高中定语从句精讲与练习及答案

高中定语从句精讲与练习及答案高中定语从句精讲与练习及答案高中定语从句精讲与练习及答案V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中定语从句精讲与练习及答案日期：20xx年X月定语从句1什么是定语从句由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。2特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。3什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词为先行词。4定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。5定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。例：Iworkinaschoolwhichwasbuilt50yearsago.在此句中”school”为先行词，which来引导定语从句，“whichwasbuilt50yearsago.”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。注：定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。注：what不能引导定语从句，因为what从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。1．先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom代指，who与whom的区别在于who是主格，在从句中作主语，whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而that作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which代指，可见，that既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。例：Doyouknowthemanthatisstandingbythedoor此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词theman.例：ThisisthebookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词thebook.例：ThisisthebookwhichIhavebeenlookingfor.此句which引导定语从句，代指先行词thebook.例：Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingbythedoor此句who引导定语从句，代指行行词theman,作从句的主语。也可用that引导从句，如”Doyouknowthemanthatisstandingbythedoor”例：Theladywhomwesawthismorningis.此句whom引导定语从句，代指先行词thelady，在从 句中作宾语。也可用that引导即“Theladythatwesawthismorningis.”例：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisalargecountry.Asisknowtoall是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句，只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。As是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的代词性引导词用来代指一个具体的先行词，as代指整个主句的含义，which引导非限定性定语从句时，也有类似的用法。例：Heisoftenlate,whichmakeshisteacherangry.此句which引导定语从句，代指主句的含义“他经常迟到“，作从句的主语，这时which引导的就是非限定性定语从句。Which和as的用法相似，但也有区别。which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句在主句前，中，后均可，在主句前居多。as常理解为“正如，正像“而which常理解为”这，这事，这点“as常用的固定搭配有，asisoftenthecase,aswasexpected,asoftenhappens,asisknowntoall,ashasbeensaidbefore,asismentionedabove等2．副词性引导词。副词性引导词,why.例：IoftenthinkofthehappydayswhenIwasinFrance.When引导定语从句，修饰先行词days意为“inthehappydays”作从句的时间状语。例：Thisisthebuildingwheremyfatherworks.Where引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，意为“inthebuilding”，作从句的地点状语。例：Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.Why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason意为“forthereason”，作从句的原因状语。说明：从以上的例子可以看出，代词性引导词在从句中作主语/宾语，副词性引导词在从句中作状语。注：如果引导词在从句中作宾语，则引导词可以省略。(一)限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的比较。限定性定语从句与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号分开。而非限定性定语从句只是到先行词起补充说明作用，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开，非限定性定语从句不能用that代指先行词。例：Thisisthephotothat/whichItook.Thefamousbasketballplayer,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.（二）that与which的区别。当先行词指物时才需要讨论这个问题。当先行词为不定代词，如anything,everything,nothing,none,one,all,little,few,much等，或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,only,theevery,every,no等修饰时，要用that代指先行词。例：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverytingthathehadstolentothepolice.Thisistheonlyproblemthatremainstobesettled.2.先行词是序数词/最高级形容词时，或先行词被序数词，最高级形容词，具有最高级意义的形容词（如last）修饰时，要用that作引导词。例：Thisisthefirst/bestfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.3.先行词同时包括人和物时，要用that作引导词。例：Theyoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheylikemost.(三)不能用that引导的定语从句。1.在非限定性定语从句中不能用that，而用who,whom,which等代指先行词。例：IsawMaryjustnow,whoseemedveryexcited.2.介词后不能用that。例：Thisisthepersontowhomyourfatherspokejustnow.3.当先行词是all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,those,people等且指人时，只能用who,不用that.例：Thosewhoarepresentwillhavethechancetoseethefilmstar.(四)as与which代指主句的含义。有的定语从句并不修饰一个具体的先行词，而是修饰整个主句，由which/as引导，这时which和as都代词性的，代指主句的含义，但是用法不同，上文有讲。例1：_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which例2：_____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A．Which例3：Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim..例4：Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.IthinkisIthinkitisIthinkitthinkis例5：Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.which.(五)先行词前有such,so,thesame修饰时。这种情况下，定语从句用as引导，as代指先行词，在从句在作主语/宾语。例：Sheissuchakindteacheraswealllike.SheissokindateacheraswealllikeSheissuchakindteacherthatwealllikeher.1和2句均为定语从句，先行词均为teacher,分别用了suchakindteacher和sokindateacher结构，含义是一样的。先行词有such/so修饰，要用as.在这两个句子中，as代指先行词，逻辑语序为wealllikeas,as作宾语。句3用了such……that……结构that本身没有含义，也不是从句的成分，只是起到引导的作用，从句的主谓宾分别为，we,like,her。这个问题的解题技巧是看从句是否主谓宾完整，如缺少宾语，必然要用引导词作宾语，选择as,如从句成分完整，选that,组成such……that…..结构。例Thisissuchadifficultproblem____noneofuscanworkitoutThisissuchadifficultproblem____noneofuscanworkoutThisisadifficultproblem____noneofuscanworkout.句1是个完整的句子，用that.句2从句中缺少宾语，且problem有such修饰，故是定语从句，用引导词as，句3从句缺少宾语，为定语从句，但没有such,so,thesame修饰，故用that/which代指先行词。（六）“介词+收导词”引导定语从句。例1：ThisisthefaithwithwhichIwentbacktothesouth.先行词为faith，withwhichIwentbacktothesouth为定语从句。Which代指先行词faith,从句逻辑语序为Iwentbacktothesouthwithwhich.因为that不能用在介词后面，只能用which代指先行词faith.例2:Heistherightpersonwithwhomwecanfinishthetaksintime.先行词person,withwhomwecanfinishthetaskntime为定语从句。Whom代指先行词person,定语从句的逻辑语序为wecanfinishthetaskwithwhomintime.同样that不能用在介词后，故只能用whom代指先行词作介词的宾语。注：(1)上面的两个定语从句中，如果介词在从句的句中/句末，则可使用that作引导词，即Thisisthefaiththat/whichIwentbacktothesouthwith和Heistherightpersonwhom/thatwecanfinishthetaskwithintime.(2)因为引导词作介词的宾语，如果介词在从句的句中/句末，引导词可以省略。即ThisisthefaithIwentbacktothesouthwith和Heistherightpersonwecanfinishthetaskwithintime.(七)whose和ofwhom/which引导的定语从句。的用法Whose引导定语从句时，意为“….的”先行词是人/物时可用whose.例1：GeorgeOrwell,____wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.realnamehisrealnamerealnamerealname例2：Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.wichwhich/whom的用法。除了用whose之外，还可用of短语引导定语从句，因为whom指人which指物，先行词为人时用the….ofwhom，先行词为物时用,the…..ofwhich结构。例3：GeorgeOrwell,____therealnamewasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.hisB.whoseC.ofwhichwhom解析：答案为D项。些题容易错选B项，但是如选B项，由逻辑语序whosetherealnamewasEricArthur可知冠词the的用法不正确，正确表达方式应为whoserealname,…,故B项错误。选择D项从句的逻辑语序为therealnameofwhomwasEricArthur,whom代指先行词GeorgeOrwell。C项错误，因which不能代指“人”的先行词。例4：Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse___theroofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.ofwhom（八）theway后面的定语从句例：don’tlikethewayinwhichyouspeaktoher.don't’tlikethewaythatyouspeaktoher.don’tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.解析：在句1.中，which代指先行词theway,定语从句的逻辑语序为youspeaktoherinwhich,意为“你用那种方式和她说话”。因which代指theway,故用in和which搭配，inwhich在从句中为方式状语。根据定语从句的句法规则，inwhich引导定语从句作方式状语时，inwhich也可使用that代替，或者省略引导词，也就是句2和句3的表达方式都是正确的。需要注意的是，句2中的that并非前文所说的代词性的that代指先行词的常规用法，而副词作方式状语，相当于inwhich.注意：句2与句3正确的前提是引导词在从中作状语，并非theway后的定语从句都是如此。例：Youspeaktoherintheway_____Idon’tlike.解析：先行词为theway,____Idon’tlike为定语从句，其逻辑语序应为Idon’tlike___，引导词应代指先行词theway,在从句中作宾语，故用that或which都可以。又因为引导词是从句的宾语，因此也可省略，即下面的三种表达方式都是正确的：YouspeaktoherinthewaywhichIdon’tlike.YouspeaktoherinthewaythatIdon’tlike.YouspeaktoherinthewayIdon’tlike.注意：句3中的省略的是that或which,因为引导词作从句的宾语，而“Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.”中省略的是inwhich或that,引导词是从句的方式状语。区别这两种情况首先应判断引导词在从句中的成分，是从句的宾语还是状语，然后再判断用什么引导词或是否可以省略。例：Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.(湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich解析：答案为A项。句意为“令我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。”根据句意可知theway前不用in,可排除B项和C项。theway是先行词，hesaidit为定语从句，逻辑语序为hesaidit____,引导词为从句的方式状语，可用inwhich、that或省略。D项的错误在于把引导词误用为从句的宾语。（九）thereason后的定语从句Reason作先行词后面的定语从句常用why或forwhich引导。例1：Thatwasn’tthereasonwhy/forwhichheliedtoyou.使用什么引导词还是由引导词在从句中充当的成分决定。例2：Isthisthereason___atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork(上海卷)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedheexplainedheexplained解析：答案A项。定语从句的逻辑语序为heexplained____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork,可见引导词作explain的宾语，应为代词，代指先行词thereason，故用which或that均可，又因为引导词作从句的宾语，可以省略。若用why引导从句，些句应改为Isthisthereasonwhyhewascarelessinhiswork,此时why为从句的原因状语，当然也可使用forwhich代替。（十）分隔定语从句分隔定语从句就是先行词和定语从句之间有其他成分插入的情况也并不罕见，如AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouEnglish一句中，先行词为teacher,who引导定语从句，先行词与从句之间插入了willcometomorrow.例1：Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome___Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where例2:Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,____forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.while例3：Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,___forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.inwhichB.atwhich(十一)that引导定语从句和引导其他从句的差异引导其他从句时，that没有具体含义，也不作从句的成分，只是起“引导”的作用，但是that引导定语从句时作代词，代指先行词，作从句的主语或宾语。例：Idon’tbelievethestory___hetoldmejustnow.Idon’tbelievethestory___hegotlostinthemountain.(十二)which引导定语从句和引导其他从句的区别Which引导定语从句时代指先行词，因些其含义就是先行词的含义。Which引导其他从句时，用其本义“哪个、哪些”。例1：Idon’tknowwhichIshouldchoose.例2：Theday___youarelookingforwardtowillcertainlycome.A.inwhichB.when例3：Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,___wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it(十三)where的特殊含义Where引导定语从句通常表示“在某处”之意，但是当condition,case,point等词意为“状态”，并做先行词时，可用where引导定语从句，意为“在某种状态下”，也可用相应的介词搭配which引导定语从句。例：Wegettothepointwhere/atwhichwebelievethatnothingwillwork.Ifindithardtohandleacasewhere/inwhichIcan’tfindrightwordstoexpressmyself.Spatic(痉挛)isaconditionwhereapersonlosesmusclecontrol.定语从句place_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

youknowtheman_______

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

isthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

youknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

istheday______I'llneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

factory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

changeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

isoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked

youlendmethebook______theotherday

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

pen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

arrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

engineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom

thereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose

'minterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which

wanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

isn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

isgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

Ming,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentwentwithhim

don'tlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels

talkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

letterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

ourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.

A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.

A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who

lostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

summerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what

haveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

canneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

way______helooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

isthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

machine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter

reason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;that;whyC.forthat;thatwhich;what

isworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

which

isnottheway______Idoit.

A./whichwhich

havetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

wanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which

neighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

isthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich

isnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened

---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.

A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith

thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.

A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.

A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed

45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.

A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that

47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek

A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere

48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.who

49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.

A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich

50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

参考答案及解析

1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

2．C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

6．C.解析同第5题。

7.A.解析见第3题。

8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。

9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.

11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.

12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.

13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.

14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.

15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.

16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.

17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.

18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.

19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.

20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.

22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.