短文改错课件

短文改错高考复习短文改错高考复习1短文改错题出现在NMET试题的第二卷中，通常是150词左右的短文，属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。成为NMET试题中重要题型之一。它所考查的范围都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。它仍是历年高考NMET试卷失分率较高的题型。同学们在解短文改错题时，在通读全文，弄清文章主旨及体裁特点的基础上，应注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设出错考查。所以同学们应注意以下常见解题技巧。短文改错题出现在NMET试题的第二卷中，通常是150词左右的2一､“短文改错”题中的常见错误:(一)时态､语态方面的错误

这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态､主动语态与被动语态的误用｡做题时,应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态､语态的呼应规律｡一､“短文改错”题中的常见错误:(一)时态､语态方面的错3例如:1.(NMET2006)WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.2.(2006天津)Today,IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.3.(2006四川)Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread:“We’rehavingdinner...”4.(2006湖北)...sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.5.(2006陕西)I’llsendmyfriendCharlietomeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.6.(2006安徽)...butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.

hadadmitted去掉wasneededarrivepermitted例如:hadadmitted去掉wasneede4(二)主谓一致方面的错误

这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式的错误｡因此做题时,要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致｡(二)主谓一致方面的错误这类错误主要指主语是第三人5例如1.(2006四川)“Ijustwanttoknowwhatthesignsay.”2.(2006安徽)Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.3.(2006山西)HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.4.(2006山东)WhatmaysurpriseyouarethatI’mgoingto...sayswishesisis例如sayswishesisis6

(三)名词方面的错误

名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用,可数名词与不可数名词的错误,名词所有格中“‘s”的误置等｡

(三)名词方面的错误名词方面的错误多指名词单复数7例如:1.(NMET2006)Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.2.(2006四川)Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.3.(2006山东)...you’vebeensettleddowninBostonandaregettingusedtothelocalwaysoflife.4.(2006辽宁)...butshemarkedstrictlyonstudent’sactualperformance...5.(2006福建)Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.ideaskywayStudents’interest例如:ideaskywayStudents’interest8

(四)冠词方面的错误

这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用,a与an的误用｡有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词,不该用冠词的地方多了冠词｡(四)冠词方面的错误这类错误多指a(n)与the9例如:1.(NMET2006)AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.2.(2006辽宁)...thepopularteacherisatsametimetheonewhoshouldbestrictwith...3.(2006广东)Andifhebreaksthelawofsociety...,hemaygototheprison.4.(2006福建)...sowewillhaveplentyofsparetimetovisittheareaandhaveafun.5.(2006重庆)Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.

aballoonthesametheathecoming/∕∕

例如:aballoonthesametheathec10

(五)非谓语动词方面的错误

这类错误多指v-ing与动词不定式之间的误用,现在分词与过去分词之间的误用｡

(五)非谓语动词方面的错误这类错误多指v-ing11例如:1.(NMET2006)Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...2.(2006天津)Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.3.(2006福建)Howaboutjoinus?Thecampisatthefootofasmallhill.4.(2006陕西)I’llsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairport.keepingbecomejoiningtomeet例如:keepingbecomejoiningtomeet12短文改错课件13短文改错课件14

(六)连词方面的错误

这类错误多指and,so,or,but之间的误用;while与when,however与therefore之间的误用｡

(六)连词方面的错误这类错误多指and,so,15例如:1.(NMET2006)Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.2.(2006天津)Ibecameveryactivebutmadenewfriends.3.(2006重庆)Myhometownisaprettycity,sopeopletherearekindandpolite.4.(2006重庆)Whiletheyfindfishcometothesurface,theyflydownimmediately.5.(2006陕西)BothyourauntorIlookforwardtoseeingyouagain.6.(2006辽宁)Heandsheshouldmaketheclassveryactivebyjokingwiththestudents.ButandandWhenandor例如:ButandandWhenandor16(七)形容词､副词方面的错误

这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词,误用副词修饰名词,误用形容词修饰动词,误用形容词或副词的原级､比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等｡

(七)形容词､副词方面的错误这类错误多指误用形容词17例如:1.(NMET2006)Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.2.(2006天津)...youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention...3.(2006重庆)...theyflydownimmediateandcatchthemwithoutdelay.4.(2006江西)Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...5.(2006陕西)IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.6.(2006辽宁)Lastyear,myEnglishteacherprovedtobethemorepopularinourschool.7.(2006浙江)Ihopethatyouthinkaboutmyrequestandvisitusassoonaspossibly.8.(2006山东)Wecouldchataboutthegoodolderdays.latespecialimmediatelyclearparticularlymostpossibleold例如:latespecialimmediatelyclear18

(八)介词方面的错误

这类错误多指漏掉介词､多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等｡

(八)介词方面的错误这类错误多指漏掉介词､多用19例如:1.(NMET2006)ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprised...2.(NMET2006)Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.3.(2006重庆)Afterautumnarrives,thecitylooksasanoldmanwithleaves...4.(2006广东)...hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood,hisclothes...5.(2006四川)Onthefrontdoorstoodafive-year-oldboyfromacrossthestreet.6.(2006浙江)Couldyoushareyourexperienceforus?7.(2006安徽)Youarelimitedinacertainnumberofbooks.8.(2006湖北)Mymotherwasacareerwomanandhadherownproblemstotakecare.for∕∧inlike∧forAtwithto∧of例如:for∕∧inlike∧forAtwithto∧of20

(九)代词方面的错误

这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用,关系代词､连接代词的误用,代词主格与代词宾格的误用,代词单数与代词复数的误用,各个不定代词之间的误用,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用,代词的指代错误等｡(九)代词方面的错误这类错误主要包括形容词性物主211.(NMET2006)...thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.2.(2006重庆)Alotofwhitebirdscometomycityforfood.Icanwaitpatientlyabovetheseaforquitealong...3.(2006广东)Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,theywillgohungry.4.(2006安徽)Youmaykeepthebooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetofinishit.5.(NMET2006)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought...6.(2006天津)Onthefirstdayofcamp,youcameuptomyselfwhileIwassittingalone.7.(2006江西)...yourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfromme.8.(2006福建)Everybodysleepsintents,thatisveryexciting.theirTheyhethemmyselfmeminewhich1.(NMET2006)...thementh22二､解题技巧

要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成“四步走”,遵循“四原则”,实施“四查法”｡具体做法如下:

(一)分成“四步走”｡

1.通读全文,了解大意｡注意语篇结构和行文逻辑｡不能在不了解文章大意的情况下,逐字逐行地进行修改｡

2.先易后难,缩小范围｡在通读全文的过程中,可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正,然后再根据具体语境,仔细分析判断,将注意力集中在较难的句子上｡

二､解题技巧要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成23

3.把握句意,逐行判断｡可依据“动词形,名词数,注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别,习惯用法要记住;句子结构多分析,逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事｡

4.再次通读,复查验证｡把大部分错误改正之后,如果还有拿不准的地方,就应再次通读全文,并利用语感来作最后的判断｡

纵观近几年的“短文改错”题,正确的地方一般只有一处;多词和缺词的地方约有3处;用错词的地方一般有6个,且多为动词｡这种比例或许也能帮助你作出最后判断｡

3.把握句意,逐行判断｡可依据“动词形,名词数,注意形和24(二)遵循“四原则”｡

1.改动处以最少为原则

“短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处,改动的方法可以是增词､删词或换词,但无论作何种改动,只能是增加一词､减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词｡当然,没有错误的行无需改动｡也就是说,每行改动之处不能超过一个｡

(二)遵循“四原则”｡

1.改动处以最少为原则

252.虚词以添加或删除为原则

历年的“短文改错”题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有3至4处｡这些需要添､删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词､介词等),不是实词(如动词､名词等),否则会改变句子的原意｡例如:

①Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearly...(删去that)

②Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.(the前面加in)

2.虚词以添加或删除为原则

历年的“短文改错”题中需26

3.实词以改变词形为原则

在“短文改错”题中,一般只是改变实词的形式,而不能改变实词的词义,也不能将其改换成另一个实词,更不能随便增删｡例如:

①Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...(把keeps改为keeping)

②Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...(把clearly改为clear)

3.实词以改变词形为原则

在“短文改错”题中,一274.以保持句子原意不变为原则

做“短文改错”题时,一般不应改变句子原意｡改错时,应该针对短文中的用词错误､语法错误､逻辑错误加以改正,不应大幅度更改作者的原意｡4.以保持句子原意不变为原则

28(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡

考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误,还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词?该用何种限定词?尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况｡当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意｡例如:

(2006浙江)YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.(把knowledges改为knowledge)

(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡292.“语(态)”､“时(态)”俱进查动词｡

考生应认真分析动词时态､语态的使用是否正确｡尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息,仔细推敲,从而选用正确的动词时态形式｡例如:

(2006天津)IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIgobacktoschool...(把go改为went)

2.“语(态)”､“时(态)”俱进查动词｡303.启承转合查连词｡

若要使文章结构严谨,应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词｡这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅｡例如:

Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.(把So改为But)

3.启承转合查连词｡314.文通理顺查逻辑｡

“文通”指行文合乎英文词法､句法;“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理｡例如:

(NMET2006Ⅱ,80)Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.(把第二个up改为down)

总之,要想做好“短文改错”题,除了掌握上面讲的原则､做法､步骤之外,平时还要加强语言基础知识的学习,多做有针对性的训练｡4.文通理顺查逻辑｡32以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：一．见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。.1.Thedoctorsuggestedplentyoffood,restandexercising.2.ShewaseatinghersandwichanddrankhermilkatthetablewhenIarrived.二．见有比较结构，查是否有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。1.Therearemoretreesinvillagesthancities.2.Peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.3.Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.exercisedrinking∧inmo/re∧as以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：exercisedr33三．见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。.1.Ilikesinging,mybrotherlikesdancing.2.Aladycametothewindowwiththeballandshoutedattheboy,andheranaway.3.Mr.Lee’scompanypublishesbooksandbuysbooksallovertheworld.四．见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。1.Ialwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingawayandisreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.2.TomasksMaryifsheknowsthemanisspeakingtoher.3.HelivesinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.∧whilesosellswas∧whowhich三．见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致34五．见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。1.---Howmuchwasyourcar?---Iboughtthecaratacheapprice,only20000dollars.2.China’spopulationismorethananyothercountries’intheworld.六．见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。1.Differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguage.2.SomepeoplereadthebooksorwatchTV.3.Whatalovelyweatherwearehavingtoday!4.TheSmithsdidhisbesttohelpher.5.Ican’tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.lowlargerlanuagest/he/atheirme五．见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。4.The35七.见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、金钱作主语，togetherwith等引导的成分修饰主语等，查是否患有主语不一致病。1.SheaswellasherbrotherarefondofstudyingEnglish.2.About2000dollarshavebeenspentinbuyingnewdressforhisbeautifulwifethisyear.八.见有短语、词组，查是否患有固定结构中副词、介词或冠词使用不当病1.Whenhecameback,hefoundsomeonehadbrokeninhishouse.2.SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher.ishasintoa／七.见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词36九.见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚拟语气使用不当病。1.Hemademetopostaletterforhim.2.Don’tforgettakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehere.3.Isuggestedgotherewithhimafterwork.4.Heorderedthattheworkmustbestartedatonce.十.见有非谓语动词作状语，查是否患有逻辑主语或逻辑宾语使用不当病。1.Ifitheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.2.Theboxistooheavyforthelittleboytocarryit.3.Visitinghimyesterday,Ilentthisbook.t/o∧togoingshouldi/ti/twas∧lent九.见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚拟语气使用不当病。37下面以2005年高考试题说明。DearMr.Brown，Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.Beforeyou 76.________cametoteachus,IhadnotinterestinEnglish.My 77.________pronunciationwasterribly.Icouldonlyspeakafew 78.________words.Butoneandahalfyearlater.Inowthink 79.________Englishfuntolearn.Igotalotfromyourencouraging 80.________words.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyousaid,“if 81._________youtryto,youcanbeNo.l！”Ihopeyouhavehad 82._________pleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina 83._________againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagainandsend84._________youthephotoswetaketogether.85._________下面以2005年高考试题说明。38DearMr.Brown，Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp．Beforeyou76.for.cametoteachus,IhadnotinterestinEnglish.My77.nopronunciationwasterribly.Icouldonlyspeakafew78.terriblewords.Butoneandahalfyearlater.Inowthink 79.yearsEnglish∧funtolearn.Igotalotfromyourencouraging 80.∧iswords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyousaid,“if 81.∨youtryto,youcanbeNo.l!”Ihopeyouhavehad 82.to∧pleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina83.∧aagainsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagainandsend84.sometimeyouthephotoswetaketogether.

85.tookDearMr.Brown，39Thankyou!Thankyou!40短文改错高考复习短文改错高考复习41短文改错题出现在NMET试题的第二卷中，通常是150词左右的短文，属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。成为NMET试题中重要题型之一。它所考查的范围都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。它仍是历年高考NMET试卷失分率较高的题型。同学们在解短文改错题时，在通读全文，弄清文章主旨及体裁特点的基础上，应注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设出错考查。所以同学们应注意以下常见解题技巧。短文改错题出现在NMET试题的第二卷中，通常是150词左右的42一､“短文改错”题中的常见错误:(一)时态､语态方面的错误

这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态､主动语态与被动语态的误用｡做题时,应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态､语态的呼应规律｡一､“短文改错”题中的常见错误:(一)时态､语态方面的错43例如:1.(NMET2006)WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.2.(2006天津)Today,IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.3.(2006四川)Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread:“We’rehavingdinner...”4.(2006湖北)...sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.5.(2006陕西)I’llsendmyfriendCharlietomeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.6.(2006安徽)...butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.

hadadmitted去掉wasneededarrivepermitted例如:hadadmitted去掉wasneede44(二)主谓一致方面的错误

这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式的错误｡因此做题时,要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致｡(二)主谓一致方面的错误这类错误主要指主语是第三人45例如1.(2006四川)“Ijustwanttoknowwhatthesignsay.”2.(2006安徽)Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.3.(2006山西)HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.4.(2006山东)WhatmaysurpriseyouarethatI’mgoingto...sayswishesisis例如sayswishesisis46

(三)名词方面的错误

名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用,可数名词与不可数名词的错误,名词所有格中“‘s”的误置等｡

(三)名词方面的错误名词方面的错误多指名词单复数47例如:1.(NMET2006)Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.2.(2006四川)Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.3.(2006山东)...you’vebeensettleddowninBostonandaregettingusedtothelocalwaysoflife.4.(2006辽宁)...butshemarkedstrictlyonstudent’sactualperformance...5.(2006福建)Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.ideaskywayStudents’interest例如:ideaskywayStudents’interest48

(四)冠词方面的错误

这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用,a与an的误用｡有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词,不该用冠词的地方多了冠词｡(四)冠词方面的错误这类错误多指a(n)与the49例如:1.(NMET2006)AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.2.(2006辽宁)...thepopularteacherisatsametimetheonewhoshouldbestrictwith...3.(2006广东)Andifhebreaksthelawofsociety...,hemaygototheprison.4.(2006福建)...sowewillhaveplentyofsparetimetovisittheareaandhaveafun.5.(2006重庆)Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.

aballoonthesametheathecoming/∕∕

例如:aballoonthesametheathec50

(五)非谓语动词方面的错误

这类错误多指v-ing与动词不定式之间的误用,现在分词与过去分词之间的误用｡

(五)非谓语动词方面的错误这类错误多指v-ing51例如:1.(NMET2006)Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...2.(2006天津)Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.3.(2006福建)Howaboutjoinus?Thecampisatthefootofasmallhill.4.(2006陕西)I’llsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairport.keepingbecomejoiningtomeet例如:keepingbecomejoiningtomeet52短文改错课件53短文改错课件54

(六)连词方面的错误

这类错误多指and,so,or,but之间的误用;while与when,however与therefore之间的误用｡

(六)连词方面的错误这类错误多指and,so,55例如:1.(NMET2006)Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.2.(2006天津)Ibecameveryactivebutmadenewfriends.3.(2006重庆)Myhometownisaprettycity,sopeopletherearekindandpolite.4.(2006重庆)Whiletheyfindfishcometothesurface,theyflydownimmediately.5.(2006陕西)BothyourauntorIlookforwardtoseeingyouagain.6.(2006辽宁)Heandsheshouldmaketheclassveryactivebyjokingwiththestudents.ButandandWhenandor例如:ButandandWhenandor56(七)形容词､副词方面的错误

这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词,误用副词修饰名词,误用形容词修饰动词,误用形容词或副词的原级､比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等｡

(七)形容词､副词方面的错误这类错误多指误用形容词57例如:1.(NMET2006)Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.2.(2006天津)...youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention...3.(2006重庆)...theyflydownimmediateandcatchthemwithoutdelay.4.(2006江西)Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...5.(2006陕西)IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.6.(2006辽宁)Lastyear,myEnglishteacherprovedtobethemorepopularinourschool.7.(2006浙江)Ihopethatyouthinkaboutmyrequestandvisitusassoonaspossibly.8.(2006山东)Wecouldchataboutthegoodolderdays.latespecialimmediatelyclearparticularlymostpossibleold例如:latespecialimmediatelyclear58

(八)介词方面的错误

这类错误多指漏掉介词､多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等｡

(八)介词方面的错误这类错误多指漏掉介词､多用59例如:1.(NMET2006)ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprised...2.(NMET2006)Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.3.(2006重庆)Afterautumnarrives,thecitylooksasanoldmanwithleaves...4.(2006广东)...hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood,hisclothes...5.(2006四川)Onthefrontdoorstoodafive-year-oldboyfromacrossthestreet.6.(2006浙江)Couldyoushareyourexperienceforus?7.(2006安徽)Youarelimitedinacertainnumberofbooks.8.(2006湖北)Mymotherwasacareerwomanandhadherownproblemstotakecare.for∕∧inlike∧forAtwithto∧of例如:for∕∧inlike∧forAtwithto∧of60

(九)代词方面的错误

这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用,关系代词､连接代词的误用,代词主格与代词宾格的误用,代词单数与代词复数的误用,各个不定代词之间的误用,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用,代词的指代错误等｡(九)代词方面的错误这类错误主要包括形容词性物主611.(NMET2006)...thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.2.(2006重庆)Alotofwhitebirdscometomycityforfood.Icanwaitpatientlyabovetheseaforquitealong...3.(2006广东)Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,theywillgohungry.4.(2006安徽)Youmaykeepthebooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetofinishit.5.(NMET2006)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought...6.(2006天津)Onthefirstdayofcamp,youcameuptomyselfwhileIwassittingalone.7.(2006江西)...yourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfromme.8.(2006福建)Everybodysleepsintents,thatisveryexciting.theirTheyhethemmyselfmeminewhich1.(NMET2006)...thementh62二､解题技巧

要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成“四步走”,遵循“四原则”,实施“四查法”｡具体做法如下:

(一)分成“四步走”｡

1.通读全文,了解大意｡注意语篇结构和行文逻辑｡不能在不了解文章大意的情况下,逐字逐行地进行修改｡

2.先易后难,缩小范围｡在通读全文的过程中,可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正,然后再根据具体语境,仔细分析判断,将注意力集中在较难的句子上｡

二､解题技巧要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成63

3.把握句意,逐行判断｡可依据“动词形,名词数,注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别,习惯用法要记住;句子结构多分析,逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事｡

4.再次通读,复查验证｡把大部分错误改正之后,如果还有拿不准的地方,就应再次通读全文,并利用语感来作最后的判断｡

纵观近几年的“短文改错”题,正确的地方一般只有一处;多词和缺词的地方约有3处;用错词的地方一般有6个,且多为动词｡这种比例或许也能帮助你作出最后判断｡

3.把握句意,逐行判断｡可依据“动词形,名词数,注意形和64(二)遵循“四原则”｡

1.改动处以最少为原则

“短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处,改动的方法可以是增词､删词或换词,但无论作何种改动,只能是增加一词､减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词｡当然,没有错误的行无需改动｡也就是说,每行改动之处不能超过一个｡

(二)遵循“四原则”｡

1.改动处以最少为原则

652.虚词以添加或删除为原则

历年的“短文改错”题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有3至4处｡这些需要添､删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词､介词等),不是实词(如动词､名词等),否则会改变句子的原意｡例如:

①Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearly...(删去that)

②Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.(the前面加in)

2.虚词以添加或删除为原则

历年的“短文改错”题中需66

3.实词以改变词形为原则

在“短文改错”题中,一般只是改变实词的形式,而不能改变实词的词义,也不能将其改换成另一个实词,更不能随便增删｡例如:

①Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...(把keeps改为keeping)

②Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...(把clearly改为clear)

3.实词以改变词形为原则

在“短文改错”题中,一674.以保持句子原意不变为原则

做“短文改错”题时,一般不应改变句子原意｡改错时,应该针对短文中的用词错误､语法错误､逻辑错误加以改正,不应大幅度更改作者的原意｡4.以保持句子原意不变为原则

68(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡

考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误,还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词?该用何种限定词?尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况｡当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意｡例如:

(2006浙江)YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.(把knowledges改为knowledge)

(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡692.“语(态)”､“时(态)”俱进查动词｡

考生应认真分析动词时态､语态的使用是否正确｡尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息,仔细推敲,从而选用正确的动词时态形式｡例如:

(2006天津)IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIgobacktoschool...(把go改为went)

2.“语(态)”､“时(态)”俱进查动词｡703.启承转合查连词｡

若要使文章结构严谨,应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词｡这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅｡例如:

Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.(把So改为But)

3.启承转合查连词｡714.文通理顺查逻辑｡

“文通”指行文合乎英文词法､句法;“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理｡例如:

(NMET2006Ⅱ,80)Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.(把第二个up改为down)

总之,要想做好“短文改错”题,除了掌握上面讲的原则､做法､步骤之外,平时还要加强语言基础知识的学习,多做有针对性的训练｡4.文通理顺查逻辑｡72以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：一．见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。.1.Thedoctorsuggestedplentyoffood,restandexercising.2.ShewaseatinghersandwichanddrankhermilkatthetablewhenIarrived.二．见有比较结构，查是否有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。1.Therearemoretreesinvillagesthancities.2.Peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.3.Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.exercisedrinking∧inmo/re∧as以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：exercisedr73三．见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。.1.Ilikesinging,mybrotherlikesdancing.2.Aladycametothewindowwiththeballandshoutedattheboy,andheranaway.3.Mr.Lee’scompanypublishesbooksandbuysbooksallovertheworld.四．见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。1.Ialwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingawayandisreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.2.TomasksMaryifsheknowsthemanisspeakingtoher.3.HelivesinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.∧whilesosellswas∧whowhich三．见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致74五．见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。1.---Howmuchwasyourcar?---Iboughtthecaratacheapprice,only20000dollars.2.China’spopulationismorethananyothercountries’intheworld.六．见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。1.Differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguage.2.SomepeoplereadthebooksorwatchTV.3.Whatalovelyweatherwearehavingtoday!4.TheSmithsdidhisbesttohelpher.5.Ican