外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习18：必修3 Unit 6　Disaster and hope(含解析)

课时质量评价(十八)必修第三册Unit6DisasterandhopeA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AOneplacethathasleftalasting1.________(impress)onmeistheislandofLesvosinGreece.Iwenttherefor2.________holidaywithsomeofmyfriends.Wefeltthatwedeservedabitofsunandachance3.________(relax)afterhavingstudiedsohard.Strangelyenough,eventhoughIwentthereforawell­earnedrest,I4.________(actual)workedharderthanIhadeverdonebefore.Insteadofspendingmydaysonthebeachsunbathingandswimminginthesea,Iendedup5.________(help)thelocalsdealwiththeendlessarrivalofrefugees(难民),manyof6.________werestrugglingtogettothebeachaftertheirboatshadturnedover.Anyway,thisholidayturnedouttobeoneofthemost7.________(forget)ofmylife,butforallthewrongreasons.Often,whenI'malonethesedays,I8.________(disturb)bythememoriesofthefacesofparentswhocouldn'tfindtheirchildren,andthesoundofpeoplescreaming9.________help.10.________thepeopleofLesvosdidtohelpthesepeople,openingtheirhomestothemandsharingthefewpossessionstheythemselvesowned,wasabsolutelyamazing.IwascompletelytouchedbythegenerosityofthepeopleofLesvos.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在希腊莱斯沃斯岛度假期间和当地人一起帮助难民的经历。1.impression考查名词。设空处作left的宾语，需用名词，由空前不定冠词可知，此处使用名词单数形式。故填impression。2.a考查固定搭配。go...foraholiday为固定搭配，表示“去……度假”。故填a。3.torelax考查固定搭配。achancetodosth.意为“做某事的机会”。故填torelax。4.actually考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词worked。故填actually。5.helping考查固定用法。endupdoingsth.为固定表达，意为“最终做某事”。故填helping。6.whom考查定语从句。“manyof＋设空处”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词refugees，指人，先行词refugees在从句中作of的宾语，应使用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。7.unforgettable考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为形容词的最高级形式，所给词forget为动词，意为“忘记”，其形容词形式为forgettable(易被忘记的)，unforgettable(难忘的)。根据语境可知，设空处需填形容词unforgettable。故填unforgettable。8.amdisturbed考查一般现在时的被动语态。由“Often,whenI'malonethesedays”可知，此处需用一般现在时，又因I与disturb之间是被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填amdisturbed。9.for考查介词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为介词。screamforhelp表示“大声喊救命”。故填for。10.What考查连接词。分析句子可知，“10.________thepeopleofLesvosdidtohelpthesepeople”为主语从句，设空处作主语从句中的宾语，表物，应使用what引导。故填What。B(2021·广东六校联考)Floatingmountainsintheoceanarebetterknownasicebergs(冰山).Icebergsare1.________(mass)offreshwatericethathavebrokenfromaglacier(冰川)orpolaricesheet.MosticebergsareformedaroundAntarcticaandGreenland.Icebergs2.________(see)todaybeganthousandsandthousandsofyearsago.Theybeganasflakesofsnowfallingonland.Overtheyears,moreandmoresnowfell.Thesnowon3.________bottomwascrushed(压碎)becausesnowontopwaspackingitdown.Yearsof4.________(melt)andfreezingformedlayersoficethousandsoffeetthick.Thesesheetsoficearecalledglaciers.Duringthewarmerweatherinspring5.________summer,piecesoficebreakofffromglaciers.Thebrokenpiecesoficefallintothewaterandbecomeicebergs.Icebergsvary6.________size.ThelargesticebergeverrecordedwasthesizeofthestateofRhodeIslandintheUnitedStates.The7.________(tall)icebergstood550feetabovetheocean.That'saboutthesizeoftheWashingtonMonumentinWashington,Icebergscanbevery8.________(danger)toshipstravellingnearthembecauseonlyone­eighthofaniceberg9.________(be)abovewater.Thismeansthattherock­hardiceismuchlargerunderneath.Captainstaking10.________(they)shipsaroundanicebergmaymiscalculatethesizeoftheiceberg.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰山的一些特点以及注意事项。1.masses考查固定搭配。massesof为固定搭配，意为“许多的，大量的”，故填masses。2.seen考查过去分词作定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作定语，因为Icebergs和动词see之间是被动关系，要用过去分词作后置定语，故填seen。3.the考查冠词。此处是特指底部的雪，要用定冠词，故填the。4.melting考查动词的­ing形式作宾语。分析句子结构可知，of为介词，后面要用动词的­ing形式，故填melting。5.and考查连词。句中的spring和summer二者是并列的，故填and。6.in考查固定用法。insize为固定搭配，意为“在大小上，尺寸上”。故填in。7.tallest考查最高级。根据语境可知，此处是指最高级，故填tallest。8.dangerous考查形容词作表语。分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词作表语，故填dangerous。9.is考查谓语动词。主语是one­eighthofaniceberg是单数。根据上下文可知使用一般现在时，故填is。10.their考查代词。修饰名词ships，要用形容词性物主代词，他们的船只，故填their。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。(现在分词短语作状语)Rushingoutofthehouse,hewasknockeddownbyacar.2.时间过得真快！一个星期以后你就要回到自己的国家了。(it＋be＋时间段＋before)Howtimeflies！Itwillbeaweekbeforeyougobacktoyourowncountry.3.沿路有一些高树。(完全倒装)Alongtheroadaresometalltrees．4.她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。(occur)Itoccurredtoherthatsheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Thesixthmassextinctionisnotaworryforthefuture.It'shappeningnow,muchfasterthanpreviouslyexpected,andit'sentirelyourfault,accordingtoastudypublishedMonday.Humanshavealreadywipedouthundredsofspeciesandpushedmanymoretothebrinkofextinctionthroughwildlifetrade,pollution,habitatlossandtheuseoftoxicsubstances.ThefindingspublishedinthescientificjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS)showthattherateatwhichspeciesaredyingouthasacceleratedinrecentdecades.GerardoCeballosGonzález,aprofessorofecologyattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexicoandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy,saidapproximately173specieswentextinctbetween2001and2014.“173speciesis25timesmoreextinctspeciesthanyouwouldexpectunderthenormalextinctionrate，”hetoldCNNinanemail.Heandhisteamfoundthatinthepast100years,morethan400vertebrate(脊椎动物的)specieswentextinct.Inthenormalcourseofevolution,suchextinctionswouldhavetakenupto10，000years,theysaid.Massextinctionsarejustassevereastheirnamesuggests.TherehavebeenfivemassextinctioneventsintheEarth'shistory,eachwipingoutbetween70%and95%ofthespeciesofplants,animalsandmicroorganisms.Themostrecent,66millionyearsago,sawdinosaursdisappear.Thepasteventswerecausedbycatastrophicchangesoftheenvironment,includingmassivevolcaniceruptionsorcollisionwithanasteroid.Thesixthmassextinctiontheonehappeningnow—isdifferent:scientistssayit'scausedbyhumans.Theresearchersalsosaidthecurrentworldhealthemergencyshowspeople'srecklessness(鲁莽)towardsnaturecanseriouslyhurtthemselves.Manyendangeredspeciesaredyinginlargenumbersduetothetradeinwildanimalsandplants.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inParagraph2mean?A.Poisonous.B.Useful.C.Alternative.D.Environmentallyfriendly.2.Howdoesthewriterconvincereadersoftheseriousnessofthemassextinctions?A.Bylistingreliablestatistics.B.Byimaginingapictureoftheextinctions.C.BymentioningsomenewsfromCNN.D.Byexplainingthehistoryoftheextinctions.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenthefifthandsixthextinction.B.Toexplainthecauseofthecoronaviruscrisis.C.Towarnhumanstogetridoftheirwrongactions.D.Toshowthewriter'sconcernabouttheendangeredspecies.4.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlytalkabout?A.Thechangesoftheenvironmentdoharmtowildlife.B.Thesixthmassextinctionismuchfasterthanexpected.C.Massextinctionsarejustassevereastheirnamesuggests.D.Thecurrentcoronavirushasarisenfromtheillegaltrade.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第六次大灭绝正在到来，且比我们想象的来得快。同时文章分析了产生第六次大灭绝的原因，即人类的行为。1.A词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句话可知，人类已经使数百种物种灭绝，并将更多物种推向灭绝的边缘的方式是通过野生动物贸易、污染、毁掉栖息地和toxicsubstances的使用。根据句意可知，此处表示“有毒物质”的使用。故选A。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过列出可靠的统计数据，使读者相信大规模灭绝的严重性。故选A。3.C写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，现在正在进行的第六次大灭绝和人类的错误行为有关。人类的活动导致许多濒危物种正在大量死亡。最终人类也会伤害到自己。综合分析，最后一段的目的是警告人类去除他们的错误行为。故选C。4.B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Thesixthmassextinctionisnotaworryforthefuture.It'shappeningnow，muchfasterthanpreviouslyexpected,andit'sentirelyourfault”可知，第六次大灭绝正在到来，而且比我们预期的还要快。再根据文章最后一段可知，第六次大灭绝是由人类造成的，并且最终会危害到人类。综合分析，本篇文章讲述的是由于人类行为导致的第六次大灭绝的到来，且比我们预期来得快。故选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五TherearenowsixfiresburningatemergencylevelsinAustralia.1Thesmokeissointenseandsothickthatitcanbeseenfromspace.2，000homeshavebeendestroyed.Sixmillionhectaresoflandcharred,leadingtodeathofthenation'swildlife.2Theyarelightningstrikes,windsandpeoplewhosetfiredeliberately.Butoneofthebiggestreasonsthey'vebecomesoextremeisthesamereasonasEastAfrica'sflood.BushfiresinAustraliaareanaturalpartofthecountry'secosystem.3EvenNewSouthWales,withthelargestpopulation,isusedtobreakingout.In1974,firesburned3.5millionhectares,andin2003,another2millionhectareswerelosttofire.Butthefiresthatstartedin2019areevenworse:4.9millionhectaresinNewSouthWaleshaveburnedalready—andit'sonlygoingtogrow.4Forstarters,astheworldisgettingwarmerfromclimatechange,soisAustralia.2019wasitshottestyearonrecord,withpartsofthecountryreaching45degreesCelsiusinDecember.2019wasalsoitsdriest—theplaceshereingrayhaveseenhistoricdroughts.5Throughouttheyear,otherlarge­scaleclimatedriversaffectAustralia'sweather,anditslikelinesstoburn.OneofthemostinfluentialistheIndianOceanDipole(偶极子),ortheIOD.TheIODisabigtemperaturegradientthataffectsthesurfacewaterintheIndianOcean,fromtheedgeofAfricatotheedgeofAustraliaA.Thisisjustheartbreaking.B.Sowhyisthisfireseasonsoawful?C.Their“fireseason”variesacrossregions.D.Thefireseasonisawfulbecauseoftheunknownreason.E.Theecosystemofthecountryneedstobeimproved.F.Theserecord­breakingbushfiresinAustraliahavebeenstartedbythefollowing.G.Together,thatprovidestheperfectconditionsforbushfirestostartandspreadquickly.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。2000座房屋被毁。600万公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物大量死亡。文章分析了造成澳大利亚这些破纪录的森林大火的原因，以及此次火灾尤其严重的原因。1.A根据上文“TherearenowsixfiresburningatemergencylevelsinAustralia.”可知，目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。以及后文“Thesmokeissointenseandsothickthatitcanbeseenfromspace.2，000homeshavebeendestroyed.Sixmillionhectaresoflandcharred,leadingtodeathofthenation'swildlife.”可知，本句应当是对这次火灾的评价，这次澳大利亚火灾损失严重，令人心碎。故A选项符合上下文语境，故选A。2.F根据后文可知，本段在分析造成此次澳大利亚大火的原因。故F选项符合上下文语境，故选F。3.C根据前文“BushfiresinAustraliaareanaturalpartofthecountry'secosystem.”以及后文“EvenNewSouthWales,withthelargestpopulation,isusedtobreakingout.”可知，本句是在说明澳大利亚的火灾频发季节是因地区而不同的。故C选项符合上下文语境，故选C。4.B后文内容是在分析此次澳大利亚火灾这么严重的原因。故B选项符合上下文语境，故选B。5.G本句承接上文进行总结，正是上述的这些条件促使了森林大火的爆发和迅速蔓延。故G选项符合上下文语境，故选G。Ⅲ.应用文写作假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。1.提出邀请并简述原因；2.提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)；3.请求对方回复。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：越剧ShaoxingOpera；《梁山伯与祝英台》ButterflyLovers；天津大剧院TianjinGrandTheatreDearChris，Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiJin【参考范文】DearChris，Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.AShaoxingOperanamedButterflyLoverswillbeonshowinTianjinGrandTheatre,whichwasjustcompleted,at2：00pmonAugust5th.ItisbecauseIknowyoulikethecultureofChina,especiallydrama,thatIwouldliketoinviteyoutoadmireit.Asweallknow,ButterflyLoversisatraditionaldrama,tellingabouttwoyoungpeople'smovinglovestory.Afterwatchingit,shallwevisitsomeplacesnearby,suchastheartmuseum,inwhichlotsofrichartwillappealtoyouenormously?Iwouldbeverygladifyoucome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiJinⅣ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。RescueinaBottleCurtisWhitsonhadrafted(乘筏)downtheArroyoSeco,ariverincentralCalifornia,severaltimesbefore.Thisyear,CurtisWhitsonknewthewater­fallwascoming.Hefiguredhewouldgetoutofhisraftintotheshallowwater,getdowntherocksalongropesoneithersideofthefalls,andcontinueonhisway,ashehadonaprevioustrip.Butthisyearwasdifferent.Heavysnowandspringrainshadturnedtheusuallymanageablefallsintosomethingfierce.Andthisyear,insteadofhisfriends,Whitson'scompanionswerehisgirlfriend,KrystalRamirez,andhis13­year­oldson,Hunter.Asthethreeofthemapproachedthefallslateintheafternoonofthethirddayoftheircampingtrip,Whitsoncouldtellfromtheincreasingroarofwaterinthenarrowingcanyon(峡谷)thattheywereinserioustrouble.Therewasnowaythey'dbeabletogetdowntherocksasplanned.“Thewaterwasjustroaringthroughtherewithtremendousforce，”recallsWhitson,45.Theyhadnosmartphoneservice,andtheyhadn'tseenasinglepersoninthepastthreedays.AndWhitsonknewthatthey'dbesharingthegroundtherewithrattlesnakesandmountainlions.Ashewasthinkingwhattodo,Whitsonhitonabitofluck—heheardvoicescomingfromtheothersideofthefalls.Heyelled,butthesoundoftherushingwaterdrownedhimout.“Wehavetogetthesepeopleamessage，”Whitsonthought.Hegrabbedastickandpulledouthispocketknifetocarve“Help”init.Thenhetiedaropetoitsothepeoplewouldknowitwasn'tjustanystick.Hetriedthrowingitoverthefalls,butitfloatedawayinthewrongdirection.“We'vegottodosomething！”Whitsonyelledtohisson.“Havewegotanythingelse？”Thenhespottedhiswaterbottle.Whitsongrabbeditandcarved“Help！”onit.Ramirezalsoremindedhimthathehadapenandpaperinhisbackpack.Whitsonknewitwasaslimhope.Buthewrote“6－1519：00Wearestuckhere@thewaterfall.Gethelpplease”andpushedthenoteintothebottle.Thistime,histhrowoverthewaterfallwasperfect.“Allright,that'sallwecando，”WhitsontoldHunter.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Ittook30minutestogetbackupstreamtothebeachwherethey'dhadlunch.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________