心理学专业术语

电报式语言一telegraphicspeech差异减缩法differencereduction倒推workingbackward自由意志freewill本能instinct驱力drive驱力减低说drivereductionth.原级与次级动机一primary&secondaryM.下视丘侧部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus下视丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialHCCK胆囊调节激素第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic自我效能期望一self-efficiencyexpectancy内在（发）动机一intrinsicmotive夕卜在（衍）动机一extrinsicmotive成就需求N.achievement需求层级一hierarchyofneeds自我实现selfactualization冲突conflict多项仪polygraph肤电反应电报式语言一telegraphicspeech差异减缩法differencereduction倒推workingbackward自由意志freewill本能instinct驱力drive驱力减低说drivereductionth.原级与次级动机一primary&secondaryM.下视丘侧部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus下视丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialHCCK胆囊调节激素第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic自我效能期望一self-efficiencyexpectancy内在（发）动机一intrinsicmotive夕卜在（衍）动机一extrinsicmotive成就需求N.achievement需求层级一hierarchyofneeds自我实现selfactualization冲突conflict多项仪polygraph肤电反应GSRappraisal）脸部回馈假说facialfeedbackhypothesisarousal挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggressionhy.learning（认知）评估（cognitive（生理）激发替代学习vicarious定点论setpointth.第一性征primarysexcharacteristic发展development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（视觉）偏好法preferentialmethod习惯法habituation视觉悬崖visualcliff剥夺或丰富（环境）deprivationorenrichmentofenv.基模schema同化assimilation调适accommodation平衡equilibrium感觉动作期sensorimotorstage物体永久性objectivepermanence运思前期preoperationalst.保留概念conservation道德现实主义moralrealism具体运思期concreteoperational

形式运思期formaloperationalst.前俗例道德pre-conventionalmoral俗例道德conventionalmoral超俗例道德post-conventionalmoral气质temperament依附attachment性别认定genderidentity性别配合sextyping性蕾期phallicstage恋亲冲突一Oedipalconflict认同identification社会学习sociallearning情结complex性别恒定genderconstancy青年期adolescence青春期---puberty第二性征secondarysexcharacteristics认同危机identitycrisis定向统合identityachievement早闭型统合foreclosure未定型统合moratorium迷失型统合identitydiffusion临床心理学家-clinicalpsychologist人因工程humanfactorengineering潜意识unconsciousness感觉sensation实验法experimentalmethod依变项dependentV.生理physiology学习learning发展development人格临床心理学家-clinicalpsychologist人因工程humanfactorengineering潜意识unconsciousness感觉sensation实验法experimentalmethod依变项dependentV.生理physiology学习learning发展development人格personality受试（者）subject条件化conditioning比较心理学comparativepsy.社会心理学socialpsy.心理计量学一psychometrics心理分析psychoanalysis心理生物观psycho-biological实验者预期效应一experimenterexpectancyeffect双盲法double一blind相关correlation访谈interview观察observation纹理递变度texturegradient物体的组群groupingofobject形象-背景figure-ground相似律similarity连续律continuity错觉illusion恒常性constancy形状shape单眼线索monocularcue双眼线索binocularcue调节作用accommodation双眼融合binocularfusion双眼像差binoculardisparity自动效应autokineticeffect诱发运动inducedmotion实地实验fieldexperiment调查survey个案研究casestudy心理测验psychologicaltest注意attention型态辨识一patternrecognition接近律proximity闭合律closure对称律symmetry幻觉delusion大小size位置location线性透视----1inear-perspective深度depth重迭superposition辐辏作用convergence向度dimension运动视差motionparallax闪光运动stroboscopicmotion人工智能一模板匹配artificialintelligence.—template丰富性redundancy无意识的推论-unconsciousinferences特征侦测器一featuredetector抑制性inhibitory由上而下处理一up-downprocess连结者模式connectionistmodel脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia上下文、脉络-context脉络关系作用-contexteffectmatching整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis选择性selective运动后效motionaftereffect激发性excitatory几何子geons由下而上处理bottom-upprocess联结失识症associativeagnosia意识改变状态alteredstatesofconsciousness前意识preconsciousness边缘注意意识一conscious(ness)无意识unconsciousness内省法introspectionperipheralattention多重人格multiplepersonality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应一lunchline(cocktailparty)effect自动化历程automaticprocess解离认同失常dissociativeidentity解离dissociate失眠insomnia心理活动性psychoactive戒断withdrawaldisorder快速眼动睡眠——REMdream非快速眼动睡眠一NREMdream神志清醒的梦luciddreaming显性与隐性梦manifest&laterncontent冥想meditation抗药性tolerance物质滥用substanceabuse物质依赖sub.dependence兴奋剂--stimulant镇定剂sedative,酒精中毒引起谵妄一deliriumtremens感觉剥夺sensorydeprivation成瘾physicaladdiction戒断症状withdrawalsymptom幻觉(迷幻)剂hallucinogen催眠抑制剂一depressant麻醉剂narcotichypnosis人工智能一模板匹配artificialintelligence.—template丰富性redundancy无意识的推论-unconsciousinferences特征侦测器一featuredetector抑制性inhibitory由上而下处理一up-downprocess连结者模式connectionistmodel脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia意识改变状态alteredstatesofconsciousness前意识preconsciousness边缘注意解离认同失常dissociativeidentity失眠insomnia心理活动性psychoactive戒断withdrawal物质滥用substanceabuse物质依赖sub.dependence兴奋剂--stimulant镇定剂sedative,酒精中毒引起谵妄一deliriumtremens催眠receptor绝对阈absolutethreshold恰辨差JND心理物理psychophysical频率frequency音频pitch倍音overtone音色timbre鼓膜eardrum卵形窗一ovalwindow前庭vestibularsacsfixedratio（interval）scheduleFR或FIstimulus非制约反应一（UR）unconditionedR.制约反应（CR）conditionedR.增强作用reinforcement自（发性）然恢复spontaneousrecovery同时制约--simultaneousconditioning痕迹制约traceconditioning类化（梯度）generalization（gradient）（次级）增强物（secondary）reinforcer试误学习trialanderrorlearning正（负）性增强物一positive（negative）rei.循序渐进successiveapproximation部分（连续）增强一partial（continuous）R半规管semicircularcanals水晶体lens瞳孔pupil睫状肌ciliarymuscle脊髓spinalcord脑干brainstemPET-—正子放射断层摄影延脑fixedratio（interval）scheduleFR或FIstimulus非制约反应一（UR）unconditionedR.制约反应（CR）conditionedR.增强作用reinforcement自（发性）然恢复spontaneousrecovery同时制约--simultaneousconditioning痕迹制约traceconditioning类化（梯度）generalization（gradient）（次级）增强物（secondary）reinforcer试误学习trialanderrorlearning正（负）性增强物一positive（negative）rei.循序渐进successiveapproximation部分（连续）增强一partial（continuous）R习（获）得acquisition消除（弱）extinction前行制约一forwardconditioning回溯制约backwardcond.延宕制约一delayconditioning区辨discrimination嫌恶刺激aversivestimulus效果率lawofeffect彳亍为塑造一behaviorshaping自行塑造一autoshaping定比（时）时制角膜cornea虹膜iris网膜retina调节作用accommodation反射弧reflexarc计算机轴性线断层扫描一CAT或CTMRI磁共振显影小脑cerebellumRAS----网状活化系统下视丘脑（下）垂体（腺）一pituitary皮质边缘系统limbic杏仁核侧沟lateral同卵双生子identical操作制约operantconditioning变化比率（时距）时制一variableratio（interval）scheduleVR或VI逃离反应escape逃离反应escapeR.习得无助learnedhelplessness学习心向一learningset认知地图cognitivemap敏感递减法-systematicdesensitization回避反应一avoidanceresponse顿悟insight隐内（潜在）学习latentlearning生理回馈biofeedback普里迈克原则一Premack'sprinciple观察学习observationallearning敏感化一sensitization联结association观察学习observationalL.保留、储存r