被动语态高考复习课件

被动语态复习被动语态复习1一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。

被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。一、被动语态的定义：2

二、各种时态的被动语态构成

1）一般现在时：2）一般过去时：3）一般将来时：Youarerequiredtodothis.Thestorywastoldbyher.

Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.You34）现在进行时：5）过去进行时：6）现在完成时：7)情态动词：

Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.

Thenewroadwasbeingmade.Thenovelhasbeenread.

Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.4）现在进行时：4现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态被动语态的构成一般式一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行式现在进行时过去进行时完成式现在完成时过去完成时被动语态的构成be(am，is，are)toldbe(was，were)toldshall/willbetoldshould/wouldbetoldbe(am，is，are)beingtoldbe(was，were)beingtoldhave/hasbeentoldhadbeentold现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态被动语态的构成一般式51.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词1.Theymakeshoesinthat62.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词2.Theyboughttencompu73．LingFeng

cantakegoodcareof

Polly

．Polly

canbetakengoodcareof

byLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词3．LingFengcantakegoodcare84.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词4.Theywillfinishtheworkin95.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词5.106．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymore117．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：

S+was/were+being+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat12PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换：(一)主动句与被动句的转换当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被13Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.

昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。

Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；Peoplebelievethatheisanh143.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家从不听他的话。表示被动意义的主动句：Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸上去很柔软。Ripeapplespickeasily.熟了的苹果容易摘下来。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).3.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。Theyhavenev15语态转换(Givethestudentssomeminutestodiscuss)1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.2.Shegaveme

abook.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomebyher.口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)语态转换(Givethestudentssomemi163.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)4.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。3.Hemademedothework.Iwas17有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示“开始18

四、何时使用被动语态呢？

一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。四、何时使用被动语态呢？19三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时20四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。21五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：22

五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？232.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：243.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态254.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，265.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：27PracticePractice28先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句

1．PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina．2．Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句293．Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow．4．Wehavemadetwentymorebeds．5．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight．3．Someworkersarepaintingth30一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek．（变被动）WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek．TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek．（加上了to，有的也加for）一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，31Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.Mummademeanewdress.Iwas32

间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾33二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（变被动）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

二、Myparentsmademewaterall34这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这35ExercisesExercises361.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin373.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl385.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon397.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees409.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus4110.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu4212.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo4314.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem14.Thestudentsinthisschool4416.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（变为主动语态）______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak16.Someonemusthelpmemovea4518.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned18.Thetractorwasn’tdriveno4620.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone20.Whatcantheydotofinish4721.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_________________________the________________thenewmedicine.didn’tmakeanyofchildrentry21.Noneofthechildrenwerem48将下列句子改为被动语态1．Wesweeptheflooreveryday．2．Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning．

3．Hegavemeabookyesterday．巩固练习将下列句子改为被动语态巩固练习494．Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman．5．Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom．6．Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor？7．Imadehimworktwohourseveryday．4．Thenursestakecareofthe508．ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow．9．WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords．10．Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground.

8．ClassOnewillhelpthefarm51将下列句子改为主动语态1Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？2．Hewasgivenapenbymeyesterday．3．Childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof．

将下列句子改为主动语态524．Thetreesmustbeputintheholebythem．

5．Thecarisnotbeingrepairedbyhernow．

6.Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?4．Thetreesmustbeputinthe53再见再见54被动语态复习被动语态复习55一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。

被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。一、被动语态的定义：56

二、各种时态的被动语态构成

1）一般现在时：2）一般过去时：3）一般将来时：Youarerequiredtodothis.Thestorywastoldbyher.

Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.You574）现在进行时：5）过去进行时：6）现在完成时：7)情态动词：

Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.

Thenewroadwasbeingmade.Thenovelhasbeenread.

Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.4）现在进行时：58现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态被动语态的构成一般式一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行式现在进行时过去进行时完成式现在完成时过去完成时被动语态的构成be(am，is，are)toldbe(was，were)toldshall/willbetoldshould/wouldbetoldbe(am，is，are)beingtoldbe(was，were)beingtoldhave/hasbeentoldhadbeentold现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态被动语态的构成一般式591.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词1.Theymakeshoesinthat602.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词2.Theyboughttencompu613．LingFeng

cantakegoodcareof

Polly

．Polly

canbetakengoodcareof

byLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词3．LingFengcantakegoodcare624.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词4.Theywillfinishtheworkin635.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词5.646．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymore657．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：

S+was/were+being+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat66PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换：(一)主动句与被动句的转换当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被67Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.

昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。

Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；Peoplebelievethatheisanh683.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家从不听他的话。表示被动意义的主动句：Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸上去很柔软。Ripeapplespickeasily.熟了的苹果容易摘下来。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).3.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。Theyhavenev69语态转换(Givethestudentssomeminutestodiscuss)1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.2.Shegaveme

abook.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomebyher.口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)语态转换(Givethestudentssomemi703.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)4.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。3.Hemademedothework.Iwas71有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示“开始72

四、何时使用被动语态呢？

一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。四、何时使用被动语态呢？73三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时74四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。75五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：76

五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？772.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：783.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态794.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，805.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：81PracticePractice82先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句

1．PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina．2．Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句833．Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow．4．Wehavemadetwentymorebeds．5．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight．3．Someworkersarepaintingth84一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek．（变被动）WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek．TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek．（加上了to，有的也加for）一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，85Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.Mummademeanewdress.Iwas86

间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾87二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（变被动）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

二、Myparentsmademewaterall88这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这89ExercisesExercises901.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin913.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl925.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon937.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees949.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus9510.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu9612.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbe