考研考博-英语-安徽电子信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽电子信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

问题1选项

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗号前后没有连接词，所以逗号后面不能是完整的句子，这里是分词短语做状语，前后为因果关系，所以选项C目的状语可首先排除；再根据句意可知，这里表被动，所以选项D正确。句意：主席被要求辞职，因为他被认为完全不适合这个职位。

2.案例题

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隐伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，当ErinWhite听到Obama成功赢得选举的消息，她感觉到肩上的担子减轻了。选项D符合原文。

根据第二段ErinWhite说的话“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知，她总是被一些问题所困扰，比如是否能成为自己想成为的人，在人生路上能走多远。选项B符合原文。

3根据第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以选项B正确。

4.

根据第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知，选项D正确。

5.

根据关键词“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias这一部分的内容，本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以选项A与原文相符。

6.

根据关键词“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly这一部分的内容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”，选项C符合原文。

7.

根据关键词“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles这一部分的内容，“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”选项C符合原文。

8.

根据关键词“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”这一部分第三段Effron说的内容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根据倒数第二段的内容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

3.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美国黑人的暴力革命绝不可能得到白人的同情与支持，也得不到大多数黑人的同情与支持。现在不是浪漫幻想的时候。如果不能认识到这一点，我们将会得出无法解决困难的方法、无法回答疑问的答案与无法阐释问题的解释。

4.单选题

Whenplantingshrubberyitisadvisabletotamphedintaroundtherootaftercoveringthem.

问题1选项

A.intrigue

B.fertilize

C.packdown

D.tamperwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干tamp“捣实；压实；塞紧”。A项“激起……的兴趣；密谋”，B项“使受孕；施肥于”，C项“把……压实”，D项“篡改；干预”。因此选C。句意：种植灌木丛时，建议将其覆盖后夯实在根部周围。

5.单选题

Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto（）theinvestmentplanwithinaweek.

问题1选项

A.workout

B.putout

C.makeout

D.setout

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。workout

解决,

算出，制定出；putout熄灭；makeout理解,

辨认出；setout出发,

开始。句意：银行经理问他的助理能否在一周内制定出投资计划。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Thisstyleofcookingis（）toSouth-Easternprovinces.

问题1选项

A.bizarre

B.odd

C.peculiar

D.weird

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。四个选项均有"不平常的"或"奇怪的"的意思。bizarre指态度,容貌,款式等怪异;odd强调有异于正常,表示不标准、不正规、不符合规律等,暗示这种奇异令人困惑不解;peculiar强调具有明显的奇异特征;weird"怪异的,超自然的,厄运的运气或命运",尤指不吉祥的。句意：这种烹饪方式是东南部省份所特有的。选项C符合句意。

7.填空题

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾经是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom与……分离

3.语法分析。此处填不定冠词a,表示“一个”。

4.语义题。Hasapopulationof后面接具体人数表示“有…人”。

5.语义题。Rest其余的。

8.写作题

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion5.

【答案】Cultureisastudyofperfectionandhasitsoriginintheloveofperfection.Itmovesbytheforceofscientificpassionforpureknowledgeandthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.Thespiritofthehumanracefindsitsidealbymakingendlessadditionstoitself,theendlessgrowthinwisdomandbeauty.Cultureisanindispensableaidtoreachthisidealandthatisthetruevalueofculture.Thewholecivilizationinourmodernworldismechanicalandexternal,andtendsconstantlytobecomemoreso.Cultureplaysasignificantrolebecauseherethatmechanicalcharacter,whichcivilizationtendstotakeeverywhere,isshowninthemosteminentdegree.Culturehasonegreatpassionforsweetnessandlight,andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.

9.单选题

Firstthegoodnews:9in10peoplesaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobsorworkthattheydo-andthatremainedsteadythroughout2008,despitetheeconomy.Andnowthebad,evenifitsnotsosurprising:Thenumberofpeoplewhosaidtheiremployerreducedthesizeoftheworkforcerosedramaticallyduringtheyear,from15%inthefirstquarterto23%inthefourthquarter.

That’saccordingtoasurveyfromGallupandhealthmanagementcompanyHealthways.Nearlyeachdayin2008,about1,000adultswereaskedabouttheirphysical,emotional,economicandworkplacewell-being.Whenitcametotheirworkenvironment,manyofthe355,334peoplesurveyedbyphonewerepositive.Butthereweresomelaborpains.

Just47%ofrespondentsfromHawaiisaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobs,usedtheirstrengthsatwork,weretreatedbyasupervisorasapartnerandworkedinan“open,trustingenvironment”.Thatwasthelowestscoreofanystateonaworkenvironmentindexthatwascompiledbycalculatingpositiveresponsesinthosefourareas.Utahnabbedtophonors,with59%ofitsrespondentssayingthosefourelementswereprevalentinworklives.AmongthebiggestdifferencesbetweenUtahandHawaii:73%ofUtahrespondentssaidtheirsupervisorcreatedatrustingenvironment,whileonly58%offolksinHawaiifeltthatway.Thenationalaveragewas65%.TheGallup—HealthwaysAHIPCongressionalReportdidn’tofferanyinsightsintowhyUtahruledandHawaiirankedsopoorlyontheworkplacefront.

Hawaii’sresidentstooktheNo.1slotinanothertwosurveyareas,emotionalhealthandlivingconditions.“Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat,”saysJimHarter,achiefscientistofworkplaceandwell-beingatGallup.

Utahhasdonewellinseparateworkplacestudies,aswell.Afterconsideringfactorssuchasunemploymentrate,jobgrowth,incomegrowth,medianhouseholdincomeandthecostofliving,Moody’sEnameditscapital,SaltLakeCity,thebestU.S.citytoworkinfor2007and2008.Butthoseglorydayshavefaded,saysGusFaucher,Moody’sEdirectorofmacroeconomics.Utah’shousingboomturnedintoabustlaterthanmoststates.ThenationalrecessionbeganinDecember2007,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.SaltLakeCity’srecessionbeganinNovember2008,accordingtoMoody’sE.

Fromanon-economicangle,FauchersayshecanseewhyUtahwouldearnstrongmarksontheworkfront.“ThestateisreallyMormon,sothereisasenseofsolidarity”amongmanyemployees,hesays.“Peoplefeelveryconnectedtoeachother.”Also,withitshighbirthrate,Utahhasarobustpopulationofyoungeremployeeswhooftenaddenthusiasmtotheworkplace,Fauchersays.That’sthecaseattheWasatchMusicCoachingAcademyinSaltLakeCity,schoolownerDavidMurphysays.Mostinstructorsarebetween22and35yearsoldandareextremelypassionateandexcitedaboutteachingstudents,hesays.Murphy,52,whosayshehasa“dream”job,takesacollaborativeapproachinmanagingallstaffers,“Iseemyselfworkingsidebysidewithmystaff,notovermystaff.”

1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.FromParagraph4,wecaninferallofthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.

3.TheauthormentionsseveralfactorsthatwillaffectthehappinessofpeopleEXCEPT:______.

4.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhycouldUtahearnstrongmarksontheworkfront?

问题1选项

A.Theeconomyof2008wasstillsteady.

B.Morepeoplehadtochangetheirjobs.

C.FromJan.toApr.,about54,000peoplelosttheirjobs.

D.Mostofthepeoplesurveyedfelthopeless.

问题2选项

A.Hawaii’sresidentsmayfeelmorerelaxed

B.theword“paradise”mayrefertoHawaii

C.peoplemaypreferlivinginHawaiitoworkingthere

D.JimHartermaybeascientistinHawaii

问题3选项

A.Physicalhealth

B.Psychologicalcondition

C.Placestheycomefrom

D.Workingenvironment

问题4选项

A.SaltLakeCityisthebestplacetoworkinforever.

B.Utah’seconomyneverencounteredrecession.

C.Hawaiiisabestplaceforentertainmentandwork.

D.ManycitiesintheUnitedStateshaveencounteredeconomicdepression.

问题5选项

A.Thesenseofsolidarityandpassionsofyoungemployees.

B.Goodregulationssetbythegovernment.

C.Favoriteclimate.

D.Goodgeographicallocation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“2008年的经济保持稳定”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句9in10peoplesaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobsorworkthattheydo-andthatremainedsteadythroughout2008.（90%的人说他们对自己的工作或目前的工作感到满意，而且在整个2008年这一比例都保持稳定），2008年，90%对工作满意度呈平稳趋势，可排除A选项。B选项“更多的人不得不换工作”，可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Thenumberofpeoplewhosaidtheiremployerreducedthesizeoftheworkforcerosedramaticallyduringtheyear,from15%inthefirstquarterto23%inthefourthquarter.（今年，声称雇主裁员的人数大幅上升，从第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%），雇主削减了劳动力规模的人数在今年大幅上升，可以推测更多的人不得不更换工作，B选项正确。C选项“从1月到4月，大约有54000人失业”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“大多数接受调查的人感到绝望”，文章提到许多人对工作环境持肯定态度，因此大多数人不会感到绝望，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段。D选项“吉姆•哈特可能是夏威夷的科学家”，文章第四段没有提到此内容，D选项正确。A选项“夏威夷的居民可能会感到更放松”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaii’sresidentstooktheNo.1slotinanothertwosurveyareas,emotionalhealthandlivingconditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），文章所说夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是夏威夷的居民会感到放松，A选项排除。B选项“天堂这个词可能指的是夏威夷”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可以推测天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷，B选项可排除。C选项“人们可能更喜欢住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），也就是夏威夷不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。C选项“他们来自哪里”，文章没有提到，他们来自哪里会影响他们的幸福感，C选项正确。A选项“身体健康”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaii’sresidentstooktheNo.1slotinanothertwosurveyareas,emotionalhealthandlivingconditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是身体健康会影响人们的幸福感，A选项可排除。B选项“心理状态”，心理状态会影响人们的幸福感，B选项可排除。D选项“工作环境”，可以定位到文章第三段第一句Just47%ofrespondentsfromHawaiisaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobs,usedtheirstrengthsatwork,weretreatedbyasupervisorasapartnerandworkedinan“open,trustingenvironment”（在夏威夷的受访者中，只有47%的人对自己的工作感到满意，在工作中发挥自己的优势，被上司视为合作伙伴，在一个“开放、信任的环境”中工作），文章提到在“开放、信任的环境”中工作，会对工作感到满意，人们的幸福感也就会提升，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“美国许多城市都遭遇了经济萧条”，文章倒数第二段倒数第二句ThenationalrecessionbeganinDecember2007,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.（根据美国国家经济研究局的数据，这场全国性的衰退始于2007年12月），也就是美国经济经历了全国大萧条，D选项正确。A选项“盐湖城永远是最好的工作场所”，文章倒数第二段第五句SaltLakeCity,thebestU.S.citytoworkinfor2007（盐湖城评为2007年美国最适宜工作的城市），没有提到是永远适宜工作的地点，A选项可排除。B选项“犹他州的经济从未遭遇过衰退”，可以定位到文章倒数第二段倒数第三句Utah’shousingboomturnedintoabustlaterthanmoststates.（犹他州的房地产泡沫破灭的时间比大多数州都晚），但并不是从没有经历衰退，B选项可排除。C选项“夏威夷是娱乐和工作的最佳场所”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可推测夏威夷可能不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also,withitshighbirthrate,Utahhasarobustpopulationofyoungeremployeeswhooftenaddenthusiasmtotheworkplace（此外，由于犹他州的高出生率，年轻员工的数量也非常多，他们经常为工作增添热情），这也就是犹他州能够获得高分的原因。A选项“年轻员工的团结感和激情”符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“政府制定的良好规章制度”，文中没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“最喜欢的气候”，气候并不是造成犹他州取得高分的原因，C选项可排除。D选项“地理位置优越”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

“ThissuggeststhepossibilitythatatreatmentlikethiscouldbetestedtoseeifitcoulddelaytheonsetofAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidProf.Holtzman.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.decline

C.start

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spread“传播；伸展”；B选项decline“下降；衰退”；C选项start“开始；起点”；D选项increase“增加；增长”。句意：霍尔茨曼教授说：“这表明，有可能对这种治疗方法进行测试，看看它能否延缓阿尔茨海默氏症的……。”由关键信息treatment“治疗”和病症Alzheimer’sdisease“老年痴呆症疾病”，其治疗目的是为了delay“延迟”。老年痴呆症是每个人会遇到的问题，无法避免，只能看是否通过治疗延缓其开始的时间。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationshirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentofbuildingsarefitfortheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.

Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseeteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthesituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallandstandardclasses,chairs,desksandtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclassesparticularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementofclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehallsitispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudentsthinkingprocessesoperate——allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesamescat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces.

1.Deskanangementinatraditionalclassroomisassociatedwiththeideathat（

）.

2.Theexpression"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears"(inParagraph2)isintendedtoconvey

theideathat（

）.

3.Theprimarypurposeofdeskarrangementis（

）.

4.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroupmightbethat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.studentsshouldnotbeactivelearnersintheclassroom

B.itisuselessforstudentstoparticipateinclassactivity

C.theteacheristhechiefknowledgesource

D.itisimportantforstudentstoseetheblackboardclearly

问题2选项

A.collegeclassroomsoftenremindyouofyourcollegelife

B.criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago

C.ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent

D.thereisnotmuchchangeinthecollegeeducationalideasoverthepasthundredyears

问题3选项

A.fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups

B.tomakeitpossibleforthestudentstointeractwitheachother

C.fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink

D.togivestudentsopportunitiestopracticespeaking

问题4选项

A.theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat

B.learningismadecomfortableinthisway

C.theteachercaneasilyrememberthestudents'namesandfaces

D.brighterstudentscanhelptheslowerones

问题5选项

A.Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.

B.Manycompaniesaretryingtoimprovetheworkingsettingsfortheiremployees.

C.Interactionbetweenstudentsisessentialinthetrainingofcriticalthinking.

D.Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher(这种安排下的假设是很明显的：所有重要信息都来自于老师)。故选C“老师是知识的主要来源”。

2.判断推理题。根据"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”定位至第二段:Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears(我们己经进入21世纪，但是踏入任何大学教室，你都会感觉至少回到100年之前),也就是大学教室和以前相比都没有多大改变。故选D“100年来，大学教育的想法都没有太多改变”。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段中“Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse(主要目的是让每个人都能见到彼此)”以及第四段中“Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheach