定语从句经典课件

TheAttributiveClause定语从句讲解TheGreatWallTheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworld.Thereisalwaysasaying,“HewhodoesnotreachTheGreatWall

isnotatrueman.”不到长城非好汉。

1.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。Enjoysomeproverbs:

HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词ThestructureoftheAttributiveClause:关系代词

引导定语从句的词Relativewords(关系词)relativepronouns(关系代词)

that,

who,

whom,whose,

which,asrelativeadverbs(关系副词)

when,

where,why

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词关系词指代充当成分关系代词that人或物主（宾）（表）which物主（宾）who人主（宾）whom人宾whose人或物定语关系副词where地点状when时间why原因【典题自测】1.(2012·安徽高考)Alotoflanguagelearning,_______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this2.（2012·陕西高考）Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_______hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what【解析】选C。考查定语从句中关系词的选择。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛了,这让我们大家都很惊讶。分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句,排除A项和D项(that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what只能引导名词性从句)；又因为定语从句中缺主语,所以排除B项；C项which可引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的内容,翻译为“这,这一点”。所以C项符合题意。5.(2012·重庆高考)Salesdirectorisaposition_______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。被修饰的词position是先行词,它是一个抽象的地点状语,应用where引导。which和that在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when在定语从句中作时间状语。故选D。7.（2012·山东高考）Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_______havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what【解析】选C。考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：玛丽亚已经写了两部小说,它们都被拍摄成电视连续剧了。分析句子结构可知novels是定语从句的先行词,指物时引导词要用that或which,又因为介词of后面不能接that来引导定语从句,此处的非限制性定语从句只能用which来引导；them与what都不能作定语从句的引导词,故排除。根据以上分析可知选C。9.(2012·天津高考)IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我永远不会走这么远。分析题干可知“without______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar”为定语从句修饰先行词ProfessorSmith,并且涉及了“介词+whose+名词”结构,其相当于“withouthishelp”,故选B。10.（2012·浙江高考）Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家,由于某种原因,他从社会退隐了。考查非限制性定语从句,Ellen是先行词,在从句中作主语。解题时,先把插入语forsomereason去掉。故选B。【考点归纳】一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.which与that引导定语从句的区别。先行词是物时,关系代词which,that充当主语或宾语的异同：在限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语时,关系代词which,that一般可以互换,作宾语时还可以省略。（1）that用于下列情况:①先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词；②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰；③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；④先行词被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是),thelast修饰；⑤先行词中既有人又有物；⑥在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;⑦先行词是theway,并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系代词用that或省略或用inwhich;⑧在限制性定语从句中,关系代词在从句中作表语时。2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。3.其他关系代词的用法。Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen

ShenzhouⅨwassentupintospace.我永远不会忘记“神舟”九号发射升空的那一天。Thisisthevillagewhereweworkedtenyearsago.这就是我们十年前工作过的那个村庄。Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?你知道他缺席的原因吗？2.“介词+关系代词”结构介词选用的三原则。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。3.fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.我们站在山顶上,从那儿我们可以看见这个城镇。(3)so/such...as引导定语从句,as为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,而so/such...that...引导结果状语从句,that为连词,在状语从句中不作成分。Thestonewassoheavyasnoonecouldmove.（as引导定语从句,as在从句中作move的宾语）Thestonewassoheavythatnoonecouldmoveit.（so...that...引导结果状语从句,move的宾语是it）四、特殊定语从句Greatchangesaroundustakeplacebeforeoureyeseverydaytowhichwepaylittleattention.（分隔式定语从句,先行词greatchanges与定语从句towhichwepaylittleattention分隔）Wemustbelieveinourselves,which,inmyopinion,isthemostimportantinourlife.（插入式定语从句,关系代词which与从句其他成分之间有插入语inmyopinion）【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同的角度认识自己的环境中对他们有好处。先行词是situation,代入定语从句后为：theycanseethemselvesdifferentlyinthesituation。由此可以看出先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。2.(2012·银川一模)Bobisinahopelesssituation,_______wewillkeepaverycloseeyeon.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when【易错分析】本题易误选B。一看到situation,就受思维定势的影响误用where。【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：鲍勃陷入了绝望的境地,这一点我们要密切注意。非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语,故用which。where和when均为关系副词,在定语从句中分别作地点状语和时间状语；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3.(2012·太原模拟)—Icanneverforgettheday_______wespenttogetherinthesummercamp.—Well,especiallytheday_______itsuddenlybegantoraininthemiddleofthenight.A.when;whenB.which;when C.what;thatD.onwhich;when【易错分析】本题易误选A或D。以为先行词是theday,定语从句中就一定使用关系副词when或onwhich来引导。【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：——我永远不会忘记我们在夏令营一起度过的日子。——尤其是那天午夜突然下雨的时候。本题两空都引导定语从句,第一空在从句中作spend的宾语,用that/which；第二空在从句中作状语,用when。【思路点拨】(1)解答此类题目的关键是分清定语从句的句子成分,看看定语从句中缺少主语、宾语还是状语。(2)当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等时,后面的定语从句的使用有两种情况：①当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时用which或that引导；②当定语从句不缺少主语或宾语时用where引导。We’llseeacasewherethemusiccouldcurepeople.我们将会看到音乐能治愈疾病的情况。Thecasethat/whichsheexplainedwascommon.她解释的情况是常见的。(3)表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句的主语、宾语或表语时,应用that或which,作宾语时which或that可以省略。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithmyteacher.我永远不会忘记和老师在一起度过的那些日子。5._______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【易错分析】本题易误选A或D。以为it为形式主语,而误选A。实际上,如果选A,题干需改为：_______isreportedinthenewspapersthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.;如果选D项,那么题干又该改为_______isreportedinthenewspapersisthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.。【解析】选B。句意：正如报纸上报道的那样,两国间的会谈正在取得进展。as引导位于句首的非限制性定语从句,指代主句talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress的内容。6.—WheredidyouwatchthenationalflagbeingraisedlastMondaymorning?—Itwasonthesquare_______weflewkitessometimes.A.whichB.thatC.towhichD.where【易错分析】本题易误选B。以为是强调句型,但实际上答语是省略句,省略了强调句的that部分,完整的句