflifeand，shouldsparenoefforttosolveit.如果这是一个生死攸关的问题，我们就应该不遗余力地去解决它。[自主发现①makeanefforttodosth

努力做某事inanefforttodosth为了做某事sparenoefforttodosth不遗余力地做某事[巩固内化一多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。→We’lltry/doourbesttohelpyouyoumustgetpreparedtokindsofdifficulties.→We’llmakeanefforttohelpyouyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.→We’llsparenoefforttohelpyouyoumustpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.8.suffervt遭受；受vi受苦.患者；受苦者；受难者sufferingn.苦难；痛苦Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplesufferedanearthquakeneed？(教材P)你认为地震灾民需要什么的帮助？[合作探究体suffer的用和意义AsfarasI，haseverfromseriousillness.据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。Thegaspricedroppedsharplyandcountriessufferedlosses.油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesduringthewar.据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。[自主发现sufferpain/defeat/loss/poverty/hardship遭受痛/失败损失/贫困/艰难sufferfrom...受……之苦患……病[巩固内化(1)选词填空(suffer/sufferfrom)Fortunatelyhesufferedpain.Theysufferedfromkindsofthoseyears.(2)单句语法填空③Aofmoneyhasbeencollectedtohelpthosesuffering(suffer)fromthefloods.Ⅰ.课文语法填空Atabout：amonJuly1976，peoplethecityofTangshanwereasleepasusualwithoutthinking1.muchofthestrangesignsoftheearthquake.At3：ameverythingbegan2.toshake(shake).Oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturybeganelevenkilometers3.directly(direct)belowthecity.Itevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.Inlessthanminutealargecitylay4.inruins.Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedorwere5.injured(injure)duringtheearthquake.Nearlyeverything6.wasdestroyed(destroy)incity.Mostofthebuildingsweregoneandmanyfarmdied.ThenlaterthatafternoonquakeshookTangshan.Evenmore8.buildings(build)felldown.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Buthopewasnot150，000soldiersTangshan.HundredsthousandsofpeopleTangshanbegantobreatheagain.Intimesofdisaster，mustunifyand10.show(show)tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterⅡ.根据提示完成课堂小作文地震之后，无(everywhere)朝里看，我们所能看见的一切都变成了废ruins)。像asif)世界到了末日(toan。并不是所有的希望都被(destroy)了。令我们欣慰的是，许多人并没有丧失信心。他们立刻前来救援，出了一些困在(trap)废墟中的人并掩埋bury)死在灾(disaster)面前他是如此善良和乐于助人以至于他们非常愿意(willing)助那些处于困境的人此我们再怎么表扬他们也不为过。Aftertheearthquakewelookedfoundeverythinginruins.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.However，notallhopewasdestroyedandtoourrelief，agreatnumberofpeopledidnloseheart.Theycametotherescuerightaway，savedsomepeoplewhoweretrappedundertheruins，andburiedthedead.Theyweresokindandhelpfulthattheyweretoowillingtohelpthoseintroubleinthefaceofdisasters，sowecanthinktoohighlyofthem.Ⅰ.单词拼写Themachineweoftenuseisdrivenbyelectricity(电.Hisbadhabitruined(毁灭)hischanceofafuture.Afterthewomanheardthatherhusbandwaskilledinthecar，wentinto休).Thepoliceseta陷)tocatchtheprisoner.Shetookadeepbreathandupslowlywithgreateffort(努).Perhapsthedaywillcomewhenwillbeabletobreathe(呼吸)cleanair.7.Latestreportssaythatmudslidesburied(埋entirevillages.Thenumberoffamiliesseekingby17percent(百比.Afterlearningthattheboyshadfor20policesentoutarescue(营救teamtolookforthem.10.ThegovernmentappealedtotheInternationalRedCrosstohelpthepeoplesufferingfromthefloods洪灾.Ⅱ.单句语法填空Burying(bury)himselfinnewspaper，hedidnnoticewhatwashappening.Yearsoffightinghaveleftthecityinruins(ruin)；wouldtakealotofmoneytorebuildit.Theviruscausedterriblesuffering(suffer)tolocalanimals.Theboywalkedinasifhehadbought(buy)thewholeschool.Hewastrapped(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless.Ifyou’readdictedtocomputergames，youyourself(you).Thoughthesoldiershavebeenworkingforfifteen，theycarryonlookingforsurvivors(survive)inruins.Theaccidentcaused3deaths(die)and20injuries，whichprevioustohisarrivalthere.Ⅲ.补全句子1.HewasburyinghimselfinstudyingIin.我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。2.Iwasshockedtohearthatyourhousehadbeenbrokeninto.听说有人非法闯入你的房子，我非常震惊。3.Ayoungcoupleaboatwere，talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.一对年轻的夫妇在船里一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。4.Sheranawayandherboyfriendwaitingintherainalone.她跑开了，留下她的男友一个人在雨中等着。5.Itnotsafeatall.Everywhereyou，youshouldlockyourbike.一点儿也不安全，所以不管去哪儿你都得把车锁好。Ⅳ.阅读理解气)changemaymakepartsoftheMiddleEasttoohotforhuman，accordingtonewstudy.ResearchershavestudiedweatherconditionsintheMiddleEastsince1970.Theresearcherssay“veryhotdaysinthehavedoubledthatperiod.Rightnow，over500millionpeoplelivethere.Inthe，theclimateinlargepartsoftheMiddleEastandNorthAfricacouldchangebecausetemperaturescouldgetsohigh，andthoselivingintheareacouldbeatrisk.ResearcherssaytemperaturesinsummerintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricawillcontinuerising.Theresearchersbelievethatby2050，temperaturesnotfallbelow30℃atnightinthehottestpartofthesummer.Duringthis，day-timetemperaturescouldriseto46℃.Extremeheatcouldcontinuepastthecentury.Researchersthinktemperaturesinthemiddleofthedaycouldreachas50℃.Ifmankindcontinuestosendoutcarbon二氧化)asitdoes，peoplelivingintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricawillhaveexpectabout200unusuallyhotdays.Theresearcherscreatedtwomodels.Inonemodelrisingare限制becauseofreductions(减)ingreenhousegases.Theothermodelissaidtobea“businessasusual”modelwherenothingisdonetostopclimateUnderbothmodelsfutureofMiddleEastisnotgoodtheresearchersalsosaysoonerorlater，manypeoplemayhavetoleavethisarea.【语篇解读】本是说明文。项新的研究表明，部分中东地区的气温正变得越来越热，成为不适合人类居住的地方。1.WhathashappenedintheMiddleEastsince1970?Over500millionhaveleftthearea.Peoplehavesufferedmorehotdays.Livingconditionshavebetter.Theweatherconditionshaveimproved.答案B[细节理解题根据第段的Theresearcherssay“veryhot”daystheareahavedoubledoverthatperiod可，自1970年来，该地区极度炎热的天数翻了一番]2.Inthemiddleofthe21st，day-timetemperaturestheremightriseto.A.30℃B.39℃C.46℃D.50℃答案C[细节理解题。根据第段的Theresearchersbelievethatby，，day-timetemperaturescouldriseto46℃可知，这里白天的最高气温可能达到4摄氏度。]3.Whatwouldthesecondmodeldotodealwithclimatechange?Leaveitalone.Protectpeoplefromheat.Reducegreenhousegases.Helppeopleleavethearea.答案A[推理判断题。根据倒第二段的Theothermodelsaidtobea“businessasusual”modelwherenothingisdonetostopclimatechange可，第二种模式是对气候变化放任不管]4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?Temperatureswillcontinuerising.Peoplelivingintheareatrisk.Scientistsfindwaysreducecarbondioxide.ClimatechangecouldmakepartsoftheMiddleEastterrible.答案D[主旨大意题。根据第段的ClimatechangemaymakepartsoftheMiddleEasttoohotforhuman可，气候变化会使得中东部分地区热得难以忍受]Ⅴ.完形填空IhadsuddenlyrunoutofoiljustwhenIneededthem.SoImadealong1totheonlystoreheresellswasthe2timetoshop.Thestorewasfullpeopleandthecheckoutwaslong.Icouldseethe3onthefacesofthepeoplearoundme.Itnobetterinthe4Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleofalonglinewaitingtooutofit.AsmycarwasmovingforwardI5amiddle-aged，thinblackwomaninoldcoat.Sheholdinguppieceofpapersaid，“6myto！I7ascarafterdrovepastherwhiletheirdriversturnedtheireyesaway.8Icamecloser，tookoutmy9andpulledoutthelittlecashleft.I10nextto，down(摇下mywindow，and11putitinher12andsaid“Thankyou”beforecarme13metodriveon.Idroveawayand14thatIhadhelpedheralittle.Wasmysmallactofkindness15toherdonknow.Diditchangethe16ofthedriverbehindme？Probab