考研考博-英语-南京师范大学泰州学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京师范大学泰州学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

问题1选项

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

问题2选项

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.Carnegie

问题3选项

A.HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.

B.Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.

C.Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.

D.Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.

问题4选项

A.togainprofitfromthegod

B.togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision

C.togainforeknowledge

D.togainobjectiveconclusion

问题5选项

A.Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.

B.Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.

C.ContactwithGod.

D.Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（这看起来像一个典型的商务会议。六名身穿白衬衫、打着领带的男子鱼贯进入雅加达一家小公司的会议室，在一张长桌旁坐下。但他们并没有查阅档案或听取报告，而是闭上眼睛，开始冥想，向古代爪哇国王的灵魂寻求帮助）由此得知在印尼，商人们经营公司的方式很独特，结合第三段BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.（商人Hadisiko说，他的团队每周四都要禁食冥想一整夜，以便更接近上帝，与过去伟人的灵魂接触。“如果我们想聘请管理层的人，我们会一起思考，通常会得到这样的信息：这个人守不住钱，或者他不值得信任）可以推测出印尼的商人做生意最重要的因素是冥想，选C选项“冥想”；A选项“神秘主义”，B选项“宗教”以及D选项“投资”都不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“consult”定位到第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他们并没有查阅档案或听取报告，而是闭上眼睛，开始冥想，向古代爪哇国王的灵魂寻求帮助）可知选A选项“古爪哇国王的灵魂”；B选项“WaliUllah”，C选项“老国王”以及D选项“卡耐基”皆不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“Hadisiko”定位到原文第三段Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.（接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历）可知选B选项“表明他们也关注资质”；A选项“他认为神秘主义不像预期的那么好”，C选项“显示他们雇用了合格的人”以及D选项“展示科学管理与宗教结合的可能性”皆不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.（其中一名冥想者说，他每周的冥想课程主要是为了带来心灵的平静，从而做出好的决定），以及第三段Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition…”（远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。“有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和与过去领袖的接触会使你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐……”）可以推测出冥想的功能是让人变得平静，以至做出更好的决定，选B选项“得到冷静头脑来决策”；A选项“从神那里获得利益”，C选项“获得预知”和D选项“获得客观结论”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”定位到第三段Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.（神秘冥想帮助扭转了他的公司在1980年中期经历的业务下滑的局势。按照正常的业务流程，他仅在那一年就损失了300多万美元），结合第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他们并没有查阅档案或听取报告，而是闭上眼睛，开始冥想，向古代爪哇国王的灵魂寻求帮助）可知“正常业务流程操作”应表示不冥想不禁食，选B选项“没有沉思和斋戒的常规做生意”；A选项“采用西方经营方式”属于过度推测，原文并没有明确表示该观点；C选项“与上帝接触”，D选项“把合适的人放在合适的岗位上”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Tryingto（）thebestcourseofactioninthefaceofthedecliningmarket,heconsultedCharlesBillwhohadworkedforaleadingfirminChicagoasmarketingconsultantformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.reasonout

B.markout

C.spellout

D.sendout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。reasonout“推理出，推论出”；markout“规划；制定”；spellout“讲清楚”；sendout“发送，派遣”。根据后面heconsultedCharlesBill“他咨询了查尔斯•比尔”可知他是“为了制定最好的行动方案来面对衰退的市场”，因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Hitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhe（

）theSecondWorldWar.

问题1选项

A.implemented

B.launched

C.took

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项implement“实行，实施”；B选项launch“发动，发起”；C选项take“取，拿”；D选项practice“练习，实行”。由题干“第二次世界大战”可知“launch发动”符合题意，句意为：希特勒发动二战时全副武装。故答案选B。

4.单选题

（）theheattoasimmerandcontinuetocookforanother8-10minutesoruntilmostofthewaterhasevaporated.

问题1选项

A.Turnoff

B.Turndown

C.Turnover

D.Turnup

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项turnoff“关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向；使失去兴趣”；B选项turndown“减小，关小，调低；拒绝”；C选项turnover“移交给；翻阅；把……翻过来；发动；营业额达到；反复考虑”；D选项turnup“出现；发生；开大；发现；卷起；使仰卧”。句意：把火关小炖，继续煮8-10分钟，或直到大部分水蒸发。因此B选项正确。

5.翻译题

1.Chinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinhelpingtheinternationalcommunityintheprocessoferadicatingextremepovertyby2030.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopeningupinthelate1970s,Chinahashelpedasmanyas400millionpeopleoutofpoverty.Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountriesinpovertyreduction,educationdevelopment,agriculturalmodernization,environmental,protection,healthcareandsoon.Chinahasmaderemarkableprogressinpovertyalleviation,andithasmadeunremittingeffortsinpromotingeconomicgrowth.Thiswillencourageotherpoorcountriestocopewiththeirowndevelopmentchallenges.ThesecountriescanlearnfromChina’sexperienceinseekingthepathofdevelopmentwiththeirowncharacteristics.

【答案】1.中国在帮助国际社会到2030年消除极度贫困的进程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。自上世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已帮助多达4亿人摆脱贫困。未来5年里，中国将在减贫、教育发展、农业现代化、环境保护、卫生保健等方面向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国在减贫方面取得了显著进展，在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力。这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身的发展挑战。这些国家在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，可以借鉴中国的经验。

6.单选题

Herjewelry（

）underthespotlightsandshebecamethedominantfigureattheball.

问题1选项

A.glared

B.glittered

C.blazed

D.glowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词动词辨析。四个动词都有发光的意思，glare强调发出耀眼的强光；glitter强调闪闪发光选；blaze强调火焰燃烧发出的强光；glow多指冶炼铁和钢时发出的光。题目中提到的是珠宝闪闪发光。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.

Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.

Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.

Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved•Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.

Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.

1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）

2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareer

because（）

3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）

4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?

问题1选项

A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes

B.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous

C.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture

D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes

问题2选项

A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion

B.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears

C.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging

D.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles

问题3选项

A.preferable

B.prevalent

C.presumable

D.precedent

问题4选项

A.femalepassivityisnatural

B.menandwomenarephysicallyidentical

C.menareborncompetitiveandaggressive

D.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired

问题5选项

A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.

B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.

C.Financialincentives.

D.Desireforasociallife.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段：Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions（但直到最近，我们才意识到，每一种性别的身份并不容易被确定下来，而且定义是根据我们所知的不同类型的文化，即科学发现和意识形态革命而演变的）。因此，D项正确。

2.细节题。定位至第一段：Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”（在接近21世纪初的时候，生物学和遗传学取得的实质性进展正在从根本上挑战每一性别所扮演的角色、责任和特定特征，然而，就在20年前，这些被认为是“无可争议的”）。因此，C项（关于妇女角色的观念一直在改变）正确。

3.语义题。根据题干关键词“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段：...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome，因此这种性别差异一直以来都存在。Preferable略胜一筹的；prevalent普遍存在的；presumable可推测的；precedent在先的。因此，B项正确。

4.细节题。定位至第四段，作者认为性别分工及性格形成并不是自然而然的事情。因此，D项（一些性别身份的不同是后天获得的）正确。

5.细节题。定位至最后一段：Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence（对于所有女性来说，工作是想要独立）。因此，A项（希望获得权力和自由）概括全面。

8.翻译题

IfandwhensuchaleaguebecomesrealityinChina,itwillnodoubtbeoneofthehottestadvertisingplatformsinsports.Butadvertisersaren’twaitingforallthelogisticstogetworkedout—theywanttocashinonChina’shotfansnow.

HoustonhasbeenreapingthebenefitsofYao’smarketingpullforseveralyearsnow,butMilwaukeeisjuststartingtogetatasteofwhatYiJianlianhastooffer.ChinesecompanieslikePeakhavealreadythrownadvertisingdollarstheBucks’way.NowtheBucksarestartingtoseethecashflowtheotherdirectionasAmericancompaniesbeginusingthemtoadvertiseacrosstheocean.

ThisweektheMilwaukeeJournalSentinel（密尔瓦基新闻卫报）reportedthatMilwaukee-basedRockwellAutomationInc.hasbegunadvertisingcourtside（球场边缘区）duringBucks’games—inChinese.“We’redoingthissolelytotargetourChinesecustomers,”Rockwellspokes¬manJohnBemadentoldthepaper.Rockwell’sad,whichrollsacrossthescorers’tableduringeachgameformaybeaminuteofcumulativeexposure,costRockwellsixfigurestoplace.Butwithanestimated150millionpotentialcustomerswatchingeachBucksgameinChina,thepriceseemsmorethanworthit.

Thepaper’sreportsaystheBucksareseekingoutmoreChinese-languageadvertisers.AstheNBAgainssteaminChina,findingthemshouldnotbedifficult.

【答案】如果这一联盟在中国变为现实，那它无疑将成为体育界最热门的广告平台之一。但是广告商不会等待所有筹划准备工作完成，他们现在就想在中国狂热的篮球迷身上大赚一笔。

几年来，休斯敦依靠姚明的市场吸引力获利丰厚，但密尔沃基才刚刚尝到易建联带来的利润甜头。像匹克这样的中国公司已经开始将大笔的广告费投入到雄鹿队身上。现在雄鹿也开始看到美国的公司反过来利用它们在海外做广告。

本周，《密尔瓦基新闻卫报》报道说总部位于密尔瓦基的罗克韦尔自动化有限公司已经开始在雄鹿队比赛期间用中文在场边做广告。罗克韦尔的发言人约翰.博纳登告诉《密尔瓦基新闻卫报》说：“我们的广告就是针对中国客户的。”罗克韦尔公司的广告在每场比赛的记分牌旁滚动播出，大约累计一分钟就会花掉该公司六位数的费用。但据估计，有一亿五千万的中国潜在消费者观看雄鹿的比赛，这点广告费简直是物超所值。

该报还指出雄鹿正在寻找更多的中文的广告商。随着NBA在中国的崛起，想找到这样的人肯定不难。

9.写作题

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment”accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

人力资源是社会发展的前提保证，劳动者的素质要求是多元化的。在劳动技能和劳动方式上，社会对大家的要求可能不同，但是人的基本社会道德素养和文化修养对于社会而言是共同的一致需求。因此社会的发展要注意人的技能和知识水平提升的同时也要为人的道德和文化素养的培养提供氛围和支持。

【答案】QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment

Humanresourceisthepremiseforsocialdevelopment,andthequalitiesoflaborarediversified.Itisvitalforimprovingtheoverallqualityoftheworkforcetopayattentiontoimprovethequalitiesofthesetwokinds:skillsandmethodsoflabor;socialmoralityandculturalcultivation.

Intermsofskillsandmethodsoflabor,peoplearerequireddifferently.Toaqualifiedphysician,oneshouldhaveagreatdealofprofessionalknowledgeonmedicalscienceandabundantinpracticalexperiences.Asweknow,inordertobeacertifieddoctor,amedicalstudentalwayshastostudyinmedicalinstituteforseveralyearsandthenworkasaninternshipforalongperiodbeforehecanpracticeindependently.Abusdrivermusthaveexcellentdrivingskillandgreatknowledgeoftransportation.Afashiondesignerissupposedtobegoodatdrawingandhavegoodsenseofbeauty.Differentkindsofworkrequiredifferentskillsandknowledge.

Butpeople,regardlessoftheirjob,shouldcomplywiththebasicrequirementofsocialmoralityandculturalcultivation.Socailmoralityisacodeofconductaboutwhatweshoulddoornotinordertosafeguardthesocialinterestsandstabilityofoursociety.Asnormalpeople,nomatterwhatkindsofjobwedo,weallneedtoobeythebasicsocialrules,suchasfulfillingourfilialduties,takingcareofchildren,beingkindtoothers,etc.

Inaword,thedevelopmentofsocietynotonlyneedputemphasisontheimprovementofpeople’sskillsandknowledgebutalsooughttoprovidesoundenvironmentforlaborers’moralandculturaldevelopment.Onlyinthisway,canoursocietybeprogressiveandharmonious.

10.单选题

Whenwewatchaplayorafilm,weallrealizethatthecharactersaresometimes（

）.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.imaginable

C.imagined

D.imaginary

【答案】D

【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有创造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，构想的；imaginary虚构的，假想的。句意：当我们看戏剧或电影时，我们都知道角色有时是虚构的，选项D符合句意。

11.多选题

该试题是用于测试的试题，请勿组卷到其他试卷当中，测试题干内容

问题1选项

A.12

B.23

C.34

D.45

问题2选项

A.54

B.43

C.32

D.21

【答案】第1题:B、C、D

第2题:A、B

【解析】第1题:

第2题:试题解析测试

12.单选题

Mostof

whatBillsaidwas（）;onlyone

ortwominorpointshemadewerenotcloselyconnectedwiththematterbeing

discussed.

问题1选项

A.reliable

B.relative

C.related

D.relating

【答案】B

【解析】reliable可靠的；relative指相较的；related指相关的；relating是动词relate的分词形式。句意：比尔讲的大多都很切题,只有一两点与主题关系不是很紧密。选项B正确。

13.单选题

Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t（）fromtellingthemwhathethought.

问题1选项

A.holdoff

B.holdon

C.holdback

D.holdup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意为“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生气，忍不住把自己的想法告诉了他们。”选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Coffeeisthe（）ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.

问题1选项

A.majority

B.staple

C.spice

D.elite

【答案】B

【解析】句意:咖啡是这个地区的主要产品，给当地农民带来很多收入。

考查名词辨析。majority大部分，大多数；staple主要产品，订书钉，主食；spice香料，调味品，风味；elite上层人士，掌权人物，精英。故B项符合句意。

15.单选题

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

问题1选项

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orientation“方向，定向”；B选项voyage“航行”；C选项procession“队伍，行列”；D选项access“通道，入口”。根据句意：由于南非大陆的一些地区仍然覆盖着茂密的森林，进入其中一些地区仍然很困难。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以选项D正确。

16.单选题

MissHelenalwaysbuys（

）pricedclothes.

问题1选项

A.higher

B.high

C.highest

D.highly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

A（）fromeveryperson,nomatterhowsmall,willhelptheRedCrossreachitsgoalof$100,000.

问题1选项

A.contract

B.concentration

C.contribution

D.construction

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。contract合同,

合约；concentration专注,

集中；

contribution贡献,

捐赠；construction建筑。句意：每个人的贡献,

无论多么小,

都将帮助红十字会达到10万美元的目标。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Nuclearwastesareconsideredto（

）athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.

问题1选项

A.expose

B.apply

C.impose

D.pose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。expose意为“揭露，揭发”；apply意为“应用，运用”；impose意为“推行，迫使，利用”；pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等)，引起，产生”。

句意：核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物造成威胁。

19.单选题

Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome.Butwhenitcomestobrewingupflutomakevaccines,sciencestillturnstotheincredibleedibleegg.Eversincethe1940s,vaccinemakershavegrownlargebatchesofvirusinsidechickeneggs.Butgiventhatsome36,000Americansdieofflueachyear,it’sremarkablethatourfirstlineofdefenseisstillwhatSecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesTommyThompsoncalls"thecumbersomeandarchaicegg-basedproduction."Newcell-basedtechnologiesareinthepipeline,however,andmayfinallygetthesupporttheyneednowthattheUnitedStatesisfacedwithacriticalshortageoffluvaccine.Althoughexpertsdisagreeonwhethernewwaysofproducingvaccinecouldhavepreventedashortageliketheonehappeningtoday,thereisnodoubtthattheexistingsystemhasseriousflaws.

Eachyear,vaccinemanufacturersplaceadvanceordersformillionsofspeciallygrownchickeneggs.Meanwhile,public-healthofficialsmonitorcirculatingstrainsofflu,andeachMarchtheyrecommendthreestrains—twoinfluenzaAstrainsandoneBstrain—formanufacturerstoincludeinvaccines.Inthelatespringandsummer,automatedmachinesinjectvirusintoeggsandlatersuckouttheinfluenza-richgoop.Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment.

Whyhasthiseggmethodpersistedforsixdecades?Themainreasonisthatit’sreliable.Buteventhoughtheeggsarereliable,theyhaveseriousdrawbacks.Oneisthelongleadtimeneededtoordertheeggs.Thatmeansit’shardtomakemorevaccineinahurry,incaseofashortageorunexpectedoutbreak.Andeggsmaysimplybetoocumbersometokeepupwiththehundredsofmillionsofdosesrequiredtohandlethedemandforfluvaccine.

What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.Lastyear,scientistswereunabletoincludetheFujianstraininthevaccineformulation.Itwasarelativelynewstrain,andmanufacturerssimplycouldn’tfindaquickwaytoadaptitsothatitgrewwellineggs.“Weknewthestrainwasoutthere,”recallsTheodoreEickhoffoftheUniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter,“butpublic-healthofficialswereleftwithoutavaccineand,consequently,amoreseverefluseason.”

Worse,thevirusesthatposethegreatestthreatmightbehardesttogrowineggs.That’sbecauseglobalpandemicsliketheonethatkilledover50millionpeoplebetween1918and1920arethoughttooccurwhenabirdinfluenzachangesinawaythatletsitcrossthespeciesbarrierandinfecthumans.Sincehumanshaven’tencounteredthenewvirusbefore,theyhavelittleprotectiveimmunity.ThedeadlybirdflucirculatinginAsiain1997and1998,forexample,worriedpublic-healthofficialsbecauseitspreadtosomepeoplewhohandledbirdsandkilledthem—althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans.Butwhenscientiststriedtomakevaccinetheold-fashionedway,thebirdfluquicklykilledtheeggs.

1.Themoon-landingismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoillustrate（）.

2.Whatstepisessentialtothetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine?

3.Theforemostreasonwhytheegg-basedmethodisdefectiveliesin（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Intheauthor’sview,thenewvaccineproductionmethodseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologycannotsolveallofourhumanproblems

B.progressinvaccineresearchforinfluenzahaslaggedbehind

C.greatachievementshavebeenmadebymeninexploringtheunknown

D.thedevelopmentofvaccineproductionmethodscannotbestopped

问题2选项

A.Manufacturersimplantthevaccineintoorderedchickeneggs.

B.Scientistsidentifytheexactstrainsoonafteraflupandemicstarts.

C.Publichealthmeasuresaretakenasanimportantpandemic-fightingtool.

D.Virusesaredeadenedandmadecleanbeforebeingputintovaccineuse.

问题3选项

A.thecomplexprocessofvaccineproduction

B.itspotentialthreattohumanbeing

C.thelowsurvivalratefornewfluvaccines

D.itscontributiontothefluvaccineshortage

问题4选项

A.Fluvaccinesnowmainlyuseegg-basedtechnology.

B.Abirdinfluenzahasoncecirculatedamonghumans.

C.Safetycanbegreatlyimprovedwithcell-culturevaccines.

D.Modernvaccineproductionmethodsaretoreplaceegg-basedmethods.

问题5选项

A.remarkable

B.criticized

C.efficient

D.accepted

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.作者意图题。由题干关键词themoonlanding定位到文章第一段第一句“Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome”，现代技术已经把人类送上了月球，并破译了人类基因组。紧接着第二句出现了转折词but，说到涉及培养流感病毒生产疫苗时，科学家们居然还在使用可食用鸡蛋。全文主要讲述的是“鸡蛋培育流感疫苗的方法”，因此此处提到“themoonlanding”只是以某方面的发达科技为下文论述做铺垫，因此B选项“流感疫苗研究进展滞后”符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。文章第二段介绍了本题说到的thetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine传统的流感疫苗生产过程。A选项“制造商将疫苗植入订购的鸡蛋中”错在是“automatedmachinesinjectvirus”而不是制造商；B选项“科学家在流感大流行开始后不久就确定了确切的毒株”在文中未提及确定毒株的速度；C选项“公共卫生措施是抗击疫情的重要手段”也未在本文提及；D选项“在投入疫苗使用之前，病毒被杀死并净化”对应第二段最后一句“Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment”，鸡蛋内部的病毒被杀死，经过处理去除鸡蛋蛋白和其他污染物，然后包装成小瓶，准备秋季装运。因此D选项正确。

第3题:3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.（更重要的是，有些流感病毒在鸡蛋里生长不好）。C选项“新流感疫苗的低存活率”，文中说流感病毒在鸡蛋中生长得不好，由此可推断，流感疫苗的存活率低。A选项“疫苗生产的复杂过程”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“它对人类的潜在威胁”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“它导致了流感疫苗的短缺”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。A选项“流感疫苗现在主要使用基于鸡蛋的技术”对应文章第一段中作者对于现在依然使用鸡蛋生产流感疫苗感到不可思议，同时D选项“现代疫苗生产方法正在取代以鸡蛋为基础的方法”可由此排除；B选项“禽流感曾经在人类中传播”在文中最后一段倒数第二句中有“althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans”说明这种禽流感并未在人类中传播过，可排除；C选项“细胞培养疫苗可以大大提高安全性”，文中未提到新方法的安全性，因此排除C。

第5题:5.观点态度题。此处问的是作者对于新疫苗培育方法的态度。第一段最后提到，新的细胞生产技术已经投入使用，并且可能最终得到支持。因此可推断出作者认为这个方法是有可能被接受的。D选项accepted正确。

20.单选题

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

问题1选项

A.puthi