外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习20：选择性必修1 Unit 2　Onwards and upwards(含解析)

课时质量评价(二十)选择性必修第一册Unit2OnwardsandupwardsA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空A(2020·浙江教育绿色评价联盟联考)MorleySaferhasworkedintelevisionnewsfor61years.He'sspent46ofthoseyearsonhisbroadcast,longerthananyoneelse.Asa1.________(travel),heholdssomesortofrecord,2.________(take)planes,trains,boats,evenbicyclestotheendsoftheEarth.Whenhewas24,adoorthatwouldchangehislifeopened.Hewashired3.________atelevisionnewswriterattheCBC,Canada'spremierbroadcastingnetwork.Andsoonenough,hewas4.________foreigncorrespondent(记者),thejobhe'ddreamedof.Hispassportfilledupquickly.Inlate1963,MorleycaughttheeyeoftheAmericannetworkexecutives,5.________hiredhimtojointheprestigiousCBSbureauinLondon.FromhisbaseinLondon,hecoveredshootingwarsinAlgeriaandCyprus.Bythetimehewas35,he6.________(cover)newsinEurope,theMiddleEastandSoutheastAsia.It'sfair7.________(say)thatnobodyalivetodayhasseenasmuchandreportedonitas8.________(brilliant)asMorley.Simplybyexample,he'smadetherestofusbetterjournalists.Hiswriting9.________(consider)thebestinthebusiness.Histoughnessandkindnessandsenseofhumourarelegendary.Inabusinessthat'sfast­movingandsometimescompetitive,hesurvivedandprospered,eitheroutworking10.________outlivingeveryoneelse,tryingtogettothebottomofthings.【语篇解读】在这个瞬息万变、竞争激烈的世界里，要想活下来并取得成功，要么比别人更努力，要么比别人承受的更多。这就是新闻人莫利的故事。1.traveller考查词性转换。由设空前的不定冠词可知，此处应用名词单数形式，故填traveller。2.taking考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词holds，且设空处与前面的谓语动词holds之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词，take和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填taking。3.as考查介词。此处表示“作为”，故填as。4.a考查冠词。设空处后面的correspondent是可数名词，且是单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且foreign以辅音音素开头，故填a。5.who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是theAmericannetworkexecutives，指人，故填who。6.hadcovered考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“Bythetimehewas35”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填hadcovered。7.tosay考查非谓语动词。“Itis/was＋adj./n.＋todo...”为固定句型，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)，故填tosay。8.brilliantly考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰前面的动词短语reportedon，应用副词。“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”为固定用法，意为“和……一样……”，故填brilliantly。9.isconsidered考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语，主语Hiswriting与动词consider之间是被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填isconsidered。10.or考查固定搭配。either...or...为固定短语，意为“或者……或者……，不是……就是……”，故填or。BLions,tigersandotheranimalsarestayingawakeatnight1.________(avoid)humanbeings,anewstudyfinds.Scientistshaveknownthathumanactivitiescanleadtochangesinnature.Manyanimalsmaymovearoundlessortraveltofarplacestokeepaway2.________people.Bybeingawakeatnight,animalscanalsobeonguardagainstpossibleenemiesandspendlesstime3.________(look)forfood.Thelatestresearchfoundevenactivitieslikefarmingandcampingcan4.________(fright)animalsandcausethemtobecomemoreactiveatnight.5.________hadbeenstudiedwerelionsinTanzania,tigersinNepalandmonkeysinBrazil.Researcherscompared6.________(careful)howmuchtimethoseanimalswereactiveatnightinareasofhumanactivities,suchashuntingandfarming.7.________washumanactivitiesthatcausedanincreaseofabout20percentinnight­timeactivities,evenincreaturesthatusuallysleepatnight.Results8.________(publish)inthejournalSciencetwomonthsago.Thenewfindingsare9.________(usual)becausenooneelsehaslookedatitinsuchdetailbefore.EcologistMarleeTuckerwas10.________(surprise)thatanykindofhumanactivityisenoughforanimalstoseepeopleasathreat.【语篇解读】人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以躲避人类。1.toavoid考查非谓语动词。句意：一项最新的研究发现狮子、老虎以及其他动物在夜间保持清醒为的是避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。2.from考查固定搭配。keepawayfrom...为固定搭配，意为“远离……”。3.looking考查固定用法。spendtime(in)doingsth.为固定用法，意为“花时间做某事”。4.frighten考查词性转换。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。5.What考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故填What。6.carefully考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。7.It考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉“________was”和“that”后，句子意思仍然完整，故该句为强调句型“Itwas＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。8.werepublished考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“twomonthsago”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。9.unusual考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。10.surprised考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语MarleeTucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.昨天晚上直到十二点我才去睡觉。(not...until...的强调句型)Itwasnotuntiltwelveo'clocklastnightthatIwenttobed.2.我写这封信是想告诉你一些相关的细节。(informsb.ofsth.)Iamwritingtheletter,hopingtoinformyouofsomerelevantdetails．3.他试图避免回答我的问题。(avoid)Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions．4.直到他回来，我才知道整件事情的经过。(only＋状语从句)OnlywhenhecamebackdidIknowthewholestory.5.早睡早起使人健康、富有又聪明。(make＋宾语＋宾补)Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise．B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AIarrivedatthisbeautifulSpanishislandatthestartofSeptember,fullofenthusiasmandeagertostartworkingasanEnglishteacher.Isortedallthenecessarypaperworkoutandmovedintoaflatofmyownwithinthefirstcoupleofdays.Great,orsoIthought.At4amandatseveralintervalsafterthat,Iwasrudelyawokenbythecockthatlivesoppositeme.Fantastic!Inowhave5extraalarmseverymorning.Inthefollowingweeks,Ialsostartedtonoticeatrend.Thingsinmyflatstartedtobreakattherateofoneobjectperday,likethehotwaterline,bowls,cups,theshower,doorsorglassshelves.Yes,Iamclumsybutthingsjustfellapart.Ifitwasn'tbroken,itwouldeitherbedirtyormissing.Usingmywashingbasketforthefirsttimewasprettydisgusting.WhenItookoutmyclothes,theywereswiftlyfollowedbyahundredorsobugsthatwerelivinginthebottom.Asforthegenerallackofequipmentinthehouse,therewasnooven,tinopener,sharpknivesorpotatopeeler.Itturnedoutmakingaburgerfromscratchwasn'tthebestidea.Ihadasmallmicrowaveandagrill.IthoughtthegeneralunderstandingwasnevertoputmetalinamicrowavebutIwenton.Smokesoonstartedtoappear.IwasnotquitesureifitwastheburgerorthegrillbutassoonasIopenedthedoor,theelectricitycutout.Ispentthefollowing10minutesinadark,smokyroomhuntingforthepowerswitchusingthelightfrommymobilephone,whichbroketheweekafterandleftmewithoutaconnectiontotheouterworld.Luckily,I'mnowborrowingaphoneandmyluckhasreturned.Nomorethingshavebroken(probablybecausethereisnothinglefttobreak).I'vealsorealisedthatevenifaflatlookspretty,itdoesn'tmeanitscontentswork.Iamalsolearninghowtoadapttolifewithlimited,brokenutensils(用具)．1.Whatproblemdidtheauthorhaveinthemorning?A.Sheoftensleptlate.B.Heralarmfailedtowork.C.Shegotsomenoisyneighbours.D.Hersleepwasdisturbedbyarooster.2.WhatcanweknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph2?A.Shewasaverycarefulwoman.B.Shewasquitesatisfiedwithherflat.C.Herflatwasprettyoldbutcomfortable.D.Herhouseholdarticleswereinpoorcondition.3.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasmakingaburger?A.Shewasseriouslyinjured.B.Shemadeaterriblemistake.C.Shebrokeherphoneaccidentally.D.Shesufferedasuddenpowerfailure.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Remainingoptimistic.B.Howtochooseaniceflat.C.Learningtoliveinanewflat.D.Whylivingabroadisnoteasy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”去西班牙的一个漂亮的小岛上做英语老师，尽管居住的公寓里面的生活用品很老旧，“我”还是学会了如何利用有限的生活用品生活。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At4amandatseveralintervalsafterthat,Iwasrudelyawokenbythecockthatlivesoppositeme.”可知，作者的睡眠被公鸡打鸣声打扰了，故D项正确。2.D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thingsinmyflatstartedtobreakattherateofoneobjectperday,likethehotwaterline,bowls,cups,theshower,doorsorglassshelves.”可知，作者所使用的日常用品很破旧，故D项正确。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ihadasmallmicrowaveandagrill.IthoughtthegeneralunderstandingwasnevertoputmetalinamicrowavebutIwenton.Smokesoonstartedtoappear.”并结合该段其他内容可知，作者将金属烤架放进微波炉里，启动后发生了故障，电源被切断。据此可推知，作者在制作汉堡时犯了个错误，故B项正确。4.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章最后一句“Iamalsolearninghowtoadapttolifewithlimited,brokenutensils(用具)．”是全文的主题句。结合全文内容可知，文章通过讲述作者在西班牙的一个小岛上做英语老师时如何使用住房内的破旧日常用品生活的故事，说明了应当学会适应生活的道理，故C项正确。B“Joe?Isthatyou？”Thewomanspeakingtomeatthebaseballgamelookedalittlefamiliar.“Marci？”Iasked.“Itisyou！”shecriedout,smilingbroadly.“It'sgoodtoseeyouagain！”ItwasgoodtoseeMarci,too.Offandonduringthepastfewdecades,I'vewonderedabouther.Ialmosttriedtosearchforherafewyearsagoaftertalkingtoafriendwhohadindicatedthatthe1990shadbeenprettyroughforMarci.Someetingheratthebaseballgamewasreallyasurprise.Wespentafewminutestalkingaboutourlives—thegoodold,badolddays.ThenMarcigrewquietforamoment.“Youknow,Joe，”shesaid,“I'vealwayswantedtotellyouhow...how...sorryIamforthewayItreatedyou.Youmusthavebeenhurtbothphysicallyandmentally.”Iwasalittleembarrassed.Iturnedandlookedather.“It'sOK，”Isaid.“Nobigdeal！”“ButIwassuchajerk，”shecontinued.Yesyouwere,Ithought.“Wewerebothprettyyoung，”Ismiled.“Iknow，”shesaid.“It'sjustalwaysbotheredme,rememberinghowmeanIwastoyou.AndI'vewantedtotellyouthatI'msorry.”Theexpressiononherfacewaswarmandsincere.Andtherewassomethinginhereyes—itlookedalotlikerelief.“OK，”Isaid.“Apologyaccepted！”Overcomebythesweetnessofthemoment,Ireachedanarmaroundherandgaveheraquickhug.Justthen,thecrowderuptedwithahugecheer,andMarciandIbothreturnedourattentiontothegame.BythetimeIlookedovertowhereshehadbeen,shewasgone.Butthewarm,wonderfulfeelingofourbriefexchangewasstillthere,andcontinuestothisdaywheneverIthinkaboutit.Itisn'tenoughtojustsay“I'msorry！”and“You'reforgiven！”.Butwhenthosewordsaretrulyfeltandsincerelyexpressed,theycanopenthedoortomiraclesoftheheart.Forgivenesscanbringpeacetoaninjuredsoul—evenyearsafterthefact.Evenatabaseballgame.5.WhatkindoflifedidMarciliveduringthelate20thcenturyaccordingtothepassage?A.Happy.B.Busy.C.Hard.D.Simple.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“jerk”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Ahumorousperson.B.Acruelperson.C.Acarelessperson.D.Anhonestperson.7.WhydidMarcilookinreliefaftertalkingwiththeauthor?A.Becauseherfavouriteteamwonthegame.B.BecauseshelearnedJoewaslivingagoodlife.C.Becauseshemadeanapologytotheauthor.D.Becauseshefoundshewasnotmeananylonger.8.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExcitementofaBaseballGameB.TheMentalBurdenofaWomanC.MiraclesofForgivenessD.ReliefofFindingaFriend【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在棒球赛场见到了多年未见的朋友Marci。她见到“我”后为以前那样对待“我”向“我”真诚地道歉，“我”立刻原谅了她。原来，原谅可以给受伤的心灵带去慰藉。5.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ialmosttriedtosearchforherafewyearsagoaftertalkingtoafriendwhohadindicatedthatthe1990shadbeenprettyroughforMarci.”可知，在20世纪90年代Marci生活得很艰难，故C项正确。6.B词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“It'sjustalwaysbotheredme,rememberinghowmeanIwastoyou.”可知，当时她对“我”很刻薄，这件事一直困扰着她，再结合下文可知，她认为她是一个刻薄的人。据此可知，画线词与B项含义相近，故B项正确。7.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘AndI'vewantedtotellyouthatI'msorry.’Theexpressiononherfacewaswarmandsincere.Andtherewassomethinginhereyes—itlookedalotlikerelief.”可知，由于Marci向我真诚地道了歉，所以她感到轻松了，故C项正确。8.C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章最后两句为全文的主题句。本文通过讲述“我”接受朋友Marci的真诚道歉，体会到原谅可以抚慰受伤的心灵的故事。故C项最适合作为本文标题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五ApologisingtheRightWaytoaFriendWhyareapologiessodifficult?Sayingyouaresorrycanbethemostdifficultthingyoudo.Butweallmakemistakes,soyou'llprobablyhaveanoccasionwhenyouneedtoapologise.Perhapsyouhadblownupatsomeoneandrealisedlateryoureactedpoorly.1.Whateverthereason,apologisingcanhelpyoubothhealandmoveonfromthesituation.2.First,youacknowledgethatyoudidsomethingwrong.Withanapology,youtakeresponsibilityforyouractions,whichallowsyourfriendtoforgiveyou.Second,anapologygivesyoursincerityasafriend.3，butthatdoesn'tmeanwestillshouldn'tapologise.Now,whatareelementsofaproperapology?4，dependingonwhattheoffensewas,whereitwasdone,andwhoyouareapologisingto.Ingeneral,agoodapologyshouldincludethefollowing:arequestfortheirattention,anacknowledgmentofwhathappened,sincerityinadmittingyoudidsomethingwrongandthewords“I'msorry”or“Iapologise”.Herearethingsnevertosaywhenapologising.Notethattheartofapologisinginvolvestakingresponsibility.Neverapologiseasawayto“shutsomeoneup”whentheyaresayingyouhurttheirfeelingsandyoudon'tthinkyoudid.5，youshouldtalkthingsthroughwithyourfriendsuntilyouseewhytheyarehurtorhowyoucameacross.You'llreallyneedtoself­reflectsoyoucanseethingsfromyourfriend'spointofview.A.WhenyoumakeyourapologyinpersonB.IfyoureallybelieveyoudidnothingwrongC.ApologiesbenefitfriendshipsinavarietyofwaysD.ThewayyouapologiseisgoingtobeslightlydifferentE.Ormaybeyoujustdidn'tshowsupportwhenyouneededtoF.Apologisingtherightway,however,maytakealittlepracticeG.Sometimesourpalsforgiveuseasilyfortheminorthingswedowrong【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。1.E根据空后的“Whateverthereason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。2.C空处位于段落句首主题句的位置。通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。3.G根据空后的“butthatdoesn'tmeanwestillshouldn'tapologise”可知，G项“有时我们的好友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。4.D根据空后的“dependingon...whoyouareapologisingto”可知，D项“你道歉的方法要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D。5.B根据空后的“youshouldtalkthingsthroughwithyourfriendsuntilyouseewhytheyarehurtorhowyoucameacross”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B。Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华，你们学校的英国交换生Jeff准备参加“外国人讲中国成语(idiom)故事”比赛，他发邮件让你给予辅导。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.答应帮助；2.提出建议；3.询问辅导时间与地点。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使