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MyShouldparentsberequiredtodevotetimetotheirchildren'sschool?Thespeakerholdapositiveattitude(providesapositiveanswertothisthornyproblem).WhileIfundamentallyagreewiththebasiccredoemanatedfromthestatement,namelythenecessityofparents'participationinschooleducation,Icannotendorsetheassertionwithoutreservationduetoitsrigidandsomewhatimpracticalsuggestion.perfectlymanageschooleducationand yAdmittedly,schooleducation,assomepeoplewhoopposetomystandpointmaypointout,ismoredutyofeducationexpertsandteachers,whodirectlyimpartknowledgeandedificationonstudents.Theyrightlyconsiderthatducation(education)expertsarewelltrainedinpedagogyandpsychology,asaresultofwhichtheycaninstructthestudentstoperfectlymanageschooleducationand yparents,especiallythosewithlowleveleducation(inferiorineducationlevels).Butthisassertionif(is)flawedinthatitignoressomedisadvantagesteachersandeducationexpertshavetoface.Forexample,teachersandexpertsareoflimitedenergyandtime,sotheyareimpossible(itisimpossibleforthem)topayenoughattentiontoallstudents,whichtosomeextentunderminesthe(qualityof)educationof(offeredto)somestudents,especiallythosewhoworkinactivelyandarenotsounderstanding(outstanding)enoughtoattractenough(sufficient)attention.However,thesestudentsmayusuallybemoredesperateforeducationalinstructionaladvidce(advice).Undoubtedly(Evenifitisgrantedthateducationexpertsandteachersareadeptineducationalpractice),parentsalsoplaycriticalroleinimprovingthequalityofschooleducationtheirchildrenreceive.Ifparentssparetimetotheirchildren'sschool,theyhavemoreopportunity(opportunities)tokeepintouchwithteachersandkeepintrackoftheacademicperformanceoftheirchildrenaccurayandtimely.Forexample,parentsmayknowfrom(beapprisedby)teachersthattheirchildrendidnothandinontime,orthereare(were)sharpdeclinesinstudents'testscores.With(awareof)theseinformation,parentscanassistteachersbysupervisingstudentstofinishandencouragestudentstoworkhardtocatchup.Iftheyhadnosuchchancesofcommunicatingwithteachers,theywould(might)bedeceivedbytheirchildren'sliesthattheyhadfinished(andpermitthemtoplaycomputergamesastheylike).Evenmoreimportant(importantly),intheinteractionofteachersandparents,(these)educationinstructorscanbeexposedtosomeimportantfactstheywouldotherwiseneglect.Forinstance,ateachermayfindastudentisunusuallyabsent-mindedonclassandbehavebadly(messup)inexaminations.Theymaythink(take)forgrantedthatthestudentsdonotmakeenougheffortsinlearning(thestudentisnotbrilliantanddiligentenoughsohedoesnotdeservemuchattention).Butifthestudent'sfathercaninformtheteacherofhisrecentdivorce,whichexertedsubstantialnegativeinfluenceonthechildandthrowhimintounmitigateddepression,theteachermaybemuchtolerantofthestudent'sbehaviorandtrytohelphimgooutofthedreary(getridoftheplight)withassistanceofhisfather.Therefore,theinteractionbetweenparentsandteacherscancompensateforthelimitsintheinformationtheygraspandthusfacilitatemoreefficienteducation.Sinceitisnaturalresponsibilityforparentstoprovidebettereducationfortheirchildrenandstrivetoenhancesomeessentialabilitiesoftheirchildren,itisreasonable(indispensable)forthemtocollaborateinschooleducation.However,weshouldnotonlyfocusontheadvantagesofthe mendationwhileneglectingsomecommoncasesinwhichthesuggestionisactuallyimpracticalandevencounterproductive.Sometimesparentsarebusywithworkorevenworkinremote(distant)citiessotheyareimpossibletodirectlyvolunteer(involve)inschooleducationatall.Insomeothercases,parents'interventionineducationmaydisruptandevenannoystudents,especiallywhenareunfortunayinteenrebellionperiods.Thesecircumstancesdemandmoretactandflexibilityintheformsofinteractionofparentsandschools.Forexample,schoolsmayaswellencourageparentstocontact(contactwith)themonthephone(byphone)orbyletters(byletter).Insum,(Onlywhenparents,schoolsandevencommunitiesmakecombinedeffortscanexcellenteducationbeachieved).Ifirmlybelievethatparentsshouldsparesometimetoparticipate(in)schooleducation,andschoolsaswellasparentsaresupposedtoemployflexiblemethodstofulfillthisaim.(Eventhougheducationexpertsandteachersareadeptineducationalpractice),parentsstillplaycriticalroleinimprovingthequalityofschooleducationtheirchildrenreceive.这里通过eventhough的方法来谈上一段However,weshouldnotonlyfocusontheadvantagesofthe mendationwhileneglectingcasesinwhichthesuggestionisactuallyimpracticalandevencounterproductive.这里补充通Therefore,theinteractionbetweenparentsandteacherscancompensateforthelimitsintheinformationtheygraspandthusfacilitatemoreefficienteducation.各段的意思总ThesecircumstancesdemandmoretactandflexibilityintheformsofinteractionofparentsandThespeakerprovidesapositiveanswertothisthornyperfectlymanageschooleducationandcompleyreplaceinferiorineducation itisimpossiblefor theyareimpossiblebeadeptkeepintouchwith/keepincontact keeptracksuperviseandurgebeapprisedof/beawarepermitto/allow掌握的信息theinformationtheymessupShouldtheThespeakerprovidesapositiveanswer.Ifundamentallyagreewiththebasiccredoemanatedfromtheassertion,butIcannotsupportitwithoutreservationdueAdmittedly,….,assomepeoplewhoopposetomyviewmaypointItthusseemstemptingtodrawaconclusion(fullyembracethejustificationof)that…….,butthisassertionisflawedinthatitignoressomeinevitabledisadvantages…..Ifweturnto…..,itisapparentHowever,weshouldnotmerelyfocusontheadvantagesof….whileignoringsomecommoncasesinwhich……impracticalandevencounterproductive.UndersuchInsum,onlywhen….makecombinedeffortsClaim:ernmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive.Reason:Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepandWritearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaimandthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.Shouldernmentsstrivetoensuretheprosperty(prosperity)ofthemajorcitieswithfinancialsupport(Shouldmajorcitiesinacountryobtainfinancialsupportfromtheernmenttoensuretheirprosperity?)?Thespeakeroffer(offers)apositiveanswers(answer)tothisthornyproblembecausehe/shethinkstheculturaltraditionsofanationareprimarilygeneratedandpinmajorcities.WhileIfundamentallydisagreewiththereasonhe/sheprovides,Isupporttheconclusive(constructive)suggestionforsomeotherreasonsandadditionallyIthinktheernmentsshouldprimarilyfosterabalanceddevelopmentofcitiesandruralareas.(WhileIfundamentallyagreewiththebasiccredoemanatedfromtheconstructivesuggestion,namelytheimportanceofmajorcities’boom,IcannotsupportitwithoutqualificationsinceIopposetothereasonthespeakerprovidesandIamdissatisfiedwiththepotentiallypartialreflectedintheassertionThereasonwhyIopposetothereasonprovidedbythespeakeristhatanation'sconventionsnotnecessarilygeneratedandpinitsmajorcities.Onthecontrary,mosttraditions,(inmyobservation),arecreatedandobservedinruralareas.ThisisevenmoretrueinthecaseofChina,(where)morethansevenhundredmillionpeopleactuallyresideinruralareas.ly,(inahistoricview),mostChinesecitieshaveevolvedfromrurals(contrysides)andmostconventions,especiallythosecherishedforhundredsyears,areactuallyborninruralareaswhichpredatestheevolved(developed)cities.Forexample,mostChinesetraditionalfestivalsareprimarilydesignedtooffersomebreaksandreliefstopeoplewhoarebusywithagriculturalworksalongtheyear(enablepeasantstoenjoyleisureandrefreshthemselvesafteryear-longagriculturallabororcelebrateagoodharvest).Secondly,manyconventionsarenowonlypinruralareassincemajorcitiesaremoresusceptibletoforeignculturesandtechonology(technology)reform(valuesystemchanges).Forinstance,manyernmentsforbidcitizes(citizens)fromsettingofffireworksto ethespringfestivaloutofenviromentprotectionconsideration(inordertopromoteenvironmentprotection,towhichareattachedincreaseimportance).Sothesetraditionslastingforthousandsofyearsarenowonlyobservedinruralareas.Therefore,manytraditionalcultures,especiallyinChina,aregeneratedandpinruralareasratherthaninmajorcities.Eventhoughmanyculturaltraditionsarenotformedandpinmajorcities,ernmentsshouldstillgivesomeprioritiestothedevelopmentofthesemetropolia(metropolises).Ontheonehand,thesemajorcitiesarethepolitic,economicandculturalcenter(centers)ofanation,whoseboom(booms)arecloselylinkedtotheoverwhelmingmajorityofcitizenslivinginthesecities.(Forexample,amoreprosperouscitymeansmorejobopportunitiesofferedtocitizens,morepublicfacilitiesconstructedtofacilitatepeople’slifeandmorecommoditiessoldtosatisfycitizens’desires.)Ontheotherhand,thesemajorcitiesarewindowsofinternationalexchangeandserveastherepresentationsofnationimage.Aboomingandcivilizedcitywillenhanceanation’sreputation,whiayattractmoreinternationalinvestorsandmoreculturalexchange.Therefore,topromotethedevelopmentofacitywithfinancialsupportisofsubstantialsignificancetoanation.However,ernmentsshouldnotpushthedevelopmentofcitiesattheexpenseofeconomicdevelopmentsofruralareas.Instead,ernmentsaresupposedtoofferfinancialaidstostimulatethedevelopmentofrurals(ruralareas),sincetheyarealsoimportantfortheoveralldevelopmentofanation.Foronereason,theruralareasbeartheresponsibilitytosupplyenoughfood,vegetablesandf(and)fruitsforcitizensincitiesandprovidecommercialcrops,whichareindispensiblerawmaterialsforindustriousmanufacturing.What'smore,peopleinruralareasarealsocitizensofthenation,whoarebornwithequalrightsaspeopleincities(tothoseofpeopleincities).Sotheyshouldnotbeignored.Inaddition,toprotectsomevaluableculturalconventions,asmentionedabove,ernmentsshouldpayattentiontofostertheculturalboominginruralareassincemanytraditionalcultures,ifnottheall,aregeneratedandp(p)inruralareas.Tosumup,ernmentsshouldnotonlysupplyfinancialsupporttomajorcitiesbutalsomakeeffortstofostertheeconomicandculturalprosperityofruralareas.Theultimategoalofernmentsistomakebalanceddevelopmentovertheirnationsandensureallcitizenscanleadafelicitouslife(livesofhighwelfareeintobeing/produce/bringRural Promote…developmentof;foster….theenablepeasantstoenjoyleisureandrefreshthemselvesafteryear-longForinstance,manyernmentsforbidcitizensfromsettingofffireworksto ethespringfestivalinordertopromoteenvironmentprotection,towhichareattachedincreaseimportance.givesomeprioritiestoensureallcitizenscanleadafelicitouslife(livesofhighwelfarestandards)ifnotthemostWhileIfundamentallyagreewiththebasiccredoemanatedfromtheconstructivesuggestion,IcannotsupportitwithoutqualificationsinceIopposetothereasonthespeakerprovidesandIamdissatisfiedwiththepotentialbiasedimpressionreflectedintheassertion不同意的duetothe‘allornothing’/potential dissatisfiedwiththeShouldanyscientificresearchwhoseconsequencesarenotsoobviousbefundedbyernments?Thespeakerprovidesanegativeanswertothisthornyquestion. hileIappreciatethebasiccredoemanatedfromhis/herargument,namelythenecessityofernmenttoassessconsequencesofscientificresearch,Ifundamentallydisagreewiththespeaker'ssuggestiontosomepotentialhazardofimplementingsuch Admittedly,therearesomegoodintentionsinthesuggestionthespeakeradvocatesanditisnecessaryforernmentsandresearcherstoprospectpotential esofresearchesbeingconducted.()Theseexpected esamounttotheresponsibilityofresearchers,whichimposetosomeextentpressureonthemandurgethemtomaketheirbesttopursuethescientificgoalssetinadvance.What'smore,theseexpected escanhelpernmentstoallocatefundsmoreefficiently.Inthislight,itislogicaltoconfessthatevaluatingtheresultsofscientificresearchesare(is)necessaryandbeneficialsinceitwillhelpimprovetheeffectiveofresearchesandeffiency(efficiency)offundsallocation.Butthisdoesnotmeanthaternmentsshouldnotsupportsomeresearchesofunclearconsequences.Actually,mostscientificexplorationsareprocessesfullofuncertaintywhichare(andare)nearlyimpossibletoleadtofully(absoluy)determinateconsequences.Thislargelydependsonhowtheworldruns.()Theworldoperateslikealargenet,inwhichinfinitefactorsaretwistedandconnectedwitheachother,whichmeanseveryfinalresultisinfactlinkedtomanyfactorsdirectlyorindirectly.Aparadigmaticexample(forthisview)isgeneengineering.Thefinalconsequenceisdeterminedmy(many)complexmechanism(mechanisms)inorgans,whiaygofarpeople'sexpectation(gofarhumans’comprehension).Youcannotaccuraypredictthefinalresultsunlessyoureallytransfersomechromosomesandgenesofonecertainspeciesintoanother.()Underthesecircumstances,however,ifernmentsstopfundingprogramswhoseconsequencesareobscureanduncertain,thenmostresearches,ifnotall,willinevitablybedividedintosuchauncertaingroupandlosefinancialsupports,whiayunfortunayimpedesthedevelopmentoftheseresearchesandrelaventdisciplins(relevantdisciplines).Thisisevenmoretrueinthecaseofsomeresearchesthatarehighlysophisticatedanddemandsinterdiscipline(interdisciplinary)knowledge,whichonthecontraryarethosemorelikelytomakegreatcontributionstotechonologyandsciencededvelopmentbutdemandslargeamountsoffunds.(theseresearches,however,aremostlikelytogiverisetogreatcontributionsandsignificantdiscoveriesbutaremostcostly/expensive)Consider,insomeothercommoncases,theresultsofsomeresearchesareuncertainbecausetheyaresubjecttohowhumansutilizethem.Forexample,peoplely(originally)researchonnuclearreactionstoinventsomeweapens(weapons)ofmassdestructiontodominatethecombatfields,whichposesthrets(threats)toworldpeaceandisthusnotdesirable.Butafterwards,humansbegintolearntomanipulatenuclearpowerandconstrcutneaclurepow(constructnuclearpower)station,supplyingabundantelectricityandlargelycurtailthepowergenerationcost.Inthesecases,ifthesuggestionprovidedbythespeakerarerigidlyfollowed,thensomepotentialhazardsmaybeeverted(averted)sincetheyarepreventeddueto(restrictedby)alackoffunds,butsomebenefits(advantageousopportunitiestoimprovepeople’slivingstandards)arealsounfortunaylost.Tosumup,ernmentsshouldnotmakefundingdecisionsmerelybasedonwhethertheconsequencesofaresearchis(are)clearornot.Toavoidtodeprive(depriving)thedeveloopportunitiesofresearchesofindeterminateresultsbutofgreatsignificance(someimportantresearcheswithindeterminateconsequences),perhaps(wecanfollow)amoreacceptablesuggestion(is)thaternmentsshouldmakejudgementsaccordingtothemeritsofascientificprogramandofferpartamoutsofmoney(onlyaportionofmoneyneededfortheprogramatthebeginning)needed.Theremainingfundsareallocatedbasedoninterminate(interim)resultsoftheseprograms.30min500完全地 thisisnottomean/say/deny gofarhumans’InterimExpectedThisisevenmoretrueinthecaseofsomeresearchesthatarehighlysophisticatedanddemandsinterdisciplineknowledge,whichonthecontraryarethosemorelikelytomakegreatcontributionstotechonologyandsciencededvelopmentbutdemandslargeamountsoffunds..(theseresearches,however,aremostlikelytogiverisetogreatcontributionsandsignificantdiscoveriesbutaremostcostly/expensive)namelythenecessityofernmenttoassessconsequencesofscientificresearch还是应该解说Admittedly,therearesomegoodintentionsinthesuggestionthespeakeradvocatesanditnecessaryforernmentsandresearcherstoprospectpotential esofresearchesbeing It’snecessary/advantageous/beneficialto……Aparadigmaticexample(forthisview)isInthislight,itislogicaltoconfessthat Butinthisopinionthereexistsanunderlyingassumptionthat……,whichseemscontradictoryandunreasonable.同意但是新观点Butthisdoesnotnecessarilymean大多数情况Butthisstatementisflawedinthatitignoressomesignificantbutfrequentcasesinwhich111.Inanyprofession—business,politics,education,ernment—thoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim.Indeveloandsupportingyourposition,besuretoaddressthemostcompellingreasonsand/orexamplesthatcouldbeusedtochallengeyourposition.Shouldthoseinpowerbeforcedtostepdownafterfiveyearsinanyprofession-business,politics,educationandernment?Thespeakeroffersapositiveansewer(answer)tothisthornyquestion.WhileIappreciatesomegoodintentionsreflectedinthisassertion,Ifundamentallyopposetothisargumentduetoitsliteral"allornothing"impression.Admittedly,thereissometruthtothisstatementanditisnecessaryforanyorganizationstoincorporatenewideasandnewenergytokeeptheirprogresses.(Surely)Newleadersmaybringorganizationsnewideas.Forexample,whenJobsreturn(returned)toApplehesimultaneouslybring(brought)backsomenewideaswhichecourage(encouraged)theorganizationtodevelopsomesuccessfulproductssuchasipod,ibook,ipadandsoon.Evenmoreimportantly,regularchange(s)ofleaderscanpreventautocracyandcorruption.Onthecontrary,leaderswho(haveseizedpower)seizepowerforalongtimemaytendtolaunonocraticleadershipforlackingawarenessofvitalizationandsenseofcrisis.OnparadigmaticexampleistheKimfamilyinNorthKorea.However,thereexistsashakyassumptionintheargument:newleadersarealwaysbetterthanoldleaders.Thespeakercertainlyignoressomeexceptionalbutfrequentpossibilities.Actually,althoughinmanycasesnewleadershipmeansnewideasandnewmethodstotackleproblems,thesenewnotionsarenotnecessarilymoreeffectivethat(than)thoseofoldleadership.Forexamaple(example),theJapaness(Japanese)economichasfallenintoliquiditytrapsincelatetwentith(twentieth)century.DespitethefrequentchangesofJapaneseprimeminister,theeconomicsituationdoesnotfundamentallyrestore.ItishardtosaythatnewleadersinJapanaremoreeffectivethanoldleaders.Onthecontrary,ifoldleadershaveadoptes(adopted)someexcellentpolicieswhichyettakelongtimetocometrue(achievefinalresults),thechangeofleadershipmayinfactimpedethegrowthofthegroup.Aparagimatic(compellingexample)istheriseofStalin.Thoughthe"neweconomic"policyadoptedbyLeninwasproventobehighlyeffective,Stalinsomehowabandonedthepolicyandterminatedthecontinualimprovementinpeople'slivingstandardsandlightindustries.Inthislight,newleadershipisnotasadvantageousasthespeakerAdditionally,the mendationprovidedbythespeakermayleadstosomeothernegativeconsequences.Thecompulsorychangesofleadershipinmanycasesarelikelytodistortthemotivationofleaders,whichrenderthemmoreawareofimmediateresultsofpoliciestheyadoptratherthan(than)long-termeffects.However,thisshortsightednessinmanycasesexertsextremelyunfavorableinfluencesonthesustainablegrowthofa(the)organization.(Forexample,toresolvetheproblemofernmentbudgetdeficit,theleadersmaychoosetoissuemorecurrencyratherthanreduceernmentexpensesorbettertherevenuestructure,sincetheformermeasurecanhaveimmediateeffectsalthoughitgivesrisetopotentiallong-terminflation.Butitdoesnotmatterbecausetheleaderhassteppeddownthen.Inthiscase,thecompulsorydemissionmaymakeleadersmoreirresponsibleforthefutureoftheirorganizations.)Moregenerally,perhapsthemosteffectivewaytoavoidthepotentialhazardofthemendationandmakebestofitsbenefitsistolauncha(an)electionofleadersatainterval.Anditisnecessarythatoldleadershavetherighttoparticipateintheelectionandtobereappointed.Inthiscase,newleadershaveopportunitiestoriseuptoejectnewenrgy(revitalizingenergyinto)totheorganizationandoldleadersarethusmotivatedtoperformbettertobecompetentenoughinelections.Itisuptotheelectoratestoselectthemostcompetent(qualified/capable)leadertopilottheirorganization.Ofcourse,theintervalisnotnecessarilyfive-yearbutshouldbesetappropriaygiventhedistinctionsof(different)Tosumup,whileIagreethatinsomecasesnewleadershipcanelevatea(an)organization(fosterthedevelopmentoftheorganization),Idonotsupportthatallleadersshouldsetdowninfiveyearsnomatterhowoutstandingtheyare.`answeranswer answeransweransweransweransweransweransweransweranswerEnergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyenergyEncourageencourageencourageencourageencourageencourageencourageencourageChangechangechangechangechangechangechangechangechangeencourageencourageEncourageencourageencourageencourageJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese ParadigmaticparadigmaticThereexists冠 究竟是a还是Ideanotionconcept modification复 instillinto impartto infuseinto indoctrinateintolead 有能力 capable eligible离职dimission abdicateresponsibility推诿责任先前的previous 模 例 aparadigmaticexample acompellingexample28.Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisrepresentednotbytheachievementsofitsrulers,artists,orscientists,butbyteralwelfareofitspeople.waysinwhichthestatementmightormightnotholdtrueandexplainhowtheseconsiderationsshapeyourposition.Whichrepresentes(represents)thesurestindicatorofthegreatnessofanation:theachievementsofitssocialeletes(elites)includingrulers,artistsandscientistsorthegeneralwelfareofitspeople?Thespeakerprefersthelatteroneandnegatestheformerone.WhileIfundamentallyappreciatethebasiccredoemanatedfromthestatement,namelythesignificantroleplayedbypeople'sgeneralwelfareinassessingthegreatnessofanation,Ithinkitisunreasonabletoneglecttheachievementsmadebyartists,rulers,orscientists.votetoforce sexacerbateAdmittedly,thegeneralwelfareofpeopleinanationisagoodindicatorofitsgreatness.Peoplemakeupnation,so(a)nationcanbegreatonlywhen(its)peoplepossessgreatwelfare.ly,onlywhenpeopleenjoysatisfactorysocialwelfarecantheyfocusontheirworktocreatemoresocialwealthandoffermoretaxestobuildthenation(ratherthanstrugglewiththefamineorindigence).Secondly,thehighwelfareofpeoplemakesthemsatisfiedwithsocialconditionssotheyarelesslikelytocommitcrimesandthesocietytendstobemorestable(andmoreharmonious).Thirdly,itiswhenpeoplehavesufficientwelfarethattheyarepossibletospareextramoneyorresourcestopubliccharitybywhichtheyimprovetheoverallcivilwelfareofthenation(therebybenefitingthenationasawhole).Onthecontrary,ifpeopleinmoderndemocraticsocietyarevotetoforce sexacerbateernment(ernment)and(its)rulerstostepdown.Evenworse,iftheextreme,thenationmaybe(on)aprecariousslopetowardsocialchaosorevencivilwar.Inthislight,itislogicaltoconsenttotheimportanceofpeople’sgeneralwelfare.Althoughitseemstemptingtoconcludethatthewelfareofpeopleisthesurestindicatorofagreatnation,wemayreachapresumptuousconclusionifweneglectmanycommoncasesinwhichtheachievementsmadebysocialeletes(elitespredominay)contributetothegreatnessofanation.Thehistoryisrepletewithsuchexamples.Forinstance,theacient(ancient)Egyptiswellknownforitssplendidartcreationsandmysteriouspyramids.Chinaiswidelyrecognizedforitsancientfourgreatinventionsandelegantancientpoems.AndtheOlympicgame(Games),classicoperasandrudimentarydemocraticideologymakethereputationofancientGreece.Alltheseareachievedbythesocialeletes(elites)suchasrulers,artistsandscientists.(Thisisevenmoretruewhenitcomestotheintensiveinternationalinfluencesandgoodimageofanation,theimportantfeaturesofagreatnation,sincetheyusuallydependlargelyontheperformancesofpoliticiansanddiplomatists.)Moregenerally,however,theachievementsofsocialeletes(elites)arenotnecessarilyatoddswithteralwelfareofpeopleinanation.Actually,thereexistsasomewhatsymbioticrelationshipbetweenthem.(Ontheonehand,)Theachievemtns(achievements)madebythesesocialfiguresalwaysdirectlyorindirectlyinfluence eralwelfareofpeople.Theartists'istofreepeople'simaginationandcreativity,inspirethesympatheticemotionsrootedinpeople'smindsandthusleadpeopletoappreciatethebeautyofhumanityandnature(andtoenjoygraciouslives).Scientistsstrivetolaunchtechniqueinnovationstoboostsocialproductivitysothatmorematerialwealthisproducedtobettersatisfypeople'sdemands.Rulersshouldertherespondibility(responsibilitytolead)ofleadingthenationonrightcourseandensuring(toensure)thesocialjustbywhichtheycreat(soastocreate)ademocraticandorderlyenvironmentwherepeoplecanenjoytheirrights.Also(Ontheotherhand),teralwelfareabundancetendtopushtheeletes(elites)tomakemoreachievements.(enablestheelitestofocusontheircareeraspirations,followingthesamelogicinthesecondparagraph.Andthewelfareimprovementsindicatethatpeoplehavemoreopportunitiestoreceiveeducationofhighquality||,whichpreparethemfortheircareerTosumup,itishastytoreachtheconclusionthattheteralwelfareisthesurestindicatorofagreatnationwhereastheachievementofsocialelets(elites)arenot.Perhapsamoreaccuratestatementisthattheyarebothconsequentialindicatorsinassessingthegreatnessofanation.代 charitableorganization 社会精 socialopposenegate 主 thesignificantroleplayedbypeople'sgeneralwelfareinassessingthegreatnessofanationmaybe(on)aprecariousslopetowardsocialchaosorevencivilwar. freepeople’simaginationandInspirethesympatheticemotionsdeeplyrootedinpeople’mindGuidepeopletoappreciatethebeautyofhumanityandnature Enablepeopletoleadgra