考研考博-英语-南方医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南方医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol（礼仪）governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(专家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto（

）.

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans（

）.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

问题2选项

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

问题3选项

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

问题4选项

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

问题5选项

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后两句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如罗伯特•路易斯•史蒂文森曾经说过，每个人靠卖东西为生。商务名片促进了这一努力。”由此可知，人们递商务名片是为了卖产品，选项C符合上下文语境，为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在镀金时代，拥有名片并不意味着你有兴趣结成商务关系，而是你有遗产，所以你不需要为生计犯愁。”由此可知题干句子的意思应该指从祖先那里得到一大笔遗产之意。oldmoney意为“祖传遗产”，故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他们的日子就是在社交活动中打发的”可知选项C符合文意；由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理这些社交活动的礼仪与正确使用卡片有着千丝万缕的联系”可知他们在社交活动中交换名片是需遵守复杂的礼仪规范，因此选项D没错，以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大战前，你会发现所有的礼仪手册里面整个章节都在讨论这样的问题：一个单身男士是否可以给女士递名片。”可知选项B无误；选项A文章中没有提及，因此答案选A。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我们今天用于商业目的的卡片是19世纪社会名片的俗化，是一种具有完全不同目的的工艺品。”以及文章第三段第一句中“Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商业版本（名片）出现在世纪之交……”；由此推断选项D最符合句子意思。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在镀金时代，拥有商业名片不是意味着你有兴趣结成商务关系，而是因为你有遗产，所以你衣食无忧”，可知C选项是正确的表述；第二段中对于19世纪名片发展历史的细节描述，名片主要用于单纯的社交，一战中礼仪指南提到名片是由青年男性向女士递交。由此推断选项D和选项B都是正确的描述。故只有选项A中的描述文章没有提到。

2.翻译题

Sincetheturnofthecentury,Londonershaveexpressedapreferenceforsuburbanlocationsasmorepleasantandsafertobringupchildren.Themiddleclassesfearurbanpubliclifesomuch,theyarewillingtotradeoffthedailyjourneytoworkinfavorofsafetyandseclusionathome.InNewYork,peopleviewthestreets,sidewalks,plazasandsubwaysasareasofcombatratherthancivilitywherethegoalisnotenjoymentbutsurvival.

Thisprocessofdetachmentandwithdrawalhasbeenencouragedbythemotorcar,bringinginitswakedifficultpedestrianaccesskeysitescutoffbyringroads,andmulti-storeycarparkswhichareparticularlythreateningtowomen.Thecinemahaspartlygivenwaytothehomevideo,andluxuryhousingdevelopmentsaroundLondonfeaturehighlevelsofsecuritysurveillance.

InNewYork,newbuildingsarefilledwith“defensiblespace”,galesandguardstofunnelyouthiswayorthatbecausedrugdealerscanmakeapublicspacetheirowninafewdays.

Theunrestrainedgrowthofincivilities—drunks,tramps,rowdyyouth,prostitutes,andotherdisreputables—haddecreasedcommunalcontrol.Thishadledtomoreactualcrime,increasedthefearofcrime,encouragedwithdrawalintoprivatespaces,sofurtherreducingcommitmenttoneighborhoodsandencouraginggreaterincivilities.

Theresultisthatpeoplethencreateashieldforthemselvesinpublicplaces;theyminimizeexpressionsandbodycontact,choosesealingtosignalwhatmighthappennext,theyrun.Sincebeggarsprobablyevokedmixedreactionsofpity,embarrassment,orfear,theirhighvisibilityonthestreetsmaywellleadpeopletoavoidcertainplaces.

ItisincivilitieslikethesewhichsurelymakepeoplefearfulincitiesandwhichcannotbedismissedasHomeofficialstendtodo,asirrationalfears.Awoman’sfearfulnessabouttravellingontheTube,forexample,cannotbelightlydismissedonthegroundsthatstatisticallysheislesslikelytosufferanassaultthanayoungman.Herfearsarefuelledbyallthesesurroundingincivilities,plusgestures,sexualinnuendos,orremarksfromyouth:inthecarriage.IfacoupleofyoungmenstartsmokingontheTube,thetensioninthecarriageispalpablebecausepeopleknowwhatthereactionislikelytobeiftheyaretoldtostop.Womenoroldpeoplefeelmorevulnerablethanyoungmenbecausetheyarcmorevulnerable.Whenconsideringrisks,policymakerstendtoemphasizestatisticalinfrequencyanddownplaythegravityofoutcomes.

Londoncriesoutforsomekindofcoherentcityplanning.Butthequalityofitscitizens,liveswon’tbeimprovedunlesstheseincivilities,whicharesomuchmoredifficulttoquantify,areproperlyaddressed.

【答案】汽车加快了远离城市的过程,随之而来的是难以通过的人行通道,被环形道路切断的重要场所以及对女人有特大威胁的多层停车场。

结果,人们在公共场所找到自我保护的手段;他们尽量少说话或与人碰撞,挑选座位以表明他们不想与人交流,减少目光的接触,他们怀疑某件事可能紧接着发生时,便溜之大吉。

正是这类不礼貌的言行使人们在城市感到恐惧,而内政部的官员往往将不礼貌的言行视为缺乏理性的恐惧。例如,不能因为女人遭到袭击的几率低于年轻男子便对女人的地铁恐惧症等闲视之。

3.填空题

Yesterdayafternoon,whileJohnandLindawerebothatwork,thieves（1）intotheirflatand（2）money,jewelryandanexpensivenewcomputer.

【答案】1.broke;

2.took

【解析】1.固定搭配。breakinto闯入。因此此处填break的过去式broke。

2.语义题。第二空也填动词的过去式,由其宾语money可知填took(带走了)。

4.单选题

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

问题1选项

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。void意为“无效的，空的”；vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的，挥霍的，过分的”。

句意：最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。

5.单选题

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.intensify（使）加强；增强；加剧B.amplify放大；增强（声音等）

C.enlarge扩大；扩充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：把这个旋钮向右转，你就可以……收音机的声音。对比选项，此处应该是放大收音机的声音。B选项指放大声音，符合语境，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项intensify“（使）加强；增强；加剧”，指在程度或深度上增强，而句中指的是放大声音，并不是增强声音，该选项不符合语境；

C选项enlarge“扩大；扩充”，指使……变大，该处强调放大声音，C选项并没有特指放大声音。而B选项强调声音的放大，对比选项，B选项更合适；

D选项reinforce“加固”，指使坚固，尤指通过添加另一种材料使结构或材料更坚固，该选项不符合语境。

【句意】把这个旋钮向右转，你就可以放大收音机的声音。

6.单选题

Shewasafraid（）thedogincaseitbecamedangerous.

问题1选项

A.ofexciting

B.toexcite

C.thatsheexcited

D.tobeexciting

【答案】B

【解析】句意:她不敢让这条狗兴奋，以防有危险。

考查固定搭配。beafraidtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事。beafraidofdoingsth.一向害怕做某事(表示习惯)。因此B项符合语境。

7.单选题

Therecitalist'sperformancewasadelightfullyfreeandintrospectiveone;nevertheless,itwasalso,seeminglyparadoxically,quite（）.

问题1选项

A.appealing

B.controlled

C.idiosyncratic

D.unskilled

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项appealing“吸引人的”；B选项controlled“受控制的”；C选项idiosyncratic“特殊的”；D选项unskilled“不熟练的”。根据关键信息“paradoxically”可知，填空处填入的词应和前面所表达的意思相反，所以选项B符合语境。句意：独奏者的表演是一场无拘无束的、令人愉快的、内省的表演。然而，看似矛盾的是，它也受到了相当的控制。选项B正确。

8.单选题

ColinmarriedmysisterandImarriedhisbrother,

makesColinandmedoublein-laws.

问题1选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。通过分析句子，可知空格处需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，因此选项C符合题意。句意：科林娶了我妹妹，我嫁给了他哥哥，这让我们俩亲上加亲。

9.单选题

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen（）.

问题1选项

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。giveup“放弃”；standup“坚持；站起来”；leaveup“放某人鸽子”；takeup“占据”。句意：那天晚上我本来要和你妹妹去听音乐会的，但是你妹妹没有来。不敢相信我居然被……。因此C选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious有独创性的，机灵的；ambitious野心勃勃的，有雄心的；notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱两可的。能修饰directions的只有D项“模糊不清的”，故D项正确。句意：该指示如此模糊不清以致于不可能完成这项任务。

11.单选题

Apopularwayofkeepingfitistogo（）,whichisakindofslow-tomedium-pacedrunning.

问题1选项

A.trotting

B.sauntering

C.strolling

D.jogging

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。

12.单选题

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

问题1选项

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getoff”脱下；下车“；getover”克服“；getin”进入；陷入“。句意：经历一场棘手的离婚足以让任何人放弃婚姻。但一项新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段紧张而复杂的分手。句中but，因而存在转折关系，说明男性比女性更容易从分手中振作起来。因此选项C符合题意。

13.不定项选择题

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

问题2选项

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

问题3选项

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

问题4选项

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

问题5选项

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，更能适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有被欺骗。这说明作者赞同让学生能了解周围世界、适应世界变化的通识教育。A选项“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意为“教授能在当前就业市场上出售的实用技能”，由原文可知，作者认为就业市场是不断变化的，把年轻男女输送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不赞同的；B选项“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意为“随时代变化的灵活课程”，作者对于这种课程的态度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但这种努力不会是徒劳的吗？所以作者是不赞同的；C选项“aliberaleducation”意为“通识教育”，与原文相符；D选项“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意为“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不赞同的。因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:语义推测题。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，随着就业市场的波动，技能是可售性变化的另一个例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就业市场是快速变化的。A选项“remainsteady”，意为“保持稳定”，与原文不符；B选项“changeinanirregularway”意为“不规则的变化”，与原文相符；C选项“followasetpattern”意为“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就业市场的变化有固定的模式；D选项“becomeworseandworse”意为“变得越来越糟”，原文只是指变化但没有说是往糟糕的方向发展。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到现在是个高失业率的时代，首先从反面举例如果只学会少数技能就进入社会等于羊入虎穴，接着又说到学习理解和适应这个改变的世界能更快找到工作，最后总结道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”学会学习是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自学能力的更容易找到工作。A选项“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意为“有自学能力的人”，符合原文；B选项“Aconstructionworkers”意为“一位建筑工人”，C选项“Acarrepairman”意为“一位汽车修理工”和D选项“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意为“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少数技能，但不是自学的能力。因此A选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即发展课程就必须使课程非常短，并经常更换它们，以跟上就业市场的快速变化。由此可推测，现代课程的着重点在于适应变化的能力。A选项“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意为“预测技能在未来就业市场的销路”，原文未提及预测技能的销路，是强调就业市场是不断变化的，要去适应这种变化；B选项“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意为“把当前的就业市场也考虑进去”，就业市场是一直变化的，所以重点是适应变化；C选项“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意为“考虑哪些技能是可以销售的”，可销售的技能是需要不断更换的，所以不是课程的重点；D选项“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意为“关注适应变化的能力”，符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。

第5题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意为“通识教育现在正受到挑战”，与原文相符；B选项“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意为“在不景气的时候，教授实用技能的学校表现更好”，与原文相反，学会有限技能的人进入社会只是羊入虎口，所以最关键的技能是自学能力；C选项“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意为“课外活动比课堂学习更重要”，原文是指有自学能力的人在校外也能继续学习，但并没有说课外活动就比课堂学习更重要；D选项“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意为“许多学生觉得教育制度欺骗了他们”，原文是如果他们获得的只是销售技能，不能随就业市场的变化而变化，那么他们就是受骗了，但这不是学生的想法，是作者的观点。因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

问题1选项

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牵涉D.weaver织布工；编织工

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。

15.单选题

1.Anewstudyusesanunusualsource—proverbs—revealculturaldifferencesinhowChineseandAmericancitizensviewrisksandrisk-taking.

2.WhenChineseandAmericanstudentscomparedproverbsfromtheircountriestheyagreed:

Chineseproverbsgenerallyadvocatedgreaterrisk-takingthandidAmericanproverbs.

3.TheseresultshelpexplainearlierresearchthathasfoundChinesecitizensareindeedmorewilling

totakefinancialrisksthanareAmericans,saidElkeWeber,coauthorofthestudyandaprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversity.

4.“Proverbsarepartofanation’scultureandreflectthenation’sbeliefsandvalues,”saidWeber.“By

lookingatproverbs,wewereabletoshowthatlong-standingculturaldifferencesareonereasonthattheChinesearemorerisk-seekingthanAmericanswhenitcomestofinancialissues,”Webersaid.

5.WeberconductedthestudywithChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoandJoanna

SokolowskaoftheAcademyofSciencesinWarsaw,Poland.TheresultswerepublishedinarecentissueofthejournalOrganizationalBehaviorandHumanDecisionProcesses.

6.StudentsfromthetwocountriesratedAmericanproverbssuchas“Abirdinthehandisworthtwo

inthebush,”andChineseproverbssuchas“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”

7.Thestudyalsofoundsomedifferencesinhowstudentsfromthetwocountriesviewedproverbs.

Forexample,Chinesecitizensgenerallyviewedproverbsasadvocatingmoreriskinfinancialsituationsthaninsocialsituations.TherewasnosuchdistinctionmadebyAmericanparticipants.

8.WebersaidthecollectivistcultureofChina―aculturethatemphasizescommitmenttofamily—

allowspeopletotakegreaterfinancialrisksbecausecitizensknowtheirnetworkoffriendsandfamilywillhelptheminacrisis.However,becauseoftheimportanceoftheirsocialnetwork,Chinesearelesswillingtotakesocialrisksinwhichtheymightalienatefriendsorfamily.

9.InAmerica’sindividualisticculture,peoplehavetobemorecarefulfinanciallybecausetheydon’t

havethe“cushion”ofasocialnetworktofallbackon,Webersaid.Ontheotherhand,Americansdon’thavetoworryasmuchabouttheirsocialnetwork.“Theproverbsofeachcountryreflectthesedifferingculturalvaluesandconcerns,”Webersaid.

10.Inonestudy,82Americanand87Chinesecollegestudentswereaskedtorate34proverbs—17

fromeachcountry—thathadsomeadviceaboutdealingwithrisk.Theproverbsweretranslatedintotheparticipants’nativelanguagesandparticipantswerenottoldwhichcountrytheproverbswerefrom.

11.Theparticipantswerethenaskedifeachproverbpromotedriskaversionorriskseekingintwo

differentsituations,onefinancialandonesocial.Theyratedtheproverbsonafive-pointscaleinwhich1wasrisk-averse,3wasneutraland5wasriskseeking.

12.TheparticipantsfromeachcountryratedChineseproverbsasmoreriskseekingingeneralthan

theAmericanproverbs,Webersaid.Forexample,inonegroupofproverbs,AmericanstudentsgavetheAmericanproverbsanaveragescoreof2.83,andtheChineseproverbsanaveragescoreof3.07.

13.However,WebersaidtheevidencewasclearthatChinesepeoplebelieveproverbsadvocatemore

riskseekinginfinancialsituationsthantheydoinsocialsituations.

14.Inaddition,Chineseproverbsseemtodealmorewiththeproblemsofsocialrisk-takingthando

Americanproverbs,reflectingthecountries’differingvalues.Forexample,Americanstudentssaid95percentofAmericanproverbswereapplicabletofinancialdecisions,butonly63percentwereapplicabletosocialdecisions.ButAmericansthought78percentofChineseproverbswereapplicabletofinancialdecisionsand73percentwereapplicabletosocialdecisions.

15.“TheChinesearemuchmoreinterestedthanAmericansinprotectingtheirsocialnetworks.”

Webersaid.“ThesefindingsareconsistentwiththenotionthatChinais,andhaslongbeen,acollectivistsocietyandAmericaanindividualisticone.”

16.Asecondstudy,whichalsoincludedGermanproverbs,foundthatpeopleratedGermanproverbs

inbetweenthosefromAmericaandChina—butclosertoChinese—intermsofriskseekingandriskaversion.Thatmakessense,Webersaid,becauseGermancultureisquitecollectivistinasocialsense,muchlikeChina’s,eventhoughthecountryhasaneconomicsystemthatismorelikeAmerica’s.

17.Webersaidthisresearchisimportantforseveralreasons.Forone,itshowshowresearcherscan

useculturalproducts—suchasproverbs,novels,ornurseryrhymes—tohelpexplaincross-culturaldifferencesinbeliefsandbehavior.Theseresultsalsohaveapracticaluseinhelpingpeopleinvolvedininternationalnegotiationstobetterunderstandculturaldifferences.“Whenyouaredealingwithsomeonefromanothercountry,itisimportanttoknowiftherearedifferencesinperceptionsorvaluesthatcanaffectnegotiations.Inthiscase,ifyouknowtheotherpersonhasdifferentriskperceptionsorriskpreferencesthanyou,itispossibletodevelopanagreementthatleavesbothsidesbetteroff.”

1.Thestudyusedproverbsbecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheproverbs"Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush"and"Failureisthemotherofsuccess"?

3.TheChineseadvocatemorerisk-takinginfinancialsituationsbecause

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofasocietythatemphasizesindividualvalues?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

I.Apersonwhoenjoysgoodsocialrelationstendstoriskhimselffinancially.

II.Apersonwhoenjoysgoodsocialrelationstendstobeconcernedabouttheproblemtherein.

III.Apersonwhodoesn'tcareaboutsocialnetworktendstotakemoresocialrisks.

问题1选项

A.ChinaandAmericahaveapproximatelythesamenumberofproverbs

B.mostproverbsdealwithrisk-taking

C.thesubjectshadalargerepertoireofproverbs

D.proverbsareculture-ladenexpressions

问题2选项

A.Theyarethemostquotedproverbs.

B.Theyrevealdifferentattitudestowardrisk-taking.

C.Theyinvolvedifferentimages.

D.Theyexpressthesameproposition.

问题3选项

A.theyareaheadlongpeople

B.theyarefinanciallydisadvantaged

C.theyhavethe"cushion"ofsocialnetwork

D.theyhavemorefinancialopportunities

问题4选项

A.Itscitizenstendtocareaboutsocialnetwork.

B.Itscitizensarefamily-oriented.

C.Itscitizensarerisk-taking.

D.Itscitizenscaremoreaboutthemselvesfinancially.

问题5选项

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.BothIandIII

D.I,IIandIII

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的proverbs可定位到文章第四段中，由Proverbsarepartofanation'scultureandreflectthenation'sbeliefsandvalues（谚语是一个民族文化的组成部分反映了该民族的信仰和价值观）可知D选项“谚语是文化的表达方式”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Anewstudyusesanunusualsource—proverbs—revealculturaldifferencesinhowChineseandAmericancitizensviewrisksandrisk-taking（揭示中美两国公民如何看待风险和冒险的文化差异）可知B选项“它们揭示了人们对冒险的不同态度”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干中的financialsituations可定位到文章第八段中，由thecollectivistcultureofChina―aculturethatemphasizescommitmenttofamily—allowspeopletotakegreaterfinancialrisksbecausecitizensknowtheirnetworkoffriendsandfamilywillhelptheminacrisis（中国的集体主义文化——强调对家庭的承诺的文化——允许人们承担更大的经济风险，因为民众知道他们的与朋友和家人之间的联系将在危机中帮助他们）可知人们可以在危险关头依靠他们的社交网络，因此C选项“他们拥有社交网络的‘缓冲’”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据题干中的individualvalues可定位到文章第九段中，由InAmerica'sindividualisticculture,peoplehavetobemorecarefulfinanciallybecausetheydon'thavethe"cushion"ofasocialnetworktofallbackon（在美国的个人主义文化中，人们必须在财政上更加谨慎，因为他们没有可以依靠的社交网络关系）可知D选项“它的民众在经济上更关心自己”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。通读全文，可知在集体主义文化中，人们因为可以依靠亲友这样的社会关系网，更愿意冒险，但也会因为怕失去亲友，而不会冒太大的风险；在个人主义文化中，因为没有可依靠的社会关系网，人们不会冒太大的金融风险，相比之下，他们会冒更大的社会风险。故题目中的三种说法都正确，因此选D。

16.单选题

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirec