TOEFL(托福)全真测试题

TOEFL（托福）全真测试题structureandwrittenexpression1accordingtothethirdlawofthermodynamics,_______possibleis-273.16degreescentigrade.(a)thattemperatureislowest(b)thetemperatureislowest(c)lowesttemperature(d)thelowesttemperature2afterthefirstworldwar,theauthoranaisninbecameinterestedintheartmovementknownassurrealismandinpsychoanalysis,both_____hernovelsandshortstories.(a)inwhichtheinfluence(b)ofwhichinfluenced(c)tohaveinfluence(d)itsinfluencein3muskratsgenerally_______closetotheedgeofabog,wheretheirfavoriteplantfoodsgrowplentifully.(a)staying(b)theyarestaying(c)stay(d)tostaythere4oliverelisworth,_____oftheunitedstatessupremecourt,wastheauthorofthebillthatestablishedthefederalcourtsystem.(a)hewasthethirdchiefjustice(b)thethirdchiefjusticewas(c)whothethirdchiefjustice(d)thethirdchiefjustice5_______colonialperiodthegreatmajorityofconnecticut’ssettlerscamefromengland.(a)since(b)thetime(c)duringthe(d)itwas6apoliticiancanmakealegislativeproposalmore_____bygivingspecificexamplesofwhatitseffectwillbe.(a)tounderstanding(b)understandably(c)understandable(d)whenunderstood7playingthetrumpetwithdazzlingoriginality,_____dominatedjazzfor20years.(a)louisarmstrong(b)theinfluenceoflouisarmstrong(c)themusicoflouisarmstrong(d)louisarmstrong’stalent8beforeeverypresidentialelectionintheunitedstates,thestatisticianstrytoguesstheproportionofthepopulationthat_____foreachcandidate.(a)arevoted(b)voting(c)tobevoted(d)willvote9______atariverfordonthedonnerpassroutetocalifornia,thecityofrenogrewasbridgesandrailroadswerebuilt.(a)settle(b)tosettle(c)itwassettling(d)havingbeensettledLanguageFormandMeaningDirectionsInthissectionofthetest,youwillanswer37questionsfoundinsevendifferenttexts.Withineachtextareboxesthatcontainfourpossiblewaystocompleteasentence.Choosethewordorwordsineachboxthatcorrectlycompleteeachsentence.Marktheletterofthecorrectansweronyouranswersheet.Herearetwosamplequestions:1.Theideathatrockslastforeverandthatrocks(A)very(B)ever(C)quite(D)never2.changeisnotcompletelytrue.Ifyouhaveeverstoodnexttoarushingriver,you(A)saw(B)seen(C)areseeing(D)mayhaveseenthewaterhammeringawayattherocks.ThecorrectanswertoSample1is(D),“never.”ThecorrectanswertoSample2is(D),“mayhaveseen.”Goontothenextpage,andthetestwillbeginwithquestionnumberone.1.Acountry’s_______includeallofitsminerals,suchascoal,gold,andsilver.(A)resource(B)financial(C)ability(D)list2.Whethertwopeopleorgroupsarefightingwithwordsorweapons,wecansaytheyarehavinga_______.(A)dispute(B)war(C)combat(D)victim3.Ifsomelivesinthe_______ofyourhome,youwouldcallthatpersonaneighbor.(A)vicinity(B)remote(C)distant(D)lonely4.Ifyouarealwayspatient,wecansaythatyou_______lotsofpatience.(A)acquire(B)erasable(C)eliminable(D)deletable5.Roses_______greatlyincolor,size,andshape.(A)fragrant(B)vary(C)aroma6.A_______isaprocessthatofteninvolvesaseriesofsteps.(A)breather(B)half-whisper(C)susurrate(D)thorn(D)procedure7.Ifyousayyouhave_______timeforanassignment,thatmeansyouhaveenoughtimetodoit.(A)insufficient(B)adequate(C)wanting(D.quiver8.Anythingthatputspressureonoutemotions,bodies,ormindscanbecalled_______.(A)arrow(B)Stress(C)projectile(D)straight9.Thelmahada_______withherneighborsovertheirdogs’gettingintohergarbagecans.(A)indignant(B)approximately(C)everywhere(D)resent10.WhentheCarveysdidn’tpaytheirrentforthethirdmonthinarow,thelandlordactuallycametotheirdoorto_____them.(A)urge(B)console(C)keen(D)scold11.Inthe1800s,itmusthavebeenverydifficultto_______withpeoplewholivedfaraway.Todayweareallluckytohavephonesandgoodmailservice.(A)liaison(B)connect(C)beam(D)admonishQuestions1-2612.Snowaidsfarmersbykeepingheatinthelowergroundlevels,thereby_____fromfreezing.(A)tosavetheseeds(B)savingtheseeds(C)whichsavestheseeds(D)theseedssaved13._____mineralcontentinthebonesofveryyoungchildrenislowcomparedtothatofadults.(A)Ifthe(B)Thatis(C)The(D)Itisthe14._____,thesilvery-checkedhornbillchoosesahollowtreeforanestandsealsherselfinuntilherchicksaregrown.(A)Protectionforpredatorsagainst(B)Againstprotectionpredatorsfor(C)Forprotectionagainstpredators(D)Predatorsagainstprotectionfor15.Afloodplainisanextensionofariverchannel,_____notinundatedexceptduringaflood.(A)whereisit(B)butitis(C)oris(D)incaseit16.TheUnitedStatesCongressmadeWashington,D.C.,_____in1800.(A)afterthegovernmentcenter(B)ofthegovernmentcenter(C)thecenterofgovernment(D)thenthecenterofgovernment17.AstronomerMariaMitchellwasthefirstwoman_____totheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences.(A)tobeelected(B)waselected(C)whichshewaselected(D)forhertobeelected18._____ofstagingaplaythathelptheaudienceunderstanditsstructureandmeaning.(A)Specificaspects(B)Whenspecificaspects(C)Specificaspectsare(D)Therearespecificaspects19.IllustratorNormanRockwellspecializedinfinelydrawn,richlyanecdotalscenes_____.(A)ofeverydaysmall-townlift(B)ofwhicheverydaylifeinasmalltown(C)wereinasmalltowneveryday(D)small-townlifeeveryday20._____dependsonthedensityofboththeobjectandthewater.(A)Anobjectfloatswhetherornot(B)Whetherornotanobjectfloats(C)Floatinganobjectwhetherornot(D)Whetherornotafloatingobject21.Sturgeonsareprizedfortheirblackishroe,_____whensaltedandservedasanappetizeriscalledcaviar.(A)which(B)such(C)therefore(D)while22.InNavajosociety,notonly_____forfoodandforwoo,butalsoasameansofpaymentorexchange.(A)sheepwerevaluable23.JohnbegantolearnFrenchlastmonth._______.(A)Hissisterdidso(B)Sodidhissister(C)Sohissisterdid(B)tovaluethesheep(C)thesheep'svalue(D)weresheepvalued(D)Hissistersodid24.Thebridge______thisphotowastakenwasbuiltlastyear.(A)which(B)how(C)who(D)where25.Don’tputofftoday’sworktilltomorrow.Thismeanstoday’swork_____today.(A)mustbedone(B)mustdo(C)musttodo(D)musttobedone26.Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?_________(A)Seeyou!(B)Iagreewithyou.(C)Holdon,please.(D)I’dloveto.27.Catherinefeltuncomfortableaspeechbeforethepublicandshethoughtshe'dasktheothersforhelp.(A)make(B)made(C)making(D)havingmade28.Tina________likedogsverymuch,butoneattackedhertwoyearsagososhedoesn'tlikethemanymore.(A)oughtto29.It______atyesterday'smeetingtoraisesalaries_______10%inthenexttwoyears.(A)wasdecided;by(B)hasdecided;with(C)announced;until(D)hasannounced;at30.--Idon'tfeellikegoingtothepartythisevening..Whataboutwatchingthetennisgameonthecomputer?(B)usedto(C)must(D)would--(A)SodoI(B)NorIdo(C)AndIdo(D)NeitherdoI31.--Isthatthetime?Ididn'trealiseitwassolate.Ireallymustbegoing._________________--I'mafraidso,I'vegottostartworkearlytomorrow.(A)Didn'tyouhaveawonderfultime?(B)Doyouhavetoleavesoearly?(C)Canweseeeachotheragainsoon?(D)Willyoupleasestaylonger?32.--CouldyoutellmethetimesoftrainstoCambridge?--Yes,theyleaveonthe--Oh,Ihavetowaitforhalfanhour!(A)Ifyouhurryyoumightjustgetitontime.(B)Thenexttrainwillarriveintwominutes.(C)Youhavenotimetocatchthenexttrain.(D)Andthenextonegoesat5o'clock.33._____Isuggest,healwaysdisagrees.(A)However(B)Whatever(C)Whichever(D)Whoever34.Youshouldputonthenotices______allthepeoplemayseethem.(A)where(B)inwhich(C)At(D)forthem35.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.(A)thatthelittlegirlaskshim(B)thelittlegirlaskshimto(C)forthelittlegirltoaskhim(D)whatthelittlegirlaskshim36.October15thismybirthday,________Iwillneverforget.(A)when(B)that(C)what(D)which(D)which37.Heisbetterthan_______Ilastvisitedhim.(A)when(B)that(C)howSTOPIFYOUFINISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,YOUMAYCHECKYOURWORKONTHISSECTIONONLY.DONOTTURNTOANYOTHERSECTIONINTHETEST.ReadingComprehensionDirectionsInthissectionofthetest,youwillreadsixtextsandanswer30questions.Choosethecorrectanswertoeachquestionandmarktheletterofthecorrectansweronyouranswersheet.Beforeyoustart,readthesampletextandthesamplequestionsbelow.SampleTextTheGoldenGateBridgeisafamousbridgeinSanFrancisco.Thebridgehasaredcolor,butgraycloudsoftensurroundit.Oncleardayspeoplecometotakepicturesofthebridge.Thepicturesshowthegreenhillsnexttothebridgeandthebluewaterunderit.SampleQuestion1Whatisthistextmostlyabout?(A)Grayclouds(B)SanFrancisco(C)Afamousbridge(D)TakingphotographsThecorrectansweris(C),“Afamousbridge.”SampleQuestion2WhatcoloristheGoldenGateBridge?(A)Red(B)Green(C)Blue(D)GrayThecorrectansweris(A),“Red.”Goontothenextpage,andthetestwillbeginwithquestionnumberone.Inthesixteenthcentury,anageofgreatmarineandterrestrialexploration,FerdinandMagellanledthefirstexpeditiontosailaroundtheworld.AsayoungPortuguesenoble,heservedthekingofPortugal,buthebecameinvolvedinthequagmireofpoliticalintrigueatcourtandlosttheking'sfavor.AfterhewasdismissedfromservicetothekingofPortugal,heofferedtoservethefutureEmperorCharlesVofSpain.Apapaldecreeof1493hadassignedalllandintheNewWorldwestof50degreesWlongitudetoSpainandallthelandeastofthatlinetoPortugal.MagellanofferedtoprovethattheEastIndiesfellunderSpanishauthority.OnSeptember20,1519,MagellansetsailfromSpainwithfiveships.Morethanayearlater,oneoftheseshipswasexploringthetopographyofSouthAmericainsearchofawaterrouteacrossthecontinent.Thisshipsank,buttheremainingfourshipssearchedalongthesouthernpeninsulaofSouthAmerica.Finallytheyfoundthepassagetheysoughtnearalatitudeof50degreesS.MagellannamedthispassagetheStraitofAllSaints,buttodayweknowitastheStraitofMagellan.OneshipdesertedwhileinthispassageandreturnedtoSpain,sofewersailorswereprivilegedtogazeatthatfirstpanoramaofthePacificOcean.ThosewhoremainedcrossedthemeridianwenowcalltheInternationalDateLineintheearlyspringof1521afterninety-eightdaysonthePacificOcean.Duringthoselongdaysatsea,manyofMagellan'smendiedofstarvationanddisease.LaterMagellanbecameinvolvedinaninsularconflictinthePhilippinesandwaskilledinatribalbattle.OnlyoneshipandseventeensailorsunderthecommandoftheBasquenavigatorElcanosurvivedtocompletethewestwardjourneytoSpainandthusproveonceandforallthattheworldisround,withnoprecipiceattheedge.1.Thesixteenthcenturywasanageofgreat_exploration.(A)cosmic(B)land(C)mental(D)commonman(E)noneoftheabove2.MagellanlostthefavorofthekingofPortugalwhenhebecameinvolvedinapolitical___.(A)entanglement(B)discussion(C)negotiation(D)problems(E)noneoftheabove3.ThePopedividedNewWorldlandsbetweenSpainandPortugalaccordingtotheirlocationononesideortheotherofanimaginarygeographicalline50degreeswestofGreenwichthatextendsina___direction.(A)northandsouth(B)crosswise(C)easterly(D)southeast(E)northandwest4.OneofMagellan'sshipsexploredthe___ofSouthAmericaforapassageacrossthecontinent.(A)coastline(B)mountainrange(C)physicalfeatures(D)islands(E)noneoftheabove5.Fouroftheshipssoughtapassagealongasouthern__.(A)coast(B)inland(C)bodyoflandwithwateronthreesides(D)border(E)answernotavailable6.Thepassagewasfoundnear50degreesof___.(A)Greenwich(B)Theequator(C)Spain(D)Portugal(E)MadridThelongerfoodiskept,themorelikelyitistoattractinsects.Evenfoodsstoredincontainersoftenattractbugs.Tosolvethisproblem,scientistshavebeenworkingwithdifferentodorsinanattempttofindonestrongenoughtokeepinsectsfromgoingnearfood.Onepossibilitywouldbetouseplantswithstrongsmells,likegarlicorpine,tokeepinsectsaway.Unfortunately,however,usingthesesmellsmightkeepsomepeopleawaytoo!Amorepromisingrepellentiscitronellaoil,whichcomesfromatypeoflemongrass.Anexperimentwasdoneusingthisoilwithacertaininsect,theredflourbeetle.Scientistssprayedcardboardboxeswithcitronellaoilandnoticedthatthebeetlesdidnotenterthoseboxes.Theyweremuchmoreinterestedinboxesthatwerenotsprayed.Oneproblemwithusingcitronellaoilasarepellent,however,isthatitisquiteephemeral—itsimplydoesnotlastverylong.Afterafewmonthsitlosesitssmell,andbugsnolongerfinditunpleasant.Scientistshopetoimprovecitronellaoilsothatitsscentremainsstrongforalongertime.Itwillalsobenecessarytomakesurethattheoilisnotharmfultopeople,asscientistsarestillnotsurewhetheritissafetousearoundfood.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(A)Oilsusedincooking(B)Waysofprotectingfood(C)Thebehaviorofakindofbeetle(D)Smellsproducedbydifferentgrasses8.Thewordonerefersto(A)anodor.(B)aninsect(C)ascientist(D)acontainer9.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheodorsofgarlicandpine?(A)Theylastforalongtime.(B)Theyarenotalwaysverystrong.(C)Theycanbeunpleasanttopeople.(D)Theyattractcertainspeciesofbeetles.10.Whatarerepellents?(A)Afoodsourceforbeetles(B)Machinesusedtogetoilfromplants(C)Substancesusedtokeepinsectsaway(D)Chemicalsusedtospeedupplantgrowth11.WhichsubstanceisNOTmentionedasbeingunpleasanttoinsects?(A)Pine(B)Flour(C)Garlic(D)Citronellaoil12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesprayedboxes?(A)Beetlesavoidedthem.(B)Theywereveryheavy.(C)Theydidnotcontainmuchfood.(D)Manyinsectsweretrappedinthem.13.Thewordephemeralisclosestinmeaningto(A)weightless.(B)short-lived(C)overpriced(D)notdistinguishable14.Whatarescientistshopingtodointhefuture?(A)Breedlargerbeetles(B)Producebetter-tastingfoods(C)Growlemongrassingreaterquantities(D)Maketheodorofcitronellaoillastlonger15.Thewordscentisclosestinmeaningto.(A)smell(B)flavor(C)nature(D)standard16.Whatdoscientistsstillnotknowaboutcitronellaoil?(A)Whatchemicalsitcontains(B)Whereitcomesfrom(C)Whybeetleslikeit(D)HowsafeitisWhenanotheroldcaveisdiscoveredinthesouthofFrance,itisnotusuallynews.Rather,itisanordinaryevent.Suchdiscoveriesaresofrequentthesedaysthathardlyanybodypaysheedtothem.However,whentheLascauxcavecomplexwasdiscoveredin1940,theworldwasamazed.Painteddirectlyonitswallswerehundredsofscenesshowinghowpeoplelivedthousandsofyearsago.Thescenesshowpeoplehuntinganimals,suchasbisonorwildcats.Otherimagesdepictbirdsand,mostnoticeably,horses,whichappearinmorethan300wallimages,byfaroutnumberingallotheranimals.Earlyartistsdrawingtheseanimalsaccomplishedamonumentalanddifficulttask.TheydidnotlimitthemselvestotheeasilyaccessiblewallsbutcarriedtheirpaintingmaterialstospacesthatrequiredclimbingsteepwallsorcrawlingintonarrowpassagesintheLascauxcomplex.Unfortunately,thepaintingshavebeenexposedtothedestructiveactionofwaterandtemperaturechanges,whicheasilyweartheimagesaway.BecausetheLascauxcaveshavemanyentrances,airmovementhasalsodamagedtheimagesinside.Althoughtheyarenotoutintheopenair,wherenaturallightwouldhavedestroyedthemlongago,manyoftheimageshavedeterioratedandarebarelyrecognizable.Topreventfurtherdamage,thesitewasclosedtotouristsin1963,23yearsafteritwasdiscovered.17.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)WildAnimalsinArt(B)HiddenPrehistoricPaintings(C)ExploringCavesRespectfully(D)DeterminingtheAgeofFrenchCaves18.Thewordspaysheedtoareclosestinmeaningto.(A)discovers(B)watches(C)notices(D)buys19.Basedonthepassage,whatisprobablytrueaboutthesouthofFrance?(A)Itishometorareanimals.(B)Ithasalargenumberofcaves.(C)Itisknownforhorse-racingevents.(D)Ithasattractedmanyfamousartists.20.Accordingtothepassage,whichanimalsappearmostoftenonthecavewalls?(A)Birds(B)Bison(C)Horses(D)Wildcats21.Theworddepictisclosestinmeaningto.(A)show(B)hunt(C)count(D)draw22.WhywaspaintinginsidetheLascauxcomplexadifficulttask?(A)Itwascompletelydarkinside.(B)Thecaveswerefullofwildanimals.(C)Paintingmaterialswerehardtofind.(D)Manypaintingspacesweredifficulttoreach.23.ThewordTheyrefersto.(A)walls(B)artists(C)animals(D)materials24.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowinghavecauseddamagetothepaintingsEXCEPT.(A)temperaturechanges(B)airmovement(C)water(D)light25.WhatdoesthepassagesayhappenedattheLascauxcavesin1