考研考博-英语-厦门华天涉外职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门华天涉外职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Shesaysmorethanone______dismissedfromthiscompany.

问题1选项

A.havebeen

B.shouldbe

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：她说这家公司应该解雇的不止一个人。morethanone表示复数意义，但是使用单数形式，A选项havebeen错误。现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，这里没有强调对现在造成影响，C选项hasbeen错误。过去完成时表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件，这里也不是过去完成时，D选项hadbeen错误。B选项shouldbe在这里表示猜测，是一般现在时，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Nowpowerproperlyunderstoodis（

）theabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,political,andeconomicchange.

问题1选项

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.all

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定代词。第二句说到“它是改变社会、政治和经济所需要的一种力量”，这是对第一句的解释，可知第一句中说的“权力”无非是达到目的的一种能力。因此A选项nothingbut“只不过，无非”符合题意。

3.单选题

Shetriedtogetacopyofthe（

）,sothatshecouldcookthedishherself.

问题1选项

A.menu

B.prescription

C.recipe

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。menu意为“菜单”；prescription意为“处方，药方”；recipe意为“食谱”；instruction意为“操作指南，指示，命令”。由后半句shecouldcookthedishherself（她可以自己做饭）可知选C。

句意：她试着要一份食谱，这样她就可以自己做饭了。

4.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

问题2选项

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

问题3选项

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

问题4选项

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

问题5选项

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到我第一次在伦敦旅行时还是个学生。那时候依依不舍地离开妈妈的怀抱，还提着一个装满家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段提到尽管是在战后艰苦的日子，我们依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象当第一天到达伦敦寓所吃的食物的沮丧心情。所以选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位至第三段。作者认为旅店女老板的装扮非常俗气，而他的朋友亚瑟在那里待了三天后对伦敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都没有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪华的接待区和破败的休息室和餐厅以及阁楼水槽等，并说到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪华的外表下竟是破败的内在。因此D项“虚有其表”正确。

第4题:作者和他的朋友的房间并不比顶楼大多少，四周是斑驳的墙壁。有一个褪了色的水池，水管整夜响不停，摆放的几件家具还比不上英国监狱局的。所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章倒数第一段提到日常的隐私和平静可以保护我们不会堕落成疯狂的凶手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一个人需要休息的场所和喘息的时间。所以选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Depressed,overworkedand______bythosepeoplewhomheowedmoneyto,hedecidedtoputanendtohisproblems.

问题1选项

A.bewitched

B.bewildered

C.besmirched

D.beset

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bewitched“（使）鬼迷心窍；（使）着迷，陶醉”；B选项bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项besmirched“弄脏；诽谤，玷污”；D选项beset“困扰；镶嵌；围绕”。句意：他情绪低落，工作过度，被那些欠他钱的人所困扰，他决定做个了结。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Wecannotimaginewhatatoughjobitistoreadmusicfromaphotocopyofahandwritten（）inoldGerman.

问题1选项

A.submission

B.manuscript

C.substance

D.manipulation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项submission“屈服，提交”，B选项manuscript“手稿，手抄本”，C选项substance“物质，要旨”，D选项manipulation“操纵，篡改”，句意：我们无法想象从古德语手抄本上阅读音乐是一项多么困难的工作。因此，B选项符合句意。

7.单选题

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

问题1选项

A.impression

B.reaction

C.comprehension

D.sentiment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。B选项reaction“反应”。A选项impression“印象，感想”。C选项comprehension“理解，包含”。D选项sentiment“感情，情绪”。句意：有时，学生可能被要求写自己对与研究课题相关的某本书或某篇文章的看法。impression和comprehension通常与of连用，reactiontosth..表示“（对情况、行动、影响等做出的）反应，回应”。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Ifitistruethatmoralitycannotexistwithoutreligion,thendoesnottheerosionofreligionheraldthe_______ofmorality?

问题1选项

A.regulation

B.basis

C.belief

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】regulation管理,规则;basis基础,底部;belief信仰,教义;collapse失败,衰竭。句意：如果没有宗教,道德就不可能存在,那么宗教的侵蚀不就预示着道德的崩溃吗?选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

问题1选项

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项conscious“意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词skeptical“怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。

10.单选题

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.

TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.

OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.

OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.

ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means（）.

3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich（）.

4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat（）.

5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania（）.

问题1选项

A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.

问题2选项

A.separated

B.distinguished

C.revealed

D.madeknown

问题3选项

A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture

C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions

B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify

D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

问题5选项

A.toescapediscrimination

B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

D.forreligiousreasons

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。原文第一段第一句指出美国是一个由许多不同种族组成的国家，由此引出种族歧视，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的种族都帮助美国成为一个伟大的国家。选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。根据原文句意，通常它们是混合在一起的，无法区分。由此可推测，told指无法区分的，选项B符合句意。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”几乎每一个群体最终都能摆脱这种歧视。说明每个种族都曾经历过歧视，所以选项A正确。

4.细节推理题。根据第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧视的一个原因是他们一直努力保持自己的身份。选项B符合原文。本题容易错选A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷兰人由于宗教原因与其他种族分开，而不是印第安人，所以不正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasons...”可知选项D正确。

11.单选题

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界爱好和平的人民的谴责。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

12.写作题

Somepeoplebelievethatarangeoftechnologyavailablehasincreasedthegapbetweenrichpeopleandpoorpeople,butothersbelieveithasoppositeeffects.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

【答案】略

13.单选题

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.

问题1选项

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。seekfor“寻求，追求”；accountfor“对…做出解释”；turnup“出现，发生”；resortto“依靠，求助于，诉诸”。句意：如果我没到如此绝望的地步，我是不会诉诸法律的。根据前后句意可知D项符合，答案D

14.单选题

Thedirectorgavemehis（

）thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”；B选项obligation“责任”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”D选项certainty“必然，确定”。句意：主管给我（）如果我工作做得好他会给我双倍工资。根据从句后面的内容涨双倍工资只是一个保证，所以答案选C，A选项是指一种书面的证明，所以不能选。

15.单选题

Whybothercooking?Youdon'thavetime,ofcourse(oryouthinkyoudon’t).Thatisthebigreason.Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals,soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou.Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients.MichaelPollanthinksyoushouldbother.Hislatestbook,Cooked,isapowerfulargumentforareturntohomecooking.

Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet.WehaveseentheslowretreatfromthekitchenasaprimarycontributiontoAmerica’sobesityepidemicandotherhealthandenvironmentalills.ButperhapsonlyPollancansoeffectivelypickupthethreadsofsomanyfoodmovements,philosophiesandresearchpapersandknitthemintoacompellingnarrativewithacrystal-clearmessage.Hewrites“Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade.”

Don'tbetagainsthim.Becauseofthepowerofhisproseandhisreasoning,CookedmayprovetobejustasinfluentialasPollan’sotherbook.TheOmnivore'sDilemma,possiblythesinglemost-citedtextbythosewhoprofessconcernwithhowoureatingchoicesaffectplanet.

AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma,Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches,soinCookedhetakesjustasmuchofahands-onapproachashesuggestshisreadersdo.Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking-barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation-and,asthebook’ssubtitlepromises,explorescookingasnolessthanatransformationofnatureintofoodanddrink.

Theresultsarefascinating,butthemagicofCookedliesnotinitsabilitytounlockthesecretsofslow-roastingawholehogorbrewingbeer.Therearemuchmorehelpful,intensiveinstructionalmaterialsforthatkindofthing.No,whatPollanpullsoffisevenmoreimpressive.HemanagestoilluminatethewealthofconnectionsthatstemfromourDIYtimeinthekitchen.“Tocookforthepleasureofit,”hewrites,“todevoteaportionofourleisuretoit,istodeclareourindependencefromthecorporationsseekingtoorganizeoureverywakingmomentintoyetanotheroccasionforconsumption.”

1.“Corporations”(Paragraph2)inthepassagerefertothosewho（）.

2.Toencourageareturntohomecooking.Pollanadvises（）.

3.WhatistrueaboutTheOmniore’sDilemma?

4.“Fermentation’’(Paragraph4)islikelytobetalkedaboutinthesectionof（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelytobe（）.

问题1选项

A.sellyoujunkfoods

B.teachyouhowtocookfoods

C.prepareorprocessfoodsforyou

D.dothehomecookingforyou

问题2选项

A.seekingforprofessionalhelp

B.teachingtheprocessesofcooking

C.understandingphilosophiesaboutfood

D.launchingmanyfoodmovements

问题3选项

A.Itexpressesconcernovertheenvironment

B.Itisaboutthedilemmatheplanetisfacedwith

C.Itisaboutthedilemmaofhomecooking

D.Itsauthortakesapractice-orientedapproach

问题4选项

A.fire

B.water

C.air

D.earth

问题5选项

A.areviewofabook

B.adefenseforacourseofaction

C.aguidebookforcooking

D.aninstructionforconsumingfood

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:词义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet(包括我在内的几十位食品作家和编辑长期以来一直在哀叹corporations对公众饮食的影响越来越大)。因此对corporations的理解可参照上段:Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals，soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou(然而，你也可能做饭做得没有专业人员那样好，因此让他们为你处理饭是吸引人的)，以及:Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients(或至少让他们以餐点装配商店、蛋糕材料、罐装、冷藏和预先剁碎的材料的形式给你一个有利的开端)。由此可知，corporations指那些为你准备或加工食物的人。

第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:...Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade(要恢复食物的真实性，使它回到我们生活中的适当位置，最好的方法就是试图掌握传统上制造食物的物理过程)，由此可知B项“教授烹饪的过程”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干关键词TheOmniore’sDilemma定位至第四段:AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches(如同在《杂食动物的困境》一书中一样，Pollan知晓他的可信性依赖于愿意去实行他所讲道的…)，由此可知D项“它的作者采取了一个以实践为导向的方法”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。倒数第二段指出:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking—barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(在这种情况下，他将这本书分为四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、面包烤制和发酵…)，由此可知D项“大地”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段提到:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcookingbarbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(这种情况下，他将这本书分成四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、面包烤制和发酵…)，由此推测这篇文章可能是一篇书评。

16.单选题

TheCopperheadisavenomousserpent,foundasfarnorthastheBlueHillsinMassachusetts,and________bitehasproveddangeroustohikersandjoggers.

问题1选项

A.who

B.whom

C.its

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查物主代词和从句连词。分析题干，两个句子都不缺主要成分的，所以空格前应填一个形容词或者副词来修饰bite，结合选项，答案应该选C。干扰项D是错误的，如果填whose就是把后面看成了一个从句，但是两个句子是and，填whose会造成从句没有先行词。

17.单选题

Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.suchastheynowtalk

B.liketheynowtalk

C.asmuchastheynowdo

D.astheynowdo

【答案】D

【解析】考查比较级。在as...as...引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quicklyandeasily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。

18.单选题

BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.，theByzantineEmpire(拜占庭帝国)stagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleandextinguishedtheempirealtogether.Thewealthofthestateanditssubjectswasgreatlydiminished,andartisticandliteraryproductionhadvirtuallyceased.Bytheearlyeleventhcentury,however,theempirehadregainedalmosthalfofitslostpossessions,itsnewfrontiersweresecure,anditsinfluenceextendedfarbeyonditsborders.Theeconomyhadrecovered,thetreasurywasfull,andartandscholarshiphadadvanced.

ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.RomeunderAugustusandfifth-centuryAthensprovidethemostobviousexamplesinantiquity.Moreover,anexaminationoftheapparentsequentialconnectionsamongmilitary,economic,andculturalformsofprogressmighthelpexplainthedynamicsofhistoricalchange.

ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.

Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.Yetitisnotclearthatmilitaryadvancesinvariablycamefirst.Economicadvancessecond,andintellectualadvancesthird.Inthe860’stheByzantineEmpirebegantorecoverfromArabincursionssothatby872themilitarybalancewiththeAbbasidCaliphatehadbeenpermanentlyalteredintheempire’sfavor.Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.Anumberofnotablescholarsandwritersappearedby788and,bythelastdecadeoftheeighthcentury,aculturalrevivalwasinfullbloom,arevivalthatlasteduntilthefallofConstantinoplein1453.Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.

41.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthetext?

42.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheByzantineEmpiresustainedsignificantterritoriallosses___.

43.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthormostprobablyprovidesanexplanationoftheapparentconnectionsamongeconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentinorderto___.

44.WhichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionascrucialevidenceconcerningthemannerinwhichtheByzantinerevivalbegan?

45.Accordingtotheauthor,“Thecommonexplanation”(paragraph3)ofconnectionsbetweeneconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentis___.

问题1选项

A.TheByzantineEmpirewasauniquecaseinwhichtheusualorderofmilitaryandeconomicrevivalprecedingculturalrevivalwasreversed.

B.Theeconomic,cultural,andmilitaryrevivalintheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturieswassimilarinitsordertothesequenceofrevivalinAugustanRomeandfifth-centuryAthens.

C.After810Byzantineeconomicrecoveryspurredamilitaryand,later,culturalexpansionthatlasteduntil1453.

D.TherevivaloftheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesshowsculturalrebirthprecedingeconomicandmilitaryrevival,thereverseofthegenerallyacceptedsequenceofprogress.

问题2选项

A.in600

B.duringtheseventhcentury

C.acenturyaftertheculturalachievementsoftheByzantineEmpirehadbeenlost

D.soonaftertherevivalofByzantinelearning

问题3选项

A.suggestthattheprocessofrevivalinByzantiumaccordswiththismodel

B.setupanorderofeventsthatisthenshowntobenotgenerallyapplicabletothecaseofByzantium

C.castaspersionsontraditionalhistoricalscholarshipaboutByzantium

D.suggestthatByzantiumrepresentsacaseforwhichnohistoricalprecedentexists

问题4选项

A.TheByzantinemilitaryrevivalofthe860’sledtoeconomicandculturaladvances.

B.TheByzantineculturalrevivallasteduntil1453.

C.TheByzantineeconomicrecoverybeganinthe900’s.

D.TherevivalofByzantinelearningbegantowardtheendoftheeighthcentury.

问题5选项

A.revolutionaryandtoonewtohavebeenappliedtothehistoryoftheByzantineEmpire

B.reasonable,butanantiquatedtheoryofthenatureofprogress

C.notapplicabletotheByzantinerevivalasawhole,butdoesperhapsaccuratelydescribelimitedperiodsduringtherevival

D.equallyapplicabletotheByzantinecaseasawholeandtothehistoryofmilitary,economic,andculturaladvancesinancientGreeceandRome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段开头BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.（在公元8世纪到11世纪之间，拜占庭帝国上演了一场几乎无与伦比的经济和文化复兴，这种复兴之所以格外引人注目，是因为它经历了一段长时间的严重内部衰退）和最后一段结尾Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.（因此，在拜占庭，人们普遍期望的军事复兴，随后是经济复苏，然后是文化复苏的秩序被逆转了。事实上，拜占庭学习的复兴本身可能影响了后来的经济和军事扩张）可知选D选项“拜占庭帝国在8世纪和11世纪之间的复兴显示了经济和军事复兴之前的文化复兴，与普遍接受的进步秩序相反”；根据第二段开头ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.（将拜占庭的军事、文化和经济进步视为单一现象的不同方面是合理的。毕竟，这三种形式的进步在许多国家和文明中是同时发生）可知A选项“拜占庭帝国是一个独特的例子，在文化复兴之前，通常的军事和经济复兴的秩序被逆转了”错误，文中只是说明了拜占庭帝国的发展顺序与一般的不一样，但并未说明唯一；B选项“810年后，拜占庭的经济复苏刺激了军事和文化的扩张，这种扩张一直持续到1453年”，C选项“8世纪拜占庭学术的复兴是一种无法解释的现象，它的经济和军事先驱尚未被发现”只是文章中的部分内容，并不能概括文章主旨。因此D选项符合题意。

42.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600…（到了八世纪初，帝国在公元600年失去了大约三分之二的领土）可以推断出在七世纪时拜占庭帝国遭受到了严重的领域损失，所以到八世纪初，帝国失去了大约三分之二的领土，选B选项“在七世纪”，同时可知A选项“600年”错误；C选项“拜占庭帝国的文化成就消失后的一个世纪”和D选项“拜占庭学习复兴后不久”和原文不符，排除。因此B选项正确。

43.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.（在拜占庭的例子中，对这些明显联系的一般解释是这样的：当帝国拒绝了敌人对自己领土的袭击，并开始突袭和征服敌人的领土时，拜占庭的资源自然扩大了，更多的钱可以用来资助艺术和文学。因此，拜占庭的军事成就导致了经济的发展，经济的发展反过来又导致了文化的复