高中英语 定语从句及经典练习(共41张)课件

Grammar定语从句句子成分简析:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补、主补）一个句子可以没有主语，但必须有谓语。没谓语不是句子。Vt./prep./adj.+宾语Be/link-v+表语定语修饰名词、代词状语修饰动词、形容词、或句子Wemademechairman.宾补Hewasmadechairman.主补句子做定语叫做定语从句（修饰主语、宾语、表语）。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,

whomwhose,

which,that

关系副词：when,

where，why定语从句的判定：必须有主句，然后主句中某个名词或代词带定语从句。

先行词在定语从句中一定可以替代关系词并做成分。（被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。）---可使用代入法来确定关系词----如果不能替代，则是同位语从句。whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman

(whom)

wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.

Thegirl

(whom)Icalledjustnow

isfromAmerica.

which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。

e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebook

which

hasjustbeenpublished.

that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.

They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.

※只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词或修饰先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)先行词有theonly,thevery,justthe,thelast修饰时，只用that。

d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用

that。.

e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

g)先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略)eg.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when,where,why

关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用，例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.

Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？※2)当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.※

3)当thefirsttime/thesecondtime/lasttime/everytime/eachtime作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.

例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone

例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone

答案：例1D，例2A

例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.

例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.限制性和非限制性定语从句

1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

Thisisthehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2.)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.

我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?as,which非限定性定语从句

由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As可放在句首，which只能在句中。

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.

(Whoever

可以用anyonewho

代替)

2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.

(what可以用allthat代替)what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything

Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.

Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.

2)who=thepersonthat

whoever=anyonewho

（错）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.

（错）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.

（对）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.

（对）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.

必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which或whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.（句中one为先行词）Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（句中students为先行词）②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.※1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:※

7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose____intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

____

wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it※10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows;mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which11.Heisoneofthestudents______neverlateforschool.A.whoisB.whoareC.thatisD.whomare12.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents_____neverlateforschool.A.whoisB.whoareC.thatareD.whomis

13.Isthisschool_____wearegoingtovisittoday?A.whereB.whichC.theoneD.there14.Isthistheschool____wearegoingtovisittoday?

A.whereB.whichC.theoneD.there15.Thisistheschool____wevisitedyesterday.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich16.Itistheschool___westudiedtogetherinthepast.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.atwhich17.Ididn’tknowthereason____hewaslate.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forthat

※18.Thereason_____hetoldyouisnottrue.A.thatB.forwhichC.whyD.forthat19.Iboughtahouse____windowsfacesouth.20.Iboughtahouse____thewindowsfacesouth.21.Iboughtahouse,thewindow___facesouth.

A.whoseB.ofwhomC.ofwhichD.whichACC※22.Thestreet______istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.what23.Thisistheroom__welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.whereC.atwhichD.that

BB※24.Heissuchakindperson____isrespectedbyallofus.25.Heissuchakindperson____heisrespectedbyallofus.26.Itisthesamepen___Ilostyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.as※27.___isknowntous