(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemman．进退两难的境地；困境3．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图4．entrustvt.委托；交付5．tuitionn．(小组)教学；讲课6．physiciann．医师；(尤指)内科医生7．kindergartenn．学前班；幼儿园8．principlen．道德原则；法则；原则9．passiveadj.被动的；顺从的10．insurancen．保险；保险业11．importn．进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进12．exportn．出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播13．polen．(行星的)极；地极14．lapn．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈15．cafén．咖啡馆；小餐馆16．pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的17．disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n．伪装；化装用具18．maplen．枫树；槭树19．cartn．手推车；运货马车20．limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走21．mightn．力量；威力22．fablen．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．virtuen．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2．faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的4．feen．专业服务费；报酬5．unionn．协会；联合会；工会6．hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用7．colleaguen．同事；同僚8．clinicn．诊所；门诊部9．farawayadj.遥远的10．decaden．十年；十年期11．elsewhereadv.在别处；去别处12．publishvt.发表(作品)；出版13．staffn．员工；全体职员14．savingn．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款15．sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的16．replacevt.接替；取代；更换17．whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传18．midnightn．子夜；午夜19．bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤20．lipn．嘴唇21．chainn．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条22．waitressn．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者23．spillvt.&vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出24．courtn．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭25．flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的26．incomen．收入；收益27．perprep.每；每一28．thereforeadv.因此；所以29．tensionn．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryvt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶2．majorityn．大部分；大多数→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．主修课程3．complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn．抱怨；投诉4．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复5．scholarshipn．奖学金→scholarn．学者6．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受；否决7．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；任命；委任→appointedadj.约定的；指定的8．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选9．scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaryadj.令人恐惧的10．energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energyn．精力；活力；能量11．accidentn．事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地12．operationn．手术；企业；经营→operatevt.&vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转13．assistvt.帮助；援助→assistantn．助理；助手→assistancen．帮助；援助14．harmn．&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.无害的Ⅳ.核心短语1．carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关2．tuitionfees学费3．tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事4．firstaid急救5．passaway去世6．inmemoryof作为对……的纪念7．tripover被……绊倒8．intears流着泪；含着泪9．indespair处于绝望中10．agreatdeal(of)大量高频词汇来助力1．compulsoryadj.义务的；强制的2．condemnvt.谴责；使注定3．conflictvt.冲突；斗争4．consciousadj.神志清醒的；有意识的5．consequencen．结果；后果6．conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的7．considerateadj.体贴的；考虑周到的8．consistentadj.一贯的；一致的经典句式需悟通1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife，...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……2．Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp，DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.想到所有仍需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。3．Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。4．Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.如果一个国家的臣民只是抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。5．Neithershenorherfriendsthoughtaboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.她和她的朋友们都没有想到把石头从路上挪走。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemman．进退两难的境地；困境3．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图4．principlen．道德原则；法则；原则5．insurancen．保险；保险业6．exportvt.出口；输出；传播n．出口；出口商品7．pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的8．disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n．伪装；化装用具9．limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走10．fablen．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分)11．virtuen．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质12．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的13．colleaguen．同事；同僚14．decaden．十年；十年期15．publishvt.发表(作品)；出版16．sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的17．replacevt.接替；取代；更换18．whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传19．bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；蜇n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤20．spillvt.&vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出21．flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的22．incomen．收入；收益23．thereforeadv.因此；所以24．tensionn．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)25．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复26．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；任命→appointedadj.约定的；指定的27．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选28．accidentn．事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地29．operationn．手术；企业；经营→operatevt.&vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转30．assistvt.帮助；援助→assistantn．助理；助手→assistancen．帮助；援助Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题2分，共10分)31．compulsoryadj.义务的；强制的32．condemnvt.谴责；使注定33．consciousadj.神志清醒的；有意识的34．consequencen．结果；后果35．considerateadj.体贴的；考虑周到的Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)36．carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关37．tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事38．passaway去世39．inmemoryof作为对……的纪念40．tripover被……绊倒41．indespair处于绝望中42．agreatdeal(of)大量Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)1．Whenaskedaboutthecompany’sfuture，thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.2．Sorry，Imustgonow.Ihavemadeanappointmentwithmydoctor.3．Firstofall，it’seasiertoreplaceanobjectthantospendtimeandmoneyrepairingit.4．Shewasinadilemmawhethertostudyfurtherabroadortogetajobaftergraduationfromcollege.5．Tourismisthemajorsourceofincome(收入)forthisarea，soitisseriouslyaffectedbytheepidemic.6．Shehassufferedfromthediseasefordecade(十年)andnomedicinecantotallycureher.7．Theyoungwomanisoperatingastoreofherown，soshehasratherflexible(灵活的)workinghours.8．Mythoughtsspilt/spilled(喷涌而出)andmypenstartedtodance.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9．GirlswhomajorinEnglishinourdepartmentareinthemajority.(major)10．TheresidentphysicianoftencomplainsabouthisworkingconditionsandI’mtiredofhiscomplaints.(complain)11．Manypeoplevotedforhimintheelectionandeventuallyhewaselectedaspresident.(elect)12．Seeingthescarywolf，childrenwerescared，butsomeadultsmanagedtoscarethebeastoff.(scare)13．Doctorsoperatedontheinjuredpersonimmediatelyandtheoperationwasverysuccessful.(operate)14．Whenheneededsomeonetoassisthim，hisassistantcametohisassistance.(assist)15．Theboyisalwaysenergetic.I’mcurioustoknowwherehisenergycomesfrom.(energy)Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)16．没有什么比在一个炎热的夏天喝杯冷饮更好的事情了。Nothingcanbebetterthanhavingacolddrinkonahotsummerday.17．他今天早晨起得很晚，感到不太舒服。Hegotuplatethismorning，feelinguncomfortable.18．那个男孩又一次被当场撞见在洗手间里抽烟。Theboywascaughtsmokingagaininthewashingroom.19．那本红色封面的书出版于1988年。Thebookwhosecoverisredwaspublishedin1988.20．他的朋友们和哥哥对他的主意都不感兴趣。Neitherhisfriendsnorhisbrotherwasinterestedinhisidea.Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分LinQiaozhi，whodeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime,1.wasknown(know)asthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，thoughshenevergotmarried.2.Affected(affect)byhermother’sdeath，LinQiaozhidecidedtostudymedicineat3.theageof18insteadoffollowingthe4.traditional(tradition)pathofmarriagelikemanyothergirls.AftergraduatingfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege，shewashiredasaresidentphysician.Havingworkedforafewyears，shewassenttoEuropeandtheUS,5.wheresherejectedherAmericancolleagues’offertostay，andreturnedhome.Thoughappointed6.tohold(hold)manyimportant7.positions(position)，shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients.Sheheldthebelief8.thatdoctorsshouldberesponsible9.forthepatients.DrLinneverretired.Evenasshelay10.dying(die)，shewasstillthinkingofothers.ThisisLinQiaozhi，whodevotedallherlifetohelpingthewomeninneedofherhelp.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元ReadingforWriting部分eq\x(trip，harm，spill，despair，might，complain，crash)Onceakingdisguisedhimselfandwenttoavillage.Inthemiddleofthemainroad，heplacedastone，underwhichhehidsomegold.Amilkman1.crashedintothestone,2.spillingthemilkeverywhere.Afterwards，awomanbalancingapotofwateronherhead3.trippedoverthestone，droppingherpottotheground.Lplainedaboutthestone，butnobodymadeanattempttoremoveit.Thekingwasin5.despair，“Istherenooneinthisvillagewhofeelsanyresponsibilitytokeeptheirneighboursfrom6.harm？”Justthen，ayounggirlwhohadbeenworkingalldaycamealong.Thoughtired，shemoveditoutofthewaywithallher7.might.Tohersurprise，shesawthegoldcoinsunderthestone.Thekingfinallyfoundtheonewholearnedthelessonhewantedtoteachhispeople.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇majorityn.大部分；大多数；大半先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Toourjoy，themajorityofpeoplechoosetocarryothersthroughhardtimeseveniftheyarefacedwithmoraldilemmas.(2)However，themajorityofpeopleare(be)effectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)(3)Amajor(majority)problemofthenewversionofthedictionaryisthattheprintingisnotclear.•a/themajorityof...大多数……beinthe/amajority占大部分/大多数•minorityn．少数；少数派/人；少数民族beinthe/aminority占少数•majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．主修课程注意：“the/amajorityof＋名词”，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致；themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)根据这次调查，大多数人遵守交通信号，违反交通法规的人只占少数。(应用文之调查报告)Accordingtothesurvey，themajorityofpeopleobservetrafficsignals.Thosewhobreaktrafficlawsareonlyintheminority.respondvt.回答；回复vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theresidentphysicianrespondedtothecomplaintsofhispatientsimmediately.(2)Thisisdonemainlytoincreaseproductivity，inresponsetothechallengeofforeigncompetition.(3)Shemadenoresponse(respond)，whichmademeveryangry.•respondto对……做出回应或反应；答复•responsen．回答，答复；反应inresponseto对……的答复；对……做出反应makea/noresponseto对……做出回应/不予回答再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondtomeimmediately.appointvt.任命；委派先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Hewasappointedaschairmanoftheunion，butherejectedthepositionsomehow.(2)Ihaveanappointment(appoint)withDr.Smith，butIneedtochangeit.(3)Thedirectorappointedhimtolook(look)intothosecomplaints.•appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事•appointmentn．约会；约定，预约；委任make/haveanappointment(withsb.)(与某人)约会/预约•appointedadj.约定的；指定的再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文之道歉信)Ihavetoapologizetoyoufornotbeingabletoaccompanyyoutothebookshopattheappointedtime.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓先练基础——单句语法填空(1)WhenIsawapregnantwomantripover，Iwasscaredtodeath.(2)Shewasscaredtogo(go)intotheyardbecauseabigdogwasinit.(3)Shewasscaredofwalking(walk)homealone，soshecalledataxi.(4)Someparentstrytoscaretheirchildrenintobehavingwell.•bescaredtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb./sth.害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath吓得要死odoingsth.恐吓某人做某事•scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(5)当我意识到那头熊又回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江，读后续写)WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath.assistvt.帮助；协助；援助先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theyhiredanursetoassisttheirmotherwithherlifeuntilshepassedaway.(2)Manystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance(assist)，pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617.(2020·全国Ⅰ)(3)We’lldoallwecantoassistyoutofinish(finish)thistasktomakesureyoucanfinishitonschedule.•assistsb.todo/indoingsth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.with/insth.在某方面帮助某人•assistancen．帮助；协助cometoone’sassistance援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下•assistantn．助手；助理；售货员再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵(4)在他们妈妈的帮助下，他们设法做出了美味的爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Withtheassistanceoftheirmother，theymanagedtomakedeliciouspopcorn.(5)正当他担心爆米花卖不完的时候，John来帮助他。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Whenhewasworriedthathecouldn’tselloutthepopcorn，Johncametohisassistance.harmn.&v.伤害；损害；危害先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Agreatdealoftensiontendstodoharmtopeople’shealthmentally.(2)Themedicineisharmfultochildrenbutharmless(harm)toadults.(3)Thereisnoharm(in)giving(give)upsmoking.•dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害•Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.做某事无害处。•harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto对……有害•harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤害的再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康都有害处。Beingaddictedtoonlinegamesisharmfultoourphysicalandmentalhealth.agreat/gooddealof许多的；大量的先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Aftersheretired，shedonatedagreatdealofhersavingstoakindergarten.(2)Heranagreatdealfaster(fast)thanthepolicemanandatlastheescapedbeingcaught.•agreat/gooddeal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。•agreatdeal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。•agreat/gooddealof许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用agreatmany(of)。再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(3)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。Hespentagreatdealoftimewiththepoorfamilies，andhelearnedagreatdealfromtheexperience.“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than”表达最高级含义Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife，...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Ihadneverspentamoreworrying(worry)daythanthedaywhenIwaswaitingfortheresultofthecollegeentranceexamination.(2)Inmyopinion，nothingismorepleasant(pleasant)thantraveling.本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：再也没有比这更……的了。再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(3)还有什么比帮助别人更有意义的事吗？(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Isthereanythingthatismoremeaningfulthanhelpingothers?(4)John从来没有感到如此自豪。Johnhasneverfeltmorefulfilledinhislife.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．Hetendstheflowerbedsthathehasplantedinthedriveway.料理；照顾2．Theoperationofthismachineseemstobesimplebutinfactitisn’t.操作3．Ithinkthemoralofthestoryistoletthebuyerbeware.寓意4．Hetriedwithallhismighttoopenthedoorbutitstayedshut.力气；威力5．Thisnovelhasbeenadaptedfortelevision.改编；改写6．Howwillyouobserveyourbirthday？庆祝Ⅱ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍sharpeq\x(A.adj.急剧的B.adj.敏锐的C.adj.锋利的D.adv.整点地E.adj.急转的；陡的F.adj.清晰的)1．Shestudiedtheyoungmanwithhersharpbrighteyes.B2．Recentlytherehasbeenasharpdeclineininterestingardeningthroughoutthetown.A3．Iwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.E4．Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8：00sharpthismorning.D5．Allthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.F6．Shehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.CⅢ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.2．Themajority(major)ofstudentsshowrespectandgratitudetotheirteachers.3．Hiscolleaguesassistedhimindecoratingthehouseforhiswedding.4．Sheisappointed(appoint)torepresentustosendourcongratulationsattheweddingceremony.5．Theboyssetofffirecrackerstoscareawaythemonkeys.6．Whenthebossarrived，thejoyfulatmospherewasreplacedby/withaseriousone.7.Afterall，itisimmoraltotakeadvantageofothers’weaknesstodoharmtothem.8．Tohissurprise，hefoundagreatdealofmoneyintheenvelope.9．Somefestivalsareheldinmemoryoftheirancestors.10．Ihaveneverexperiencedamoreexciting(exciting)momentthannow.Ⅳ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(2020·浙江)1．听到了直升机的轰鸣声，我们是如此兴奋以至于欢呼起来。(doing作状语)Hearingtheroarofthehelicopter，weweresoexcitedthatwecriedoutofjoy.2．世界上没有比这更加动听的音乐了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)Therewasnomusicmorepleasantthanit.3．我们上了直升机，其巨大的轰鸣声把熊暂时吓走了。(whose引导的定语从句)Wegotonthehelicopter，whoseloudsoundscaredthebearoffforamoment.4．但是三分钟以后，这只熊被发现正在为了寻找面包而朝着我们的厨房走去。(doing作主语补足语)However，threeminuteslater，thebearwasfoundmakingitswaytoourkitchentosearchforthebread.5．尽管我们很害怕，Ellie和我对这次冒险都不后悔。(neither...nor...)Frightenedaswewere，neitherEllienorIregrettedthisadventure.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：doing作状语或宾补)eq\x(complain，scare，whisper，reject，precious，despair，replace)LiHua，amedicalstudent，waswalkingbyakindergartenwhenanaccidenthappened.Apregnantwomantrippedoverandfainted.Seeingthis,herfirstresponsewastoconductfirstaid，butapasser-by1.whisperedtoher“Thinktwice.”Shewasinamoraldilemma.Afterashorthesitation，shechosetosendthewomantoaclinic.A