2011英语真题及答案解析

2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)SectionI UseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But-1 someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes2 short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels, 3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5 benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8 muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof 10 feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11 oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted 12 physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry 13 theyaresadbutbecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso 14 tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15 muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16 apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17 expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles 18 moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown, 19 thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable 6．[A]Inturn [B]Infact [C]Inaddition [D]Inbrief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious[D]internal11．[A]Exceptfor [B]Accordingto [C]Dueto [D]Asfor12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed[B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently[C]Similarly SectionII ReadingPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.WelearnfromthatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwho[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.AccordingtoParagraphseniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredbytheirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthe[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingreputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyareobscssedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeatureasafebusinessenvironment.randomcompetition.strongusertraffic.flexibilityinorganization.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmediainviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasaneratingwithsupportiveconsumers.takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.Dominanceofhijackedmedia.Popularityofownedmedia.Text4It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–newlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalit tlebitlikeJenniferAniston.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingrewardWelearnfromParagraph2thatcelebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildless[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazines[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebrity[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldpoButmostfinditdifficulttoagreeogaaeducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhateforasortofsocialglue.Equallunsurprisinglyabouthalendupwithprofessorshiorwhichtheyenteregraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebacheldegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,atthedecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichthavenotbeentrained.OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsitopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekepttaughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHaundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-speliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.BesidesprofessionaliziheprofessionbythisseparationtopAmericanuniversitiaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededthepr1960and1990,buthalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.BuideabehindMrMenand,isandforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.ThekeytorefrminghighereducationconcludeMrMenand,istoaltethewayinwhich“theproducerofknowledgeareproduced.”Otherwiademicswilcontinutothindangerouslalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,inv.acemicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”YetquitehowthatMrMenanddosenotsay.ThesubtleandintelligentlilMtlaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceintheAmericanUniversihouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaytdecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanandMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAianin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.tofefameofsbookssntsdonoteaperson,yrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed. Infat,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.SectionⅢPartA51.Directions:Writealettertoafriendofyourstorecommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand2)givereasonsforyourrecommendationYourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING”instead.Donotwritertheaddress.(10PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,explainit’sintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解SectionIUseofEnglish1-5CDBBA 6-10BADCA 11-15BCDCB 16-20DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。2.D解析：语义辨析题。上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。A.reflect“反映”，B.demand“要求”，C.indicate“表明，暗示”，D.produce“产生”，只有D选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。3.B解析：语义搭配题。文中提笑能够 心律呼吸速率”A.stabilizing意思“安定，稳”，B.boosting“促进，推impairing“损害，削determining“决定”，根据语境应该笑能够促进心律呼吸速”，B为正确答案。4.B解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思但是因为大笑很难 ，一次狂笑不可……”，四个选项的含义分别是A.transmit传播sustain“维持evaluate“评observe“观”，根据语境，只有B.sustain符合语境。5.A解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。”A.measurable“重大的，重要的”，B.manageable“易控制的”，C.affordable“负担得起的”，D.renewable“”“”搭配的只有A.measurable6.B……用Inturn意思是“Inaddition“另外Inbrief意思是”B.Infact“事实上符合上下文语境，是正确选项。7.A“45分钟内会降低”A.opposite8.D“笑肌肉hardens“weakens“减少tightens“是变紧”，D.relaxes“放松”“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确实起到了相。“”D.relaxes，故正确。9.C解析：语义搭配题。这句话的意思“这样的身体放松可能会帮助 心理紧张状态的影响”A.aggravate“加剧，恶”，B.generate“使形成，发”，C.moderate“节制，减”，D.enhance“增加”，根据上下文语境，只能“减轻心理压”，故C是正确选项。10.A解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是“笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。”其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他反馈”，应该是和“笑”相呼应的，故正确选项是A。11.B“Exceptfor表示……”B.According根据，按照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案C.Due”后面跟一般原因，D.Asfor“至于，就……方面说”用以转换话题和表现态度，故排除。12.Cberootedin“来源于……”berooted排除。13.D解析逻辑关系题这句话的意思人们不会 他们伤心而哭但当开始流泪时他们才变得伤心伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是D.because。14.Calthoughalthough表示假设，让步。由上文提到当人们流“”A.exhausts“使”，BfollowsCprecedes“……之前发生()”；D.suppresses“”，语义不符。15.B”A.into“…………里Bfrom来自C.towardsD.beyond“”意思不符合，故排除。16.D解析：词义辨析题。A.fetch“取来”，B.bite“咬，叮”，C.pick“采，摘”，D.hold“拿，抱，握住”，根据上下文信息可知该实验要求志愿者用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支笔。hold的意思最符合。17.A/“”disappointed“”excitedjoyful“快乐的indifferent“”都不符合语境，故排除。18.D解析：词义辨析题。A.adaptedto“变得习惯于……,使适应于……”，B.cateredto“迎合，满足某种需要或要求”，C.turned……to“转向”，D.reactedto“对……作出反应”，根据原文表达需要“在观看有趣的动画片时……”此处正确选项是D.reactedto。19.AA.suggestingBrequiring”，Cmentioning”，D.supposing“都不符合上下文语境，故排除。20.C“”“笑的生理A.EventuallyB.总结”Conversely表示相反CSimilarly“相似的是SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartATextOne21.C解析：推断题。本题要求根据文章第一段，判断社会对Gilbert的任命有什么回应和反响。根据原文第一段第二句“Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,…”和“Hooray!Atlast!”可知回应是积极的，因此正确答案是[C]receivedacclaim(得到称赞)。22.B解析：细节题。根据TommasiniGilberthimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnorofeformidablerthimTommasini认为Gilbert是anunpretentiousmusicia。unpretentiousun()pretentiouspretentious可以想到pretend)，unpretentious是“”[B]modest(谦逊的)意思最为接近，故[B]项为正确答案。23.D解析：推断题。本题考查作者对于现场表演的虔诚追随者的观点态度。从文章第三段可知，作者自/concertgoers认为录音不能”devotedconcertgoersaremissingthe现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,veryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances，即录音便宜、容易得到，且通[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances(高估了现)devotedconcertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。24.D解析：推断题。关于recordings“Theserecordingsarecheaeedyofhrecordingshasbrought”[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneral大众很容易就能得到)为正确答案。25.A解析：态度题。本题考查作者对于Gilbertwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopesto。”很明显作者认为“GilbertthePhilharmonic”Gilbert[A]项doubtful()为正确答案。TextTwo26.B解析：细节题。题目问到“当McGee宣布他离开时，对他的态度可以最好的描述为。”文章首段首句提到，“WhenLiamMcGeedepartedhisexplanationwassurprisinglystraight。”，即LiamMcGeernghistneusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaid他不是用通常模糊的理由掩饰他的离开，而是坦率地说……”[B]frank()“straightup”“rightout”的同义替换。27.D思考他想要经营什么样的公司，他的离职给外界传递了他的aspirations(渴望)。第三句AndMcGeeisn’t。McGee”theNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpress…quitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaOpost[D项theirpursuitofnewcareergoals()为正确答案。28.C解析：词义题。第四段首句是该段中心句，谈到辞去高级职位寻找更好职位的决定不是常规的。后poachedyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbeCEO……”，从含义上我们可以推断出bepoached“”[B]项和[C]项中选答案。考虑到[C]huntedfor含义正确，且是文中出现的headhunterssearchapprovedof(、[B]attended)[D]guardedagainst(与原文意思相反。29.Afinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone一步证明这一观点，猎头说：传统的规则认为呆在原地更安全，但是这已经从根本上改变了。那些最受伤的人们是那些呆最长时间的人[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheir高管过去常常坚)“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertosaywhereyouarebutthat’sbeenfundamentally的同义替换。30.CLiamMcGee的故事开头，他宣布离职的方式非常坦率，两周后找到了新职位。第二段继续谈到，McGee在没有找到新职位的情况下离开，这给了他思考未来的时间，同他一样，高管第四段的中心是辞去高级职位然后去寻找更好的工作不是常规做法。第五段谈到没有工作就跳槽的那些人并不总是很快就有高职位。第六段讲如今跳槽或离开不好的工作更为可取。文章一直在重复”[C]TopManagersJumpwithouta高管们在没有新工)“McGeeleavingwithoutapositionlinedup，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutaquitapositiontolookforabetterwithoutajob”都在重复这个主题。TextThree31.D解析：细节题。题“当消费时，可能会造‘免费媒体。定位到第一段第三句前半句话“Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingitto“免费’”enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavorite。32.C解析细节推断题题由第二段可知收费媒体的特点定位到第二段第四“Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-ecommerceengi