外研社英语高一升高二衔接教材

外研社英语高一升高二衔接教材0K版SEFC5EnglishMaterialsChapterOneRevisionofSEFC1—4一、语法主要涉及到的句法为复杂句中的状语从句(其中主要提到：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句)二、课本中具体语法知识点讲解(一)动词：分为谓语动词和非谓语动词I谓语动词是句子的“心脏”，在句子中谓语由不同的时态构成。“时态”就是谓语动词动作发生的时间和存在的状态(“时”为时间，“态”为状态)。时间： 1 1 1 过去(past)现在(present)将来(future)状态：进行/完成主要学习了一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时。.关系。例如：.表示两方面的的含义：a.过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且可能一直持续下去。b.过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响。(落脚点在现在，注意与一般过去时的区别).(a). 1 1 1-那时以前那时(过去)现在e.g.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhework.(b),注意过去完成时跟后面学的从句联系起来e.g.WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining(c).过去完成时还可用在hardly…whennosooner…than…，Itwasthe1st(2nd,etc)time(that)…(这是某人第几次干什么了)等固定句型中。e.g.Hardlyhadhebegantospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.（看笔记：这些半倒装句子还会变吗？？相似的还有否定含义的频度副词：never,hardly,rarely等；还有引导结果状语从句的so…that,such…that这些在放于句首时都用半倒装。）II.非谓语动词:三大类：todo,doing,done关于用法，两条黄金原则：a.非谓语动词不作谓语。b.过去分词（done）没有名词性功能（不作主语、宾1语）。主要考查todo,doing作宾语，doing,done作定语、状语1.todo,doing作宾语（1）后面跟todo作宾语的动词：hope,agree,dare,decide,determineIIbegin,start,refuse,prepare,offer||manage,try,aim,forget,remember\chooseIIseem,pretend,learn,love,hate（可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。）e.g.Weagreed_tomeet_herebutsofarshehasn,tturnedupyet.Shepretended_nottosee_mewhenIpassedby.（全国卷）（2）后面跟doing作宾语的动词giveup,enjoy,regret//insiston,practise,finish//putoff,avoid,mind（可记：”放弃”“享受”可"后悔”，”坚持”"练习”必”完成"，"延期”"避免”非“介意”动名介宾不能忘掌握它们你必明。）e.g.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?TheyarelookingforwardtoMary'scoming2.doing&done作定语（何为定语？“定” "界定、限定”，也就是修饰限定名词的，名词在句子中作主语宾语，所以定语修饰主语或宾语）作定语时，单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前；若是分词短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后e.g.runningwaterDoyouknowthethreechildrenwalkingtowardsus?brokenheart/Theheartbrokenbyhimisdead.3.doing&done作状语（何为状语来？“状” “状况”，也就是说明动作发生的状况，例如动作发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、造成的结果等。也就是在句子中修饰谓语动词）（还记得吗？现在分词作状语有“一个中心，两个基本点”。•个中心：句子前后的逻辑主语要一致。两个基本点是：•般式&完成式。）e.g.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.（为什么用现在式，会分析吗）Havingfinishedthehomework,hewenthome.（为什么用完成式，会分析吗）注意：1）无论作什么成分，todo一般表示将来，doing表示主动进行，done表示被动完成。2：例如上面例句：Doyouknowthethreechildrenwalkingtowardsus（会转化成定语从句吗）（会转化成状语从句吗？试试看）3）分词作定语和状语要学会跟with的复合结构联系起来。（自己看看笔记）（二）“帽子词”冠词“冠”者、“帽子”也，冠词也就是“帽子词”。到底是谁的帽子呢？是名词的帽子！也就是说冠词永远放在名词的前面，不能单独使用。在考试过程中，经常会考查定冠词和零冠词（不用冠词的地方）的用法。2.定冠词的常考用法.表示世界上独一无二的东西thesun,theearth,thecapital,thesky,theuniverse.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver（4）用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。ontheleft,intheeast/west,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded.TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable.弹奏国外乐器时，乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?2.零冠词的用法.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前China,America,John,.季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring,summer,,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDay(3)表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA..学科名词,球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess..在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar(bus,train,water,air,land)(三)形容词&副词(语言的美化师)I形容词1.倍数的表达法：①主语+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词+as②主语+be+倍数+比较级+than③主语+be+倍数+the+名词(size,width,length,height,depth…)+ofe.g.Myroomisthreetimesasbigashis•二Myroomisthreetimesthesizeofhis.=Myroomisthreetimesbiggerthanhis.2.e.g.Hebecametallerandtaller.e.g.1)Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。3II副词的用法.定义：副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。.分类1)时间副词：now,then,soon,today,sometimes,yesterday,tomorrow,ago等。e.g.WeareleavingforBeijingsoon.(注意位置)频度副词：often,always,usually,never,ever,seldom,rarely,frequently,occasionally等。e.g.Heseldomgoestothecinema.Hehadneverbeentherebefore.（否定副词位于句首呢？试着变化一下）程度副词：quite,so,little,much,very,rather,almost,nearly等。e.g.Hequitelikespopmusic.（五）状语从句（回忆1：从句=引导词+句子；XX从句就是“跟班句子”在大家庭里面起到XX作用。（认真看笔记，自己弄明白）（回忆2：老师说过，考查从句主要考查什么来？）状语从句，当然就是跟班句子在另一个大句子里面作状语。课本中主要讲解了时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句.I时间状语从句一引导词有哪几类，还记得吗？①when,while,as（学会区分辨别）②assoonas,themoment,hardly…when,nosooner…than（还记后两个怎么用吗？）③before,after（before往往翻译成什么？）④bythetime（注意前后时态对应）e.g.Bythetimetheygethere,we'llhavefinishedthework.（此时主句还可用将来时,还记得吗）Bythetimewegotthere,themoviehadbegun.H原因状语从句（动作发生的原因）引导词主要学习了哪几个？会区分吗？（看笔记）Because,as,since,for,nowthat（for跟其它几个有什么不同一-for虽然表原因，但引导的并不是原因状语从句，因为它是并列连词）III目的状语从句（动作的bl的）弓I导词：soasto,inorderto,sothatE.g.IworkedhardsoastoIcanpasstheexam.IV结果状语从句（动作造成的结果）引导词：sothat;such,,,that"如此。。。以至于“e.g.IworkedsohardthatIpassedtheexam.4注意：（l）为什么so后面要跟形容词、副词呢？such后要跟名次呢？（还记得吗，看笔记）so和such谓语句首的话呢？（半倒装，注意与前面所有半倒装的联系起来）SoharddidIworkthatIpassedtheexam.ChapterTwoPreviewofSixModulesModule1BritishandAmericanEnglishEnglishisthemostcommonlanguageintheearthvillage.知识详解Iparev.比较，匹敌，比喻；相比n.比较（回归课本P2）Prepositions,too,canbedifferent：compareontheteam,ontheweekend（American）withintheteam,attheweekend（British）.介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下ontheteam,ontheweekend（美式）和intheteam,attheweekend（英式）。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Don'tcompareyourdisadvantageswithothers,strongpoints.不要拿自己的缺点与别人的优势相比。②Walkingcan'tcomparewithflying,走不能和飞相提并论。③Comparedto/withhermother,sheistall.和她妈妈比较起来,她算是很高了④Thetwomenlookoverthepapers,comparenotesandmakeseveraltelephonecalls.两人浏览文书，商量了一番，打了几个电话。⑤ThosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.有大学学历的人在童年时代每周平均看不到两个小时的电视，相比较，没有大学学历的平均多于两个半小时。【即境活用】Michael*snewhouseislikeahugepalace,withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.comparedhisgradeswithArnold*s,Georgewasquitesatisfied.A.ComparedB.TocompareC.ComparingD.Comparediffervi.不同，相异（回归课本P2）Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.另外两个不同之处是拼写和发音。【归纳总结】differfrom=bedifferentfrom与 不同differin在 方面不同5differwith/fromsb.about/on/oversth.关于某事与某人意见不同【例句探源】①Theconditionsofourclassroomhavedifferedfromwhatyousawfiveyearsago.我们教室的条件已经与五年前你看到的情况大不一样了。②Thetwogirlsaresimilarinappearance,buttheydifferinvoiceanddisposition.这两个女孩在外表上相似，但声音与性格却不同。【即境活用】Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlysizeandshape.A.onB.fromC.byD.inTheyeachotherinthattheyarebothbareheadedwithsunglasses.A.differB.modifyC.resembleD.classifypresentvt.陈述，讲演；提出（观点，计划等）adj.在场的；出席的；现在的n.礼物；赠品；现在（回归课本P8）Presentyourideastotherestoftheclass.把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Therewereinall700studentspresentatthemeeting.总共有700名学生出席了这场会议。②ThecommitteewillpresentitsfinalreporttoParliamentinJune.委员会将于六月向议会提交最后的报告。【即境活用】Theworkerhisideastothemanagerveryclearly.A.preservedB.presentedC.providedD.supplied4.attemptv.试图，企图n.企图，努力，尝试(回归课本P9)CanyouseeanysimilaritiesbetweenWebster*sworkandattemptstosimplifyChinese?你能看出韦伯斯特的工作和尝试简化汉语之间的相似之处吗？【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Heattemptedtobecomeavolunteerforthe16thAsianGames,butfailedforhispoorEnglish.他曾试图成为一名第16届亚洲运动会的志愿者，但因英语差没能实现。②(牛津P110)Twofactorieswereclosedinanattempttocutcosts.为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。③Hisparentsmadeanattempttosendtheirsonabroadforfurthereducation.他父母曾试图送他出国深造。【易混辨析】attempt,try,manage6(l)attempt常含有希望成功，但并不一定取得预期的结果之意。(2)"y意为"尝试，试用”，含有通过各种方法，尽力把事情做好或达到目的之意。(3)manage强调成功做成了某事。managetodosth.=succeedindoingsth.o①Thecampaignhascertainlymanagedtoraisepublicawarenessoftheissue.②I'vetriedreallyhardbutIcan'tpersuadehimtocome.③Heattemptedajoke,butnoonelaughed.【即境活用】6.Shellyhadworkedhardforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitatherfirst.A.practiceB.riskC.attemptD.actTheyoungmanisbeingquestionedbythepoliceinrelationtothemurderlastnight.A.advisedB.attendedC.admittedD.attemptedhave...incommon有相同的特点（回归课本Pl）WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays,exceptofcourse,language.当然，除了语言外，如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。【归纳总结】commonn.共同点adj.大量的；类似的；通常的havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith与 有很多共同之处havenotmuch/nothing/littleincommonwith与 没多少/没有/很少有共同之处incommon共有；共用incommonwithsb./sth.与 样outof（the）common不寻常的becommonforsb.对某人来说是共有（同）的/常见的【例句探源】①Thisdishisverycommoninmyhometown.这道菜在我的家乡很常见。②Allthesecompanieshaveonethingincommon：theydealinsmal1,inexpensiveconsumeritems.所有这些公司都有个共同点：他们都经营廉价的小商品。【即境活用】In,thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.A.commonB.totalC.generalD.particularExpertswarnthatglobalwarmingwillcausedramaticclimatechangesincludingmorefloods,heatwavesanddroughts.A.frequentB.usualC.ordinaryD.common6.leadto引起，导致；通向；相连7（回归课本P3）ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.但是这也致使许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Thestreetleadsyoutothestation.你沿这条街走就可以到达车站。②（牛津P1146）Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。【即境活用】Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonlyviolence.A.runsintoB.comesfromC.leadstoD.beginswithIwastotheconclusionthateatingtoomuchfatcanheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.led；leadB.leading；leadtoC.leading；leadD.led；leadtomakeadifference有影响，使不相同（回归课本Pl）Itdoesn*tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.老师讲英国英语还是美国英语并没有太大的区别。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Idon'tthinkwhathesaidwillmakeanydifference.我认为他说的话不会起什么作用。②Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryouwillcomeornot.你来不来没什么区别。(3)Itmakesmuchdifferencetouswhetheryoucanfinishitontime,你是否能按时完成它与我们有很大的关系。【即境活用】Youcanaskhimagainifyoulike,butitwon,tmakeanyhe'11stillsayno.A.adjustmentB.differenceC.contributionD.decision—Tom,whatapity!Ialmostsucceededyesterday.—.Itoldyoutobecarefulbefore.A.OnefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifferenceB.Wherethere*slife,thereshopeC.NeverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotodayD.Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest句型梳理1.【教材原句】ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.(P2)伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话要比听懂纽约人说话更难。【句法分析】8(2)Thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难(3)(dosth.)without/withdifficulty毫不费力/费力地(做某事)(4)类似的句型有：①Ihavedifficulty(in)tellingthedifferencebetweenthetwinsisters.辨别这对双胞胎姐妹对我来说很困难。②Thereisnodifficultyforyouinbeingadmittedintoateachers*college.对你来讲，被一所师范学院录取没什么困难。③Withdifficulty,wehauleditupthestairs.我们费力地把它拖上了楼梯。【即境活用】.(高考上海卷)1hadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding.Youcanimaginethedifficultytheyhavesuchalargepopulation.A.fedB.tofeedC.feedingD.beenfed2.【教材原句】TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.(P2)英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略。【句法分析】where在此处引导的是地点状语从句。where引导的状语从句位置较为灵活。①Springsareveryshortwhereshe1ives.在她住的地方春天很短暂。©Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。③Wherethereisalife,thereishope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：(1)where引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词。(2)where引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。(4)在有些情况下，where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。④ThebookshopwhereIboughtthisbookisnotfarfromhere.我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。⑤Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.在有疑问的地方作一个记号。【即境活用】Aforestisusuallyfoundheavyrainfallisfrequent.A.thereB.whichC.becauseD.whereThelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainshewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who9Homework:1.WriteyourownpassageaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglish2.ListentoVOAandBBCModule2AJobWorthDoing知识详解1.offerv.（主动）提出（愿意做某事），提议，给予，提供n.出价，建议（回归课本P12）Thispersonhasofferedtodoajob—andmaynotbepaidfordoingit.此人主动去做一份工作——而且可能不要报酬。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Theyofferedhimaverygoodjobbutheturneditdown.他们给他提供了一■份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。②Theteacherofferedacomputertohisdaughterasapresentforherwedding.这位老师给他的女儿一台电脑当做结婚礼物。【易混辨析】offer,provide,supply（Doffer“提供”,侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。多用于：offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.（2）provide”供应，供给”,表示为应付某种需要而提供某物，所提供的东西一般是具体的事物，也可以是帮助、经验、机会、答案、例子等抽象的东西。一般用于：providesth.forsb.与providesb.withsth.（3）supply”补给，供给，提供”，只用于具体事物，侧重补充所需要的东西，有时可以与provide互换。经常用于：supplysth.tosb.或supplysb.withsth.o@Thefactorysuppliedauniformtoeachofitsworkers.②I'vebeenofferedajobinadvertising.③Theselettersshouldprovideuswithalltheinformationweneed.【即境活用】Talentedinskiing,hehashopesofbeingforthenationalteam.A.electedB.offeredC.hiredD.selectedYouonlyhalftheprice,howwouldthesellersellthejackettoyou?A.spentB.paidC.chargedD.offeredapplyv.申请；适用，应用；专心，集中精力(回归课本P15)Nowthinkofsomemorequestionstoaskpeopleapplyingforthesejobs.现在想出更多的问题来问申请这些工作的人们。【归纳总结】10(l)applyto适用于apply...to..,把 应用于 applytosb.forhelp请求某人帮助applyoneselfto...致力于 applyforajob申请工作(2)applicationn.请求，申请，申请表，应用；应用程序，应用软件applicantn.申请人【例句探源】①WhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.当萧失明后，他妻子建议他申领一个导盲犬。②Thenewtechnologyhasbeenappliedtomedicalexamination.这项新技术已被用于医学检查。③Youwillonlypassyourexamsifyoureallyapplyyourselftoyourstudy.你只有真正专心致志，考试才能及格。【即境活用】Thequestionsonthispartoftheformonlymarriedmen.A.appealtoB.applytoC.refertoD.sticktoPeterhasbeenoutofworkforhalfayear,sohewantstoajobinthiscompany.A.prepareforB.applyforC.superiortoD.objecttorequirev.需要,要求，命令（回归课本P18）SALESSTAFFrequiredinwell-knownclothesshop.【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Allthepassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。②Theteacherrequiredthatallthestudents（should）handintheirhomeworkbefore5p.m..老师要求全体同学于下午5点前上交作业。【即境活用】Itisintheregulationsthatyouotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.required；nottellB.hoped；nottel1C.required；nottotellD.hoped；nottotell完成句子Mymobilephoneatonce.=Mymobilephonetobe atonce.4.demandn.要求，需求；所需之处v.需要，要求（回归课本P19）Buttherewillalsobeariseinthedemandforhealthcareprofessionals.而对健康护理专家的需求也将会增长。【归纳总结】【例句探源】11①(牛津P530)Idemandtoseethemanager.我坚决要求见经理。②Thestudentsdemandanimmediatereplyof/fromtheheadmaster.学生们要求校长立刻答复。③HedemandsthatIshouldreturnhisbookbeforeFriday.他要我星期五前归还他的书。④HarryPotterisingreatdemandatthemoment.《哈利•波特》目前十分畅销。【易混辨析】demand,request,require,ask这四个动词均有“要求，请求”之意。(1)demand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。(2)request是正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。(3)require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。(4)ask属普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长晚辈、上下级之间都可使用。①Sheaskedthatsheshouldbekeptinformed.②Thewearingofseatbeltsisrequiredbylaw.③Allmembersoftheclubarerequestedtoattendtheannualmeeting.©ThePresidentdemandedthereleaseofthehostages.【即境活用】Theydemandedthatthebookstothelibraryatonce.A.returnB.shouldreturnC.bereturnedD.wouldbereturnedItwasdemandedthatweinourpapersbeforeFriday.A.handedB.handC.willhandD.havehandedhaveaneffecton对 产生影响ThislastexperiencehadaprofoundeffectonTimoteo.最后的这次经历对铁穆特欧产生了重大影响。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①HoldingtheOlympicGaineshasagoodeffectonthedevelopmentofChina.举办奥运会对中国的发展有很好的影响。②Themedicinefailedtotakeeffect.这药没见效。③Anewsystemoftaxationwillcomeintoeffect/bebroughtintoeffect.一种新的税制将要实行。【即境活用】Thetalkbetweentheheadteacherandmehadmucheffectmystudy.A.inB.onC.toD.atl210.完成句子Theheavysnowtrafficonthefreeway.这场大雪对高速公路的交通产生巨大影响。6.inresponseto作为 的回应（回归课本P⑻Iamwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforatemporarypositionasawaiter.【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Thefilmstarmadenoresponsetothequestionaskedbythatreporter.②Thelawwaspassedinresponsetopublicpressure.在公众压力下该法规获得通过。③Herespondedtohisboss,“IhavegivenJohnamonth'snotice.【即境活用】11.(江苏四市调研)Nowadays,manypeoplewalktoworkCopenhagenConferencecallingforlivingalow-carbonlifestyletocopewithglobalwarming.A.inrelationtoB.inresponsetoC.inadditiontoD.inoppositionto句型梳理.【教材原句】Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,onaverage,onevehiclecomesofftheroadeverytwoweeks.(P12)尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周就有一辆车驶出公路。【句法分析】此处although引导让步状语从句。注意此类从句中主句不用but,但可用yeto©Althoughhisbusinessissmall,(yet)hemakesgoodbread.他的生意规模虽小，收入可观。©Althoughsheisyoung,sheisveryindependent.虽然她很年轻，但是很有主见。【注意】although,though,as均可引导让步状语从句。although引导的从句只能用正常语序。as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。注意比较下面的说法：(V)Smartthough/assheis,shedoesn*tstudyhard.(V)Thoughsheissmart,shedoesn,tstudyhard.(V)Althoughsheissmart,shedoesn,tstudyhard.(X)Smartalthoughsheis,shedoesn,tstudyhard.【即境活用】13Wehadtowaithalfanhourwehadalreadybookedatable.A.sinceB.althoughC.untilD.beforeModule3AdventureinLiteratureandtheCinema知识详解1.accountn.叙述；描写;报道；账单，账户v.说明，解释（回归课本P21）atrueaccountofthepast对过去的真实描述【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Thetwoaccountsoftheaccidentdonotagree.有关这次事件的两篇报道不一致。②Wedelayedourdepartureonaccountofthebadweather.由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。③Weshouldalsotakeaccountofdifficulties.我们也应该考虑到困难。【即境活用】LindagaveusavividofhertriptoMountLushanafterherreturn.A.accountB.explanationC.imaginationD.direction2.（潍坊市模拟）Shewastoldtowearflatshoesherbackproblem.A.onaccountofB.regardlessofC.intermsofD.incaseofdisturbvt.弄乱；打乱；打扰；扰乱vi,扰乱“Whoisitdisturbingmeatthistimeofnight?”saidthecaptain.“深更半夜的是谁在打扰我？”船长问。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①IheardyoutalkingandIdidn'tliketodisturbyou,soIwentaway.②Thehostwasquiteannoyedwhenhefoundoutthathisbooksonthebookshelveshadbeendisturbed.（3）Alightwinddisturbedthesurfaceofthepond.微风使池塘水面泛起涟漪。【易混辨析】disturb,interruptdisturb指扰乱，搅乱，妨碍，干扰，还可表示使烦恼，使焦虑等。interrupt指插嘴，中断、打断（别人的讲话或行动等）。①Wehavetointerruptyou,becauseyourspeechhasgonebeyondthetimelimit.©CuttingdownrainforestsdisturbstheEarth,sbalance.【即境活用】Thequickriseinthepriceoffoodwillmakepeople,thatis9affectpeopleyslivingstandard.14A.disturbedB.fascinatedC.distinguishedD.interrupted解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意“食品价格的快速增长使人们焦虑不安，也就是说影响了人们的生活水平。"fascinated“入迷的”；distinguished"卓越的”：interrupted“中断的"。SheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnottothesleepingchiId.A.interruptB.botherC.disturbD.annoy3.warnvt.警告，告诫；预告，提醒（回归课本P29）“MarkTwain”,whichmeansawatermarktwo”,wasacal1usedbysailorsontheMississippitowarnshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.“马克•吐温”的意思是“水深二英尺”，这是密西西比河上的水手们使用的口号，用来警告正在进入浅水区（安全通行）的同船水手们。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Theleaderwarnedusoftheserioussituation.领导警告我们面临的严峻形势。②Iwarnyouagainstthatmanwhoislying.我劝你对那人提防点，他在撒谎。③Canyouwarnyourmotheryou,regoingtobebacklate?你能否事先告诉你妈妈说你准备晚点回去？④HewarnedBillytokeepawayfromhisdaughter.他警告比利离他女儿远点。⑤Shewaswarnedthatifshediditagainshewouldloseherjob.她被警告说如果她再这样做就会丢掉工作。【即境活用】Ihernottowalkonthethinicebutshewoundn*tlisten.A.suggestedB.hopedC.warnedTheweatherstationthatahurricanewascoining.A.expectedB.advisedC.warnedD.persuadedD.persuaded4.makeup编造；组成；占；和解；化妆，化装；补足，凑足；整理，收拾Idecidedtogotothenextvillageandmakeupastoryaboutthesteamboat.【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Sayingyou'resorrywon,tmakeupthedamageofbreakingthevase.②Itiscommonthatgirlsmakeupinpublic.女孩子在公共场所化妆是很普遍的事。③Theskyandseamakeupaharmoniouspicture.天空和大海构成一幅和谐的画面。④Wcneedanotherplayertomakeuptheteam.我们还需一位队员才能组成一支球队。⑤Doremembertomakeupyourbedbeforeyouleave.千万要记得在你离开之前整理好床铺。【即境活用】157・Don'tanyexcuseforyourfailingintheexamthistime.Wewon'tbelieveyou.A.putupB.showupC.makeupD.keepupWithoutmyglasses,Icouldn*twhetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight.A.makeoutB.makeupC.makeforD.makeoffsetoff出发，启程（=setout,setforth）；使爆炸；引起（突发的动作）；导致（突然的活动）Heleftschoolearly,andasanadolescent,determinedtomakehisfortuneinSouthAmerica,setofffromhishomeinHannibal,Missouri,forNewOrleans.他很早离开学校，青少年的时候，怀着到南美发财致富的决心，从密苏里州的汉尼拨出发去新奥尔良。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Theoldmanwantedtosetoffearlyinordertoavoidthetrafficjam.刃5位老人想早点出发以避开交通堵塞。②Dobecarefulwiththosefireworks；theslightestsparkcouldsetthemoff,千万要小心这些烟火,稍有火星就能引起爆炸。③Herjokesalwayssetmeofflaughing.她的笑话总是把我逗得哈哈大笑。【即境活用】Themomentweheardthenewsoftheearthquake,webegantotheworktorescuethosetrappedinthebuilding.A.setoffB.setdownC.setasideD.setabout10.（河北石家庄高中毕业班模拟）Afterthemeeting,Itowriteareportonournextterm*swork.A.setabout句型梳理L【教材原句】Itlooksasifit'11goundersoon...（P22）看起来好像很快就要下沉了……【句法分析】此处asif引导的从句为表语从句。asif还可弓I导方式状语从句。因从句中动作发生的可能性较大，故用陈述语气。©Wehavemissedthebus,itlooksasifwe'11havetowalk.我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们得步行了。②ItlooksasifyouhadagoodtimeinQingdao.看起来你在青岛好像玩得很高兴。③Mandyfeltasiftheywereallganginguponher.曼迪觉得他们好像在合伙对付她。B.setasideC.setoutD.setoff16【归纳总结】asif引导从句用虚拟语气的情况：当说话者认为句子所陈述的是不真实的或没有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气，形式如下：(1)从句动词在时间上与主句动词同时发生，从句动词用过去时。(2)从句动词在时间上比主句动词早发生，从句动词用haddonee(3)从句动词在时间上比主句动词晚发生，从句动词用wou1d/cou1d/might+doo④Shelovesthelittleboyasifhewereherownchild.她像母亲一样爱这个小男孩。⑤Heactedasifhehadneverdonesuchafoolishthing.他装得好像从没有做过这种傻事。【即境活用】wemovethepictureoverthere?Doyouthinkitwilllookbetter?A.IfonlyB.WhatifC.AsifD.EvenifThoughtheymetforthefirsttime,theytalkedtheyweregoodfriends.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.ifonly2.【教材原句】HearrivedinNewOrleanswithoutapennyinhispocketonlytofindthattherewerenoboatsforSouthAmerica.(P29)他身无分文地到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。【句法分析】在本句中。nlytofind...是不定式结构作结果状语的用法。另外，不定式结构所引导的结果状语常表示出人意料的结果，而v.-ing形式所引导的结果状语常表达自然结果。①Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.我匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已开走了。②Themanhurriedlyreturnedhome,onlytofindhehadlefthiskeyintheoffice.【即境活用】Fornearlythreehourswewaitedforthedecision,onlytocomeagainthenextday.A.totellB.tellingC.tobetoldModule4Carnival知识详解extendv.延长，延伸；扩大；伸出，伸展；给予，提供(回归课本P32)Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间长了，圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。13【归纳总结】D.beingtoldl7【例句探源】①Theschoolisextendingtherangeofsubjectstaught.学校正在拓宽授课学科的范围。②TheRiverNileextendsasfarastheLakeVictoria.尼罗河一直延伸至维多利亚湖。【易混辨析】expand,extend,spread,stretch(l)expand展开，扩大。不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend伸出，延伸。指空间范围的扩大以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。（3）spread伸开，传播。一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如：传播（疾病）、散布（信息）等。（4）stretch伸展，拉长。一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。①Thefiresoonspreadtothenearbybuildings.©Waterexpandswhenitfreezes.（3）Thecatstretchedoutinfrontofthefire.④ThehotweatherextendedtoOctober.【即境活用】Therailwaywillfurthertomyhometown.A.extendB.beextendedC.expandD.beexpanded2.（四川广汉金雁中学高考适应卷）Ithinkthecarwilltillwegettothevillage.A.extendoutB.goinforC.holdoutD.holduppretendvi.&vt.假装，装扮，谎称（回归课本P32）Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendtoberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret.普通人可以装阔佬和重要人物，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫的奇遇。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Shedidn'tlovehim,thoughshepretendedto.她并不爱他，尽管她装出爱的样子。②Thecandidatepretendedshehadworkedforanewspaperbefore.这位候选人佯称她以前在一家报社工作过。【即境活用】Whenthebosscamein,theworkerspretendedhardontheirmachines.A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedSheshedidn'tknowmewhenIpassedherinthestreet.A.praisedB.pretendedC.preparedD.preventedD.workingtraden.交易，贸易；买卖；行业，职业v.做买卖，进行贸易，做生意(回归课本P39)Whentheslavetradewasabolishedin1838theformerslavestookoverthecarnival.18当1838年奴隶贸易被废除时，昔日的奴隶们沿袭了狂欢节这一风俗。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Tradebetweenthetwocountrieshasincreased.两国之间的贸易增长了。(2)3Britainbuiltupherwealthbytradingwithothercountries.英国通过与其他国家做生意积累起本国的财富。③Hetradedhispenforaknifewithme.他用笔跟我换了一把刀。④Dohatradetalksbrokeupwithoutagreement.多哈贸易谈判宣告破裂。【即境活用】Vmawriterandlanguageisthetooloftrade.A.the；theB./；aC./；the4etoanend结束TheoriginalVenicecarnivalcametoanendabout200yearsago.最初的威尼斯狂欢节在大约200年前结束。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Thatjobcametoanendlastmonth.那项工作上个月完成了。②Howdoesthestorycometoanend?这个故事结局如何？【即境活用】Theconferencecomingtowithanagreement,allthepeoplefromeithersidecheeredwithjoy.A.theend；allB.theend；bothC.anend；allD.anend；bothD.a；aThesweatermysisterknittedformetwicethesizeitshouldhavebeen.Ithadtobekeptforlateruse.A.endedupB.broughtupC.cameupD.tookup5.dressup打扮；装饰（回归课本P31）Haveyoueverdressedupinspecialclothe玉你曾经用特别的服装来打扮过自己吗？【归纳总结】【例句探源】①Youneedn,tdressupandgoasyouare.你用不着穿讲究的衣服，就穿平时的衣服去吧。②Wedressed（ourselves）upforwedding.我们为婚礼而盛装打扮。③（牛津P610）Theboyswerealldressedupaspirates.这些男孩子都装扮成了海盗。【易混辨析】dress,wear,puton,haveon（l）dress表示动作。作及物动词时，应该说"dresssb./oneselfw,不能接表示衣服的名词；作不及物动词时，19尤指为特殊场合穿好衣服；bedressedin表示状态，相当于bein,后面可接表示衣服或颜色的名词。（2）wear表示状态，表示穿衣服（鞋子），戴首饰、眼镜、饰物等，留（发）、蓄（须），面露（某种表情）。其后也可接表示颜色的名词作宾语。（3）puton表示穿的动作，接衣服、鞋子等。（4）haveon表示状态，相当于bewearing；但haveon不能用被动语态，也不能用进行时。®Shedressedherbabyquickly.②Shehadaredjacketontheotherday.(3)Sheusuallyworeadiamondnecklace.④Hurryup!Putyourcoaton!【即境活用】warmlyifyou,regoingoutforawalk.A.PutonB.WearC.DressD.HaveonIt'sasmallinformalparty,youdon'thaveto.A.dressup句型梳理.【教材原句】Thinkofcarnival,andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.(P32)想起狂欢节，你自然就会想起拥挤的人群，节日的服饰及混乱的场景。【句法分析】在“祈使句+and+陈述句”这种句型中，祈使句表条件，与陈述句之间要用连接词，其连接词共分两类：第一类：and,andthen第二类：or,orelse,otherwise①Comeearly,andyou'11catchthefirstbus.早点来，你就能赶上第一班公共汽车。②Useyourhead,or(else)youwon,tfindaway.动动脑筋，否则，你就找不到办法。【注意】有时“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型中的祈使句可以被一个名词短语所替代。Onemoreword,andI'11knockyoufat.你再说一个字，我就把你摆平在地。【即境活用】10.(北京海淀区模拟)adiaryeverydayandyou*11improveyourwriting.A.KeepingB.TokeepC.KeepModule5ALifeinSport知识详解performvt.做；执行；履行；表演；正式进行；实施（某事）vi.表演；表现；（机器）运转（回归课本P42）Hewasdisappointedbecausehehadnotperformedwellinthe1988SeoulOlympics.他感到很失望，因为他在1988年的首尔奥运会上表现得不好。【归纳总结】【例句探源】D.IfyoukeepB.dressC.bedressedD.getdressed20①Theyoungdoctorperformedtheheartoperation.这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。②Ourteamperformedw