(完整版)英语语言学练习题(含答案)

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.20.ThedistinctionbetweencompeteneeandperformaneewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.n.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.Chomskydefines“competeneeastheidealuser'oftherulesofhislanguage.22.Languereferstothealinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.23.Disoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.24.Languageisasystemofavocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds.26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasagbasis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.27.Preferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasalinguistics.29.Languageispinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthesstudyoflanguage.ID.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because.A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowritingB.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyedC.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD.Alloftheabove35.AhistoricalstudyofIanguageisastudyofIanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative36.Saussuretooka(n)viewofIanguage,whileChomskylooksatIanguagefromapointofview.A.sociological…psychologicalB.psychological…sociologicalC.applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemem-bersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performaneeC.langueD.Language38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconneetionbetweenandmeanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled,A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough,ratherthanbyinstinct.A.learningB.teachingC.booksD.bothAandBIV.Definethefollowingterms:41.Linguistics42.Phonology43.Syntax44.Pragmatics45.Psycholinguistics46.Language47.Phonetics48.Morphology49.Semantics50.Sociolinguistics51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness53.Productivity54.Displacement55.Duality56.DesignFeatures57.Competenee58.Performanee59.Langue60.ParoleSuggestedanswerstosupplementaryexercises:I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:I.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.FII.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.Fn.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.knowledge22.abstract23.Duality24.arbitrary25.syntax26.genetic27.Pductive30.scientific(orsystematic)ID.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.31.C32.D33.C34.D35.B36.A37.C38.B39.A40.DIV.Definethefollowingterms:41.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42.Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.43.Syntax:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.44.Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.45.Psycholinguistics:ThestudyofIanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.46.Language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47.Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48.Morphology:Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49.Semantics:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50.Sociolinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.51.Appliedlinguistics:Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.52.arbitrariness:Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds53.Productivity:Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.54.Displacement:Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker55.Duality:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,or