高一定语从句、时态语法课件

Unit1在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的词，叫关系词。定语从句位于先行词的后面。Grammarrevision关系词有两个作用：一是引导定语从句；二是代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。1.关系代词引导的定语从句whowhomwhichthatwhose人主语人宾语物主语、宾语人、物主语、宾语人、物定语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。(2.)that的两个不能（可以用which)：

1.不能放在介词后面.2.不能引导非限制性定语从句.(3.)当先行词是人，只能用who的情况：先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等指人时.(4.)定语从句中的主谓一致原则：

1.2.oneof+可数名词复数形式作先行词，定语从句中谓语动词用_________；theonlyoneof+可数名词复数形式作先行词,定语从句中谓语动词用__________.从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致.复数单数

(5.)几种特殊情况：

(1.)theway作先行词时，定语从句用_________/___________或_______。

(2.)

非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“______________________________”的结构。

(3.)

Whose引导的定语从句可转换为“__________________________”引导的定语从句。即______________=_________________________.thatinwhich不填不定代词/数词+of+which/whomthe+n.+of+which/whomwhose+nthe+n.+of+which/whom2.关系副词引导的定语从句wherewhenwhy地点名词时间名词thereason介+which介+whichfor+which注：此时的关系代词不可省略。Thisistheplace(that/which)Ioncevisited.I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithhim.3.Thisisthereason(that/which)hegaveforbeinglate.(2.)几个特殊句子：4.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1.)形式不同：限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句必须用逗号隔开。(2.)翻译不同：一般把限制性定语从句翻译在先行词之前；而翻译非限制性定语从句时，常和主句分开。

5.as和which引导的非限

制性定语从句的区别

(1)Sheisverypatient,asisshowninherwork.

Thechildhadafevereverynight,

whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.她很有耐心，正如她工作中所表现出来的那样。这孩子每晚发烧，这件事令他父母非常焦急。(2)Therewasanetbararoundhere,asI

remember.

Youpretendednottoknowme,whichI

didn’tunderstand.

我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。你假装不认识我，我真无法理解。(3)AbigearthquakeoccurredinXinjinaglastnight,aswasreportedonTV.

Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

据电视报道，昨天晚上新疆发生了大地震。他通过了考试，这使得他父母很高兴。(4)____isknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.

Theearthgoesaroundthesun,______isknown.

Theearth,____isknown,goesaroundthesun.

A.AsB.asC.whichAB/CB

(1)as翻译成“正如，像...一样”,表示说话人的看法、态度；which常译为“这一点，这件事”，指前面整个主句的内容，对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明。

(2)as常用作一些实义动词的宾语；当从句的谓语动词是否定形式用which.(3)as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式；which在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的主动式。

(4)as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，之后或插在主句之中；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

moreorless大体上，或多或少get/behurt受伤knockinto撞在...上Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。归纳拓展定语从句练习6.Isitthereason_____youwerelate?7.October1stisthedate_____ChinacelebratesitsNationalDay.8.Wewalkedinagarden_____manytreesandflowershadbeenplanted.9.Thisistheisland_____Ilivedfortwoyears.10.2001-2005aretheyears_____Istudiedintheuniversity.whywhenwherewherewhenReadthepassageagainandunderlineallthesentenceswithattributiveclausesandthewordsorsentencestheymodify.1.Thisgiftwas

theAmberRoom,

whichwasgiven

thisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereused

tomakeit.2.Theamber

whichwasselected

hadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.2.Doing7.Thiswasatime

whenthetwocountrieswere

atwar.8.Thereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainfor,whichwasatthat

timeaGermancityontheBalticSea.9.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300th

birthdayoftheircity.Restrictive:2,6,7,9Non-restrictive:1,3,4,5,81.Hegavemeapen

heboughtyesterday.2.Hegavemeapen,whichheboughtyesterday.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可以省略。LookatthefollowingsentencesandtellthedifferencesoftheAttributiveClauses.DoingChoosethebestanswer.1. Doyourememberthedeerfarm

wevisitedtwomonthsago? A.whyB.whenC.thatD.how2. Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,wasreallyterrible. A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichCD3.PractisingChoosethebestanswer.1.Thedoctorwasveryimpolitetothepatient,______ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what2.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.which C.while D.why3.Idon’tlikecars______ownersparktooclosetome.A.whichB.who C.whose D.ofwhich

4.Self-testing4.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Such5.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.this6.CharlieChaplin,______childhoodwashard,beganactingattheageoffive.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.his7.Wearetalkingaboutasubject______theimportancehasn’tbeenrealized.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.whose8.Thescienceofmedicine,______progresshasbeenveryrapid,isperhapsthemostimportantofallthesciences.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.withwhichUnit2一般将来时的被动语态译：伦敦要举办2012年奥运会。

Londonwillhostthe2012OlympicGames.疑问句:

WillLondonhost.....................................?否定句：

Londonwillnot(won’t)host...................。反义疑问句：Londonwillhostthe2012OlympicGames,won’tit?被动语态：The2012OlympicGameswillbehosted.Step1Lead-in一般将来时的构成：shall/will+动词原形疑问句：把will/shall提到主语之前。

否定句：在will/shall后加not.反义疑问句：前肯，用won’t/shan’t+主语。前否，用will/shall+主语。一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be/get/become+动词的过去分词Step2初中语法复习及高中语法学习一般将来时的其他几种被动语态形式：

begoingtobedone(2)betobedone(3)含有情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+过去分词(4)有些说明主语的性质，属性的动词不用被动语态。

Step3拓展巩固练习：&.Wearetorepairthemachinetomorrow.&.I’llgettheworkdone.&.Hecandotheworkwell.&.这种水果很容易销售。&.Themachineistoberepaired(byus)tomorrow.&.Theworkwillgetdonebyme.&.Theworkcanbedonewellbyhim.&.Thefruitsellseasily.特殊句式：

if引导的条件状语从句和when引导的时间状语从句要遵循“主将从现”原则。Unit3现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态的构成：

have/hasbeendone(第三人称单数用has,第三人称复数及其余人称用have)

疑问句：把have/has提到主语之前。

否定句：在have/has后加not(haven’t/hasn’t)

反意疑问句：附加问句借助have/has.

Step1语法学习2.现在完成时及被动语态的标志：

sofarupto/tillnowbynowsince+从句

sincethenfor+一段时间

inthepasttwoyearsrecently/latelyalreadyyetHowlong...?

到目前为止+现在完成时自从...以来到现在直到现在从那时起在过去的两年里最近，近来已经仍然多长时间1.putoff推迟2.不定代词(all,something,anything,everything,someone.....)作主语，谓语动词用单数。Step2归纳Unit4现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时被动语态的构成：

be(am/is/are)+being+动词的过去分词

否定形式：在be(am/is/are)后加not,即：be(am/is/are)+not+being+过去分词

疑问形式：把be(am/is/are)移到句首并大写，句末加问号，即：be(am/is/are)+主语+being+过去分词

特殊疑问句形式：

(1)疑问词(作主语)+isbeing+过去分词+其他？

(2)疑问词(作定语)+复数名词+arebeing+过去分词+其他？

(3)疑问词+is(are)+主语+being+过去分词+其他?

Step1语法学习2.注意事项：

(1)当sell表示畅销时，不用被动语态。

(2)现在进行时不与时间段或表次数的状语连用。

(3)under/in+名词，也表示现在进行时的被动语态。

(4)进行时表示将来。Thedictionaryisbeingsoldwell.(改错）2.Theclockisbeingrepairedtwice.(改错）3.Thequestionisunderdiscussion.(句型转换）Step2练习Thedictionarysellswell.Theclockhasbeenrepairedtwice.Troduce介绍，引进alongwith/with/togetherwith/aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与前一个名词保持一致。eg:Healongwithhisstudents____thefilm.

Hisstudentsalongwithhe_____thefilm.A.likeB.likesBAStep3拓展被动语态练习题1.Howmanylanguageshavethebook______?A.translatedB.beentranslatedC.translatedintoD.beentranslatedinto2.Thechild_____byGrandmaWangalltheseyears.A.hastakencareofB.hastakencareC.hasbeentakencareofD.hasbeentakencare3.----Whatishappeninginthenewarea?----Newhouses_____recentlyoverthere.arebuiltB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt4.Allthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet..arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided6.----Howlong_____atthisjob?----since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed7.----_____thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold8.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt9.IknowMr.Brown;we____toeachotherataninternationalconference.A.areintroducedB.havebeenintroducedC.wereintroducedD.hadbeenintroduced10.Rainforests______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappear.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut11.Thearticle_____ChinesebycomradeLi.A.isgoingtotranslateintoB.isgoingtobetranslatedintoC.wasgoingtobetranslatedwithD.willtranslateinto12.hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose13.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.don’tkeep;willhavetoD.don’tkeep;haveto14.Oursportsmeetingwill____inafewweeks.A.taketheplaceB.behappenedC.beheld