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小升初英语语法复习提纲一、名词可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则:.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,力口一es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries.以"f或fe"结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, po1icewoman-polieewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词:表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草,ice冰),抽象的名词(help帮助,music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如somewater),不能与不定冠词连用。写出下列各词的复数photo diary daydressthief yo-yo
teamanwomanbananabuschildfootsheepleaf(树叶)dishknifepenboybabymapcity boxbookclasseyeofficecarfox(狐狸)watchlibrarypearskirtshelfcinematomatotoothwifeEnglishmanmilkFrenchmanpostmanfamilymousepeople(人们)fishpeach_ juice water ricebrush paper
mango Japanese sandwichpolicemanwatermelon Chinesestrawberrymatch glass二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能:.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成:.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。注意:(我用am,你用are,三单is,复数are。).行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。注意:(当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。)一般现在时的变化:.be动词的变化。肯定句:主语+be+其它。 如:Heisaworker.他是工人。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。 Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)
如:Iamastudent.-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Mybikeisunderthetree.Isyourbikeunderthetree?Whereisyourbike?.行为动词的变化。肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:Ilikebread.Idon't1ikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:Heofterplaysfootball.Hedoesn'toftenplayfootball.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。(句首加助动词do,does)如:Ioftenplayfootball.-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:Shegoestoschoolbybike.-Doesshegotoschoolbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Shegoestoschoolbybike.Doesshegotoschoolbybike?Howdoesshegotoschool?动词+s的变化规则一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,力口一es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以“辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用am,is,are填空1.I aboy.youaboy?No,I not2.Thegirl_ Jack'ssister.3.Thedog— tallandfat.Themanwithbigeyesateacher.yourbrotherintheclassroom?Whereyourmother?Sheathome.Howyourfather?MikeandLiuTaoatschool.Whosedressthis?Whosesocksthey?Thatmyredskirt.WhoI?Thejeansonthedesk.Hereascarfforyou.Heresomesweatersforyou.TheblackglovesforSuYang.ThispairofglovesforYangLing.Thetwocupsofmilkforme.Someteaintheglass.GaoShan'sshirtoverthere.Mysister,snameNancy.ThisnotWangFang'spencil.DavidandHelenfromEngland?Thereagirlintheroom.Theresomeapplesonthetree.thereanykitesintheclassroom?thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?Theresomebreadontheplate.Thereaboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.You,heandIfromChina.三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DavidandTom(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Mike(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.rmstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.—Whatday(be)ittoday?—It'sSaturday.四、按照要求改写句子DavidwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)Helenlikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)
HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)JimcomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)TomandDavidlikegoingskating.(改为否定句)五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?Doeshelikesgoingfishing?Helikesplaygamesafterclass.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.Shedon,tdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、现在进行时.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(句中一般含有now,look,listen.).现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy..现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.Tomisnotreadingbooksinhisstudy..现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.IsTomreadingbooksinhisstudy?.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+一般疑问句?(注意:当划线部分包含谓语动词时,用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首,原划线处应加上doing)如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.IsTomreadingbooksinhisstudy?WhatisTomdoinginhisstudy?动词加ing的变化规则Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.IsTomreadingbooksinhisstudy?WhereisTomreadingbooks?.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhave.singdanceputseebuylovelivetakecome一getstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic.It's5o'clocknow.We(have)suppernow10.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换:Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3.1'mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)4.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:①begoingto+do;如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.②will+do. 如:Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won'to如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow,fIamnotgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.-*-1willnotgoswimmingtomorrow.四、一般疑问句:be动词或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.-*Areyougoingtogoswimmingtomorrow?Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow. yougoswimmingtomorrow?五、对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?)一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1问人。Who例如:Iamgoingtoschool. Tomwill go to school.Areyougoingtoschool? WillTom go to school?Who,sgoingtoschool? Whowill go to school?2^问干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Isyourfathergoingtowatcharacewithyouthisafternoon.?Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon?Myfatherwillwatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Willyourfatherwatcharacewithyouthisafternoon.?Whatwillyourfatherdowithyouthisafternoon?3、问什么时候oWhen.例如:Sheisgoingtoswimatnine.Shewillswimatnine.Isshegoingtoswimatnine?Willsheswimatnine?Whenisshegoingtoswim?Whenwillsheswim?六、同义句:begoingto=will(begoingto常指客观情况,will常指主观情况)Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.一、改句子。Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancygoingtogocamping.I'11goandjointhem.(改否定)Igojointhem.rmgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)meetatthebusstopat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问)sheafterschool?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.二、用所给词的适当形式填空。Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?It'sFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(do)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I (milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow.五、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn,t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren,t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn't+动词原形,如:Jimwenthomeyesterday.Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?WhatdidJimdoyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加一ed,如:stop-stopped.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied.不规则动词过去式:词义现在(原形)过去是am,is(be)was;是are(be)were;成为becomebecame开始beginbegan;弯曲bendbent;吹blowblew买buybought;能cancould ;捕捉catchcaught选择choosechose;来comecame ;切cutcut做do,doesdid;画drawdrew ;饮drinkdrank
吃eatate;感觉feelfelt;发现findfound飞flyflew;忘t己forgetforgot;得至!Jgetgot给givegave走gowent;成长growgrew;有have,hashad听hearheard;受伤hurthurt;保持keepkept知道knowknew;学习learnlearned,learnt允许,让letlet躺lielay;制造makemade;可以maymight意味meanmeant;会见meetmet ;必须mustmust放置putput;读readread ;骑、乘riderode响、鸣ringrang;跑runran ;说saysaid看见seesaw;将shallshould;唱歌singsang坐下sitsat;睡觉sleepslept;说speakspoke度过spendspent;扫sweepswept过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式is\amfly plant aredrinkplay go makedoesdance worry asktasteeat draw putthrowkick pass doBe动词的过去时练习(1)一、用be动词的适当形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型转换Itwasexciting.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: _Theywereinhispocket.否定句: —— 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: _Be动词的过去时练习(2)一、用be动词的适当形式填空IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday..TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.It.Children'sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.二、句型转换1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: 肯、否定回答: 行为动词的过去时练习(1)一、用行为动词的适当形式填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型转换SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: 行为动词的过去时练习(2)NameNo.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空I(watch)acartoononSaturday.Herfather.(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark,(go)you.(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymotherWhatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She
(find)abeautifulbutterfly.3.二、句型转换1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯、否定回答: 过去时综合练习(1)用动词的适当形式填空It(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday.Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.Helen(milk)acowonFriday.Shelikesnewspapers,butsheabookyesterday,(read)Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)Jim'smother(plant)treesjustnow.they(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they.I(watch)acartoononMonday.We(go)toschoolonSunday.过去时综合练习(2)用动词的适当形式填空1.IIMrWhite1.IIMrWhite(go)tohisofficebycar.
GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.Don*tthehouse.Mumityesterday,(clean)Whatyoujustnow?Isome housework,(do)They(make)akiteaweek ago.Iwant toapples.Butmydadall ofthemlastmonth, (pick)hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.WhatMikedoonthefarm?Hecows,(milk)六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习A、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除ow结尾),应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。(5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more如:beautiful-morebeautiful.不规则形容词比较级:good-betterB、副词的比较级.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如:Lilyranasslowasanoldwoman.(莉莉跑得像老太太一样慢)Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers.(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如:Lilydidnotrunasslowasanoldwoman.(莉莉跑得不像老太太那样慢)Theydidn'tpickasmanyapplesasthefarmers.(他们摘的苹果不如农民多)一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级oldyoungtalllongshortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegoodbeautifullowhighslowfastlateearlyfarwell二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:
Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Mary'shairisas(long)asLucy's.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she.Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls.Myeyesare(big)than(she)..Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?Whogetsup(early),TimorTom?thegirlsgetup(early)thantheboys?No,they.Jimruns(slow).ButBenruns(slow).Thechilddoesn't(write)as(fast)asthestudents.七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最靠近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。
6>and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What's+介词短语?Fillintheblankwith"have,has"or"thereis,thereare”Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.atelescopeonthedesk.He atape-recorder.abasketballintheplayground.Shesomedresses.They anicegarden.Whatdoyou?areading-roominthebuilding?WhatdoesMike ?anybooksinthebookcase?Myfatherastory-book.astory-bookonthetable.anyflowersinthevase?Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?Myparentssomenicepictures.somemapsonthewall.amapoftheworldonthewall.Davidatelescope.David,sfriendssometents.manychildrenonthehill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.Thereapictureandamaponthewall.Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.Fillintheblankwith"have,has”1.I anicepuppet.2.He agoodfriend.3.They _somemasks.4.We_someflowers.5.She _aduck.6.Myfather anewbike.7.Hermother_ avase.8.Ourteacher_ anEnglishbook.9.Ourteachers abasketball.10.Theirparents someblankets11.Nancy manyskirts.Davidsomejackets.Myfriendsafootball.What doyou?What doesMike?What doyourfriends?What doesHelen?Hisbrotherabasketball.Hersisteranicedoll.MissLianEnglishbook.八、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymine你,你们youyou你的,你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他(她,它)们theythem他(她,它)们的theirtheirs一.用所给词的适当形式填空Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig.(I)Thedressis.Giveitto.(she)Isthiswatch?(you)No,it'snot.(I)isJack.Look!Thosestampsare .(he)dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare?(you)Herearemanydolls,whichoneis? (she)Icanfindmytoy,butwhere's?(you)Showyourkite,OK?(they)IisMimi.Thesecakesare.(it)Arethesetickets?No,arenotaren'there.(they)Shallhavealookatthatclassroom?Thatisclassroom.(we)ismyaunt.Doyouknowjob?anurse.(she)Thatisnotcamera.isathome.(he)Whereare?Ican'tfind.Let'scallparents.(they)Don'ttouch.notacat,atiger!sisterisill.Pleasegoandget.(she)don,tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell.(we)
Somanydogs.Let*scount.(they)Ihavealovelybrother.isonly3.Ilikeverymuch.(he)MayIsitbeside?(you)Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon(it)Thegirlbehindisourfriend,(she)二、选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。1.Thisis(my/I)mother.3.(He1.Thisis(my/I)mother.3.(He/His)nameisMark.5.Excuse(me/my/I).7. (1/My)amBen.8.2.Nicetomeet(your/you).4.What's(she/her)name?6.Are(your/you)MissLi?/Her)ismysister.10.Howoldis(he/his)(She9.Fine,thank(your/you).三、单项选择。) 1.Myunclegaveanewbiketo,A.theirs B.they C.me D.I( ) 2.Thisisaphotooffamily.MayIhaveoneof?A.yours;my B.my;yoursC.your;myD.yours;mine( ) 3. Here'sapostcardforyou,Jim! -Oh, isfrom Mary.A.he B.it C.she D.it's( ) 4. TheyaskedsomequestionsEnglish.A.me;about B.I;about C.I;with D.me;with()5.Helpanswerthequestions.A.I B.my C.me D.mine)6.Thesearemybooks.Whereare
A.theirB.theirsC.myD.yourA.theirB.theirsC.myD.your四、改错Minewalletisonthebed.Thisisn'tMike'swatch,it'sher.Isthisyourteapot?No,it'stheirsteapot.Whosecombisit?It'sour.五、用适当的物主代词填空Thisis(my)book.(your)isinthebag.Theclassroomis(our) .Arethesewatches(her)?No.(her)watchesareathome.Theyaren't(his)teapots.Theyare(their).Thebigmirroris(his) .Thatisnot(my)comb.It*s(her).Isthiscalculator(your)?Thishairdryerisn'tmysister's.It's(my).六、根据中文提示,用代词的适当形式填空。Thereisanewdressfor(他的)sister.Thisis(我的)wallet.(我的)isred.3、(谁的)calculatorsarethese?(他们)are(我们的).4、Give(她)atoy,please.5、(你们的)eyesareblack.(你们)comefromJapan.6、TimandBillaretwins.(他们)arefromEngland.Show(他们)around(我们的)school.7、Givethebookto(我).8、Thesebooksare(他的).(他的)booksarenew.拓展提高:名词所有格:1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:⑴表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加'S。如:Childern'sDay(儿童节),mysister'sbook(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加'。如:Teachers'Day(教师节)⑶有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加's.如:today'snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes'break(十分钟的课间休息),China'spopulation(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).2、[注解]:①飞还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:myaunt's(我阿姨家),thedoctor's(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB's的形式,如:LucyandLilyrsbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词",称为双重所有格,如:afriendofmyfather1s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)短语翻译:.我的的爷爷2.杰姆的房间.我奶奶的钱包 4.那些学生的书5.这些工人的外套 _6.那些小孩的父母7.那些男人的帽子8.那间教室的窗户9.海伦的同学10.这些男孩的床11.汤姆的姑父12.我兄弟的钢笔 13.那些老师的书桌]4.这些医生的杯子15.那些女孩的座位 16.那些女人的自行车17.那些警察的裤子18.那个书包的颜色 缩略形式写出下列词的完全形式can'tI'daren'tthey're let,s_wasn,tthat*sdon,twhen'sdidn'tyou,redoesn,t he'sshe'sI'misn't I'veshouldn'trii who's 冠词1、冠词分类及读法:英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法:单独念时读[Ti:],在句子中常发[Ti](元音之前)或者[T□(辅音之前);1、不定冠词a/an的读法:单独念时读[ei]/[An];在句子中常发[[]/[[n]o2、不定冠词a/an的用法:不定冠词a/an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面;an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法:(1)表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:Thereisadoglyingontheground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2)表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:Aelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2)表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:HeisateacherofEnglish.(他是英语教师。)(4)表示"一”这个数量。如:Thereisatableandfourchairsinthatdining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)(5)几个用不定冠词的习语:abit(一点),alittle(一点),afew(几个),alot(许多),akindof(一种),apairof(一副、一双),anumberof(大量的),apieceof(一张、一片),halfanhour(半小时),haveagoodtime(玩得开心),haveacold(感冒),makeanoise(发出嘈杂声),have/takea(rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法:(1)表示特指的人或事物。如:ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Lookattheblackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)用在表示方位的名词前面。如:TherewillbestrongwindtothesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.(长江以南地区将会刮大风。)(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Whoisthefirstonetogo?(谁第一个去?)/Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)常用在乐器名称的前面。如:Hebegantoplaytheviolinattheageof5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayaMountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)(9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:HeisfromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(他来自美利坚合众国)(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same之前一般用the。如:LucyandLilylookthesame.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语:atthesametime(与此同时),makethebed(铺床),intheend(最后),allthetime(一直),bytheway(顺便说一下),ontheway(在路上)等等。4、一些不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:Chinaisaverylargecountry.(中国是个大国)/Manneedsairandwater.(人类需要空气和水)(2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:HewasbornonMonday,February18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一)/Theyusuallyplanttreesonthehillsinspring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4)(第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Menareclevererthanmonkeys.(人比猴子聪明)三餐饭前不用。如:Wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)节、假日前一般不用。如:OnChildren,sDaytheboysoftengetpresentsfromtheirparents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)球类名词前不用。如:ThechiIdrenplayfootballonSaturdayafternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:TheyarenowatPeople'sCinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴at/to/from/outof/after/forschool;(2)in/to/for/afterclass;(3)in/to/outof/intobed;(4)after/at/from/outof/towork;(5)at/tosea;(6)in/from/down/totown;(7)at/fromhome;(8)at/for/tobreakfast/lunch/supper;(9)atnight/noon/midnight;(10)onfoot;(11)gotoschool/bed;(12)ontopof;(13)infrontof;(14)onshow/display/duty/watch;(15)in/outofhospital;(16)atall;(17)on/intime;(18)atfirst/last/once;(19)inChinese/English,etc.;QO)takecareof介词:1、介词的主要用法:介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如:outof(从…中出来),awayfrom(距离…),nextto(在…隔壁),infrontof(在…前方)等。2、介词的分类表:(见下表)地点(位置、范围)介词:after在…后面,at在…处,before在...前,behind在...后,beside在...旁边,between在...之间,from来自...,in在...里面,near靠近...,on在...上面,outside在....外面,under在...下方,infrontof在...前,inthemiddleof在...的中间,atthebackof在...的后部,等等。方向(目标趋向)介词:along沿着...,around绕着...,at朝着...,down向…下,for向...,from从/离...,in进入...,into进入...,near接近...,off脱离/除...,outof向...外,outside向....夕卜,to向/朝...,up向...上,awayfrom远离...时间介词:about大约,after在…以后,at在…(时刻),before在…以前,for有…(之久),from从…(时)起,in在(上/下午);on在(某日),past过了…(时),to到(下一时刻),方式介词:as作为/当作...,by用/由/乘坐/被...,in用…(语言),like与 样,on骑(车)/徒(步),with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼),涉及介词:about关于..,in在(方面),of…的,有关..,to对…而言,with就…而言其它介词:【目的介词】for为了...,to为了…(比较介词】as与 •样,like象 -样,than比...,to与…相比少,【伴随/状态介词】at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),on在(值日),with与 1起,有/带着/长着...3、介词短语的句法作用:介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如:Themancame<downthestairs〉.(状)(那个人走下楼来)/Thewoman<withafloweronherhead>isfromthecountryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/Theteacherisnowwiththestudents.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)4、介词短语在句子中的位置:介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如:HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)/Theysearchedtheroomforthethief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)/Thelettersareforyou.(表语)(信是给你的)/Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)5、重要注释:⑴this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如:EveryyeartravellersfromabroadcometovisitPingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/Hehadabadcoldthatweek.(那个星期他患重感冒)⑵记住一些固定词组:onfoot(步行),atnight(在晚上),playwith(玩耍 ),lookoutof(朝…外面看),withone*shelp(在…的帮助下),lookafter(照料…),lookfor(寻找…),onabike(=bybike)骑车,helpsb.with(帮某人做…)等等。6、某些介词的用法辨析:⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时,in表示在某个范围之内,on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如:HewasbornonthemorningofMay10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/Iusuallygetupat7:00inthemorning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床)/Hisglassesarerightonhisnose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/Heisatthecinemaatthemoment.(此刻他正在电影院)⑵after与in表示时间的用法区别:"after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示"在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:Hesaidthathewouldbehereafter6:00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/MyfatheriscomingbackfromEnglandinaboutamonth.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)⑶by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用“某个具体的工具、手段。如:Weseewithoureyesandwalkwithourfeet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/Pleasewritethatarticle(文章)inEnglish.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/Let'sgotothezoobytaxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ItwaswrittenbyLaoShe.(那是老舍写的)(5)infrontof与inthefrontof:infrontof”在・••的前面”,与inthefrontof”在…的前部"。如:Acarwasparkinginfrontofthehall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/Inthefrontofthehallstoodabigdesk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台)用适当的介词填空:Tomistheboyglasses.PleasereadsomebooksChinesemedicine.Sheworksinthedayandhasarestnight.Myuncleworksafarm.MrBlackandYangLingaretalkingaparty.Shewantsbuyasweaterherdaughter.It'samapChina.Let'shavealookthepicture.What'sthatChinese?I'mClassOne.Thereisaclockthewalltheclassroom.Canyouseeanapplethetree?No,ButIcanseeabirdthetree.Thereisapursehere.Thereisaboatthelake.Therearemanykitesthesky.Whatclothesisshewearing?Sheisred.Canyouseetheboythebike?Thewomanayellowdressismymother.Whocanyouseethepicture?Who,sthemanyourmotherandfather
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